Enero-Junio 2022

Vol. 12 No. 1

Antonova, Mishchenko , Bandura , Abdullayev and Dolhyi / Interacción entre autoridades públicas e

instituciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

Interacción y Perspectiva Dep. Legal pp 201002Z43506

Revista de Trabajo Social ISSN 2244-808X

enero-junio

ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN

Interacción entre autoridades públicas e instituciones de la sociedad

civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6555412

Liudmyla Antonova *, Dmytro Mishchenko **, Ivan Bandura ***,

Vahif Abdullayev ****, Oleksandr Dolhyi *****

Resumen

El artículo corrobora la relevancia del estudio para la Ucrania moderna de la interacción

de las autoridades públicas y las instituciones de la sociedad civil en el campo de la

prevención y lucha contra la corrupción. Se realiza el análisis de las últimas

investigaciones temáticas y publicaciones. El documento resume y destaca las

principales direcciones y formas de mejorar la interacción de las autoridades públicas y

las instituciones de la sociedad civil en el campo de la prevención y el combate a la

corrupción e identifica las más efectivas y prometedoras. Se identifican las principales

razones de la interacción destructiva entre las autoridades públicas y las instituciones

de la sociedad civil (bajo nivel de conciencia legal, falta de mecanismos efectivos de

retroalimentación entre la sociedad y el estado). Se dan instrucciones temáticas sobre

una mayor interacción anticorrupción del estado (autoridades públicas) con la sociedad

civil (instituciones de la sociedad civil). Se presenta un modelo conceptual del

mecanismo de interacción entre el Estado y la sociedad civil en el campo de la prevención

y combate a la corrupción. El artículo formula y resuelve un problema científico de

actualidad en el campo de la administración pública, que consiste en resumir y destacar

las principales direcciones y formas de mejorar la interacción de las autoridades públicas

y las instituciones de la sociedad civil en la prevención y lucha contra la corrupción e

identificar las más eficaces y prometedoras.

Palabras clave: Actividades anticorrupción, Administración pública, Instituciones de la

sociedad civil, Corrupción, Autoridades públicas

Abstract

Interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions in the field

of preventing and combating corruption

The article substantiates the relevance of the study for modern Ukraine of the interaction

of public authorities and civil society institutions in the field of preventing and combating

corruption. The analysis of the last thematic researches and publications is carried out.

The paper summarizes and highlights the main directions and forms of improving the

Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 12 No 1 / enero-junio, 2022

interaction of public authorities and civil society institutions in the field of preventing and

combating corruption and identifies the most effective and promising of them. The main

reasons for the destructive interaction between public authorities and civil society

institutions are identified (low level of legal awareness, lack of effective feedback

mechanisms between society and the state). Topical directions on further anti-corruption

interaction of the state (public authorities) with civil society (civil society institutions)

are given. A conceptual model of the mechanism of interaction between the state and

civil society in the field of preventing and combating corruption is presented. The article

formulates and solves a topical scientific problem in the field of public administration,

which is to summarize and highlight the main directions and forms of improving the

interaction of public authorities and civil society institutions in preventing and combating

corruption and identify the most effective and promising.

Key words: Anticorruption activities, public administration, Civil society institutions,

Corruption, Public authorities.

Recibido: 25/02/2022 Aceptado: 15/03/2022

* Doctor of Sciences in Public Administration, Department of Accounting and Audit, Petro Mohyla Black Sea

National University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine. E-mail: antonovalv77@gmail.com

** Doctor of Sciences in Public Administration, Department of State, Local and Corporate Finance, University

of Customs and Finance, Dnipro, Ukraine. E-mail: miscenk020@rambler.ru

*** Candidate of Sciences in Public Administration, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv,

Ukraine. E-mail: banduraіs@ukr.net

**** Black Sea National University named after P. Mohyla, Mykolaiv, Ukraine. E-mail: Vahifphd@gmail.com

***** Department for Development of Professional Development Programs and Needs Analysis of the Training

Center, Ukrainian School of Government, Irpin, Ukraine. E-mail: saw_fliprnr@i.ua

1.- Introduction

At the present stage of development of the Ukrainian state, corruption is one of the

most important political, economic and social problems, since it entails a number of

negative consequences: it withdraws a significant amount of funds necessary for the life

of the country from the domestic economy; significantly reduces the level of trust and

worsens the state of the attitude of the population to the government and its bodies;

slows down, or completely levels out the growth of the quality of life of the population,

etc.

The modern experience of mutual relations between public authorities and civil

society institutions demonstrates that through national specifics, economic, political,

social and other conditions that reflect culture, history, traditions, etc. countries, the

above entities do not have a universal way of effective interaction. Therefore, there is

an urgent need to consider and improve the effectiveness of the mechanisms of this

interaction and propose measures to establish constructive relations between public

authorities and civil society institutions in modern Ukraine.

Antonova, Mishchenko , Bandura , Abdullayev and Dolhyi / Interacción entre autoridades públicas e

instituciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

2. Literature review

The problem of mutual relations between public authorities of various types and

levels and civil society and its specific representatives has long been the object of active

scientific research by foreign scientists of various categories of knowledge. The variability

of models of interaction between public authorities and society was once proposed by

such scientists as: Bahoo, Alon, & Paltrinieri (2020), Bolya & Gillandersb (2018),

Gamgani & Tonnac (2020). Novella-Garcia & Cloquell-Lozano (2021), Wickberg (2020).

The vector of our scientific research correlates with the areas of research activities

of such scientists as: Adilov (2016), Havkalova & Hruzd (2014), Gajdareva (2013),

Dzhabiev (2012), Kolosova & Ivanjuk (2011), Kabanov (2012; 2019), Murtazaliev

(2012), Rylov (2019), Tihomirov (2013).

Paying attention to the existing scientific achievements and the rapid dynamics of

changes in modern society, it should be noted that the range of thematic issues under

consideration is not exhaustive. This gives grounds for further scientific theoretical and

practical research of the multi-component phenomenon of corruption, in particular: state

policy in the field of preventing and combating corruption in the context of comparing

domestic and foreign experience; features and specifics of interaction between public

authorities and civil society institutions in the field of preventing and combating

corruption at the present stage of development of the Ukrainian state. In this regard,

the indicated topics of this stage of the study seem to be relevant, and the development

of thematic recommendations and the provision of relevant proposals are practically

significant.

The purpose of the article is to summarize and highlight the main directions and

forms of improving the interaction of public authorities and civil society institutions in

the field of preventing and combating corruption and identify the most effective and

promising of them. At this stage of the study used an interdisciplinary approach based

on the principle of systematic, integrated and logical approaches

3. Results

The effectiveness of activities to prevent and combat corruption directly depends on

the active participation of not only state, but also public institutions. As a multi-

component social phenomenon, corruption includes economic, legal, social, political and

ethical elements: in modern Ukraine, corruption manifests itself in all spheres of social

interaction (Yankovyi, Koval, Dudka & Bykhovchenko, 2021). Under the current

conditions, it is the institutions of civil society that can turn out to be a force to ensure

that the authorities meaningfully implement legitimate public interests when making

state-administrative decisions.

Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 12 No 1 / enero-junio, 2022

The key to an effective and efficient fight against corruption is constructive

interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions. In interaction in the

field of preventing and combating corruption, we understand the direct or indirect mutual

influence of various subjects of preventing and combating corruption, in particular public

authorities and civil society institutions of anti-corruption and other orientation, on each

other and the relevant social environment to achieve pre-set joint activities. the goals

are to reduce the level of corruption in the system of social administration.

It is our deep conviction that it is impossible to develop a special, clearly defined

criterion to determine the anti-corruption purpose of a particular civil society institution:

all civil society institutions existing in Ukraine, directly or indirectly, to a certain extent,

can be involved in preventing and combating corruption.

Given the practical plane of relations between public authorities and civil society

institutions, it should be noted that there is considerable disunity between these entities.

It should be recognized that to a large extent the effectiveness of anti-corruption

policy today depends on the degree of involvement of civil society institutions in the

activities to identify and publicize the facts of corruption offenses. Improving the

effectiveness of anti-corruption policy at the present stage is mainly due to the

strengthening of the role of civil society institutions in this area. This circumstance is due

to the fact that the authorities, in principle, are not interested in actually fighting

corruption. Without public participation and ensuring transparency in this process, as

domestic practice shows, the government does not want and cannot really oppose what

is its product. But the real scale of the spread of corruption in Ukraine, especially in its

individual regions, today is such that it becomes the main reason for the destruction of

the institutions of democracy and power in Ukrainian society. In fact, the government

itself becomes a hostage to corruption (Murtazaliev, 2012).

In this regard, a significant number of proposals initiated by civil society institutions

for cooperation in the field of combating corruption are not supported by state authorities

and local governments, in particular, because of the unwillingness to violate established

corruption ties and technologies, or are supported only verbally and are replaced by

invitations. to participate in formal events not related to the adoption and development

of specific measures. The current situation has given rise to deep contradictions in

assessments of the very possibility of establishing a constructive dialogue and mutual

distrust, based on the fact that public authorities are a priori considered by civil society

institutions as a key element of the corruption mechanism, and authorities, in turn, are

afraid of "erosion" of their powers. and additional external control by public institutions

(Murtazaliev, 2012).

As part of the problem of interaction between state and public institutions in anti-

corruption activities, two main groups of reasons that contribute to the manifestation of

corruption should be distinguished - a low level of legal awareness and the lack of

effective feedback mechanisms between society and the state. The low level of legal

awareness of citizens and other participants in legal relations to a large extent

contributes to the spread of corruption. Organizing and holding events to raise the level

Antonova, Mishchenko , Bandura , Abdullayev and Dolhyi / Interacción entre autoridades públicas e

instituciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

of legal awareness is a joint activity of the state and civil society institutions. Among the

main directions of the implementation of the anti-corruption strategy of Ukraine should

be the expansion of the system of legal education of the population. Raising the level of

legal awareness in society is also one of the activities of a number of public organizations,

such as Transparency International Ukraine. The interaction of the state with civil society

in this direction is carried out by involving civil society institutions in the implementation

of anti-corruption educational programs, organizing expert discussions, facilitating the

provision of airtime in information and communication networks, etc. Another reason for

corruption is the weak feedback of citizens with domestic public authorities, in particular,

in the field of protecting their rights. The state, on the one hand, creates specialized

bodies and positions to ensure such interaction (for example, the Commissioner of the

Verkhovna Rada for Human Rights), and civil society institutions, on the other hand,

help to strengthen this connection, representing the interests of their members

(Kolosova & Ivanjuk, 2011).

Another problem in preventing and combating corruption is its high level of latency.

Finding corruption is quite difficult. To effectively combat corruption, attention should be

paid to its prevention to a large extent (Gajdareva, 2013).

The interaction of the state with civil society in order to reduce the level of corruption

should be aimed in two directions:

1) overcoming the corruption consciousness and behavior of citizens, officials, and

other participants in legal relations;

2) the fight against corruption manifestations in regulatory legal acts and the

activities of public authorities.

Under the mechanism of interaction between the state and civil society in the field

of preventing and combating corruption, we consider an artificially created system based

on public authorities and civil society institutions with the help of a number of other

elements of this system: functions, methods, tools, norms, principles, resources and

measures carry out practical mutual influence on each other in order to achieve the goals

of state policy in the field of preventing and combating corruption. This mechanism is

multi-vector and polycomponent. The conceptual model of the mechanism of interaction

between the state and civil society in the field of preventing and combating corruption

is presented in Figure 1.

Given the lack of research information, special attention within the framework of this

mechanism should be paid to the stages of anti-corruption activities. Interaction between

public authorities and civil society institutions in the field of preventing and combating

corruption should permeate all stages of anti-corruption activities: from putting forward

anti-corruption initiatives to monitoring the effectiveness of state policy in the field of

preventing and combating corruption. At the stage of putting forward anti-corruption

initiatives, the interaction of civil society institutions with public authorities should be

carried out as follows: joint discussion of anti-corruption initiatives proposed by public

authorities with interested civil society institutions; submission of proposals on public

anti-corruption initiatives to public authorities and their joint discussion with interested

Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 12 No 1 / enero-junio, 2022

authorities; joint promotion of anti-corruption initiatives by civil society institutions and

public authorities.

Figure 1. The mechanism of interaction between the state and civil society in

the field of preventing and combating corruption

Communicative resource for

the democratization of society

Systematic organization of

anti-corruption activities of

state institutions and civil

society institutions

(state, regional, municipal,

local levels)

Purpose of the

interaction

Result of interaction

Interaction platform

(communication

technologies)

CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS

The final result of the

anti-corruption activities

of state institutions and

civil society institutions

(its theoretical and

practical application)

Communicative

resource for the

democratization of

Participants in anti-corruption

activities

(public authorities, commissioners

for human rights, public associations

and organizations (professional

associations, trade unions, mass

media, religious organizations),

representatives of business

structures, individual citizens and

legal entities, international bodies

and organizations, etc.)

Object and subject of anti-

corruption activities in the

interaction of state institutions and

civil society institutions

(public relations in the field of

adoption and implementation of

legislative, managerial, law

enforcement decisions containing the

possibility of corruption

manifestations)

Principles of interaction between state

institutions and civil society institutions in

anti-corruption activities

(objectivity, impartiality, justice,

incorruptibility, responsibility, etc.)

Stages of anti-corruption activities

of state institutions and civil society

institutions

(motivational, informational,

analytical, evaluative, effective)

Criteria for the effectiveness of

interaction between the state and civil

society institutions in the field of

preventing and combating corruption

State policy in the field of preventing and combating corruption

(purpose and tasks)

Information e nvironment

Ins ti tu tional env iro nment

PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

Resource supp ort

Sub-mechanisms of interaction:

organizational;

regulatory,

institutional,

coordination,

international cooperation, etc.

Functions

Methods

Tools

Norms

Principles

Events

Antonova, Mishchenko , Bandura , Abdullayev and Dolhyi / Interacción entre autoridades públicas e

instituciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

These forms of anti-corruption interaction between civil society institutions and public

authorities are implemented during joint meetings, round tables, conferences and other

organizational events. The criterion for the effectiveness of such interaction should not

be the number of joint meetings on the problem of combating corruption, but the

quantity and quality of implemented anti-corruption initiatives. Anti-corruption

interaction between civil society institutions and public authorities arises from the joint

participation of these subjects of anti-corruption policy on mutually beneficial terms and

goes beyond the discussion of anti-corruption initiatives and is implemented as a joint

activity (Kabanov, 2012).

The mechanism of interaction between the state and civil society in the field of

preventing and combating corruption is characterized by specific qualitative and

quantitative indicators, which include, for example: the number of measures to increase

the level of legal awareness; the number of participants in legal relations involved in

activities to increase the level of legal awareness; the number of public initiatives put

forward aimed at preventing and combating corruption; the number of public anti-

corruption examinations of draft regulatory legal acts; people's trust in power; the

conviction of the population in the need to fight corruption; awareness of the population

about the progress and results of the fight against corruption; the degree of involvement

of civil society institutions in the implementation of anti-corruption measures together

with state bodies; transparency of activities of public authorities, etc.

The implementation of the mechanism of interaction between the state and civil

society in the field of preventing and combating corruption in social practice will

contribute to the development of legal awareness of citizens, professional ethics, legal

culture of officials of public authorities and local governments, improvement of rule-

making and law enforcement activities.

The effectiveness of this interaction primarily depends on the effectiveness of the

directions and forms of interaction and cooperation between public authorities and civil

society institutions in the field of preventing and combating corruption (in the

implementation of a system of anti-corruption measures).

Considering corruption as a systemic phenomenon, it is important to counteract it in

all directions, actively using the capabilities of all relevant actors, in particular, such as:

the media, public organizations, trade unions and associations, social movements, public

initiative bodies, political parties, the business community etc.

Table 1 reveals the content essence of the role and importance of civil society

institutions in matters of interaction with public authorities in the field of preventing and

combating corruption.

Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 12 No 1 / enero-junio, 2022

Table 1. The role and importance of civil society institutions in matters of

interaction with public authorities in the field of preventing and combating

corruption

Civil society

institutions

Role and significance

Mass media

The media, in cooperation with public authorities, contribute to educating

citizens in the spirit of respect for the law, contribute to the

establishment of democratic values in the mass consciousness and

understanding the danger of corruption. The mass media receive and

disseminate information about the facts of corruption in all areas of

public life, thereby exercising a kind of control over the activities of public

authorities.

Public organizations

Public organizations (associations, associations, foundations, unions), in

cooperation with public authorities, can develop and implement anti-

corruption programs; ensure public control over bills; to carry out

general activities aimed at developing recommendations on the fight

against corruption; engage in anti-corruption propaganda; conduct

special anti-corruption research (legal, sociological, economic, etc.).

Professional unions

and associations

Professional unions and associations are called upon, in cooperation with

the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, to monitor compliance with

legislation in the field of employment, in particular in line with the fight

against corruption, to represent and protect the social and labor rights

of citizens from corruption; participate in the development of state

employment programs.

Social movements

Social movements aimed at promoting intolerance of corruption, in

particular through appropriate authorized actions, rallies,

demonstrations, etc.

Bodies of public

initiative

Bodies of public initiative together with public authorities are called upon

to solve various social problems at the place of residence, study, work

of citizens. At the same time, it is possible to carry out anti-corruption

control over the implementation of acts of state authorities in solving

local social problems.

Political parties

Political parties are called to form public anti-corruption opinion; to

educate citizens in the spirit of intolerance to all forms of corruption;

participate in the development of anti-corruption decisions of public

authorities; participate in and monitor the conduct of elections and

referendums; to develop and implement legal policy in legislation

through its representatives.

Business community

The business community, as an integral part of civil society, takes part

in activities to prevent and combat corruption, both by participating in

discussions of draft regulatory legal acts and by presenting relevant

initiatives.

Source: according to the source (Kolosova & Ivanjuk, 2011).

Antonova, Mishchenko , Bandura , Abdullayev and Dolhyi / Interacción entre autoridades públicas e

instituciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

Taking into account the existing domestic regulatory and legal field and the scientific

heritage on the interaction of public authorities with civil society institutions in the

implementation of the state anti-corruption policy, we can single out three main areas

in which it is most fully implemented: the first direction of interaction between civil

society institutions and public authorities are manifested through the participation of

representatives of civil society institutions in the work of specialized anti-corruption

bodies - advisory, advisory, coordinating and expert permanent and temporary councils

(commissions and working groups); the second direction of interaction is the interaction

of civil society institutions with public authorities when using separate tools or

mechanisms for combating corruption; the third direction of interaction between public

authorities and civil society institutions is associated with the formation and development

of the institution of public control over the implementation of the state anti-corruption

policy (Kabanov, 2019).

The interaction of public authorities and civil society institutions in the field of

preventing and combating corruption must be ensured in the following main areas:

• improvement of the state anti-corruption policy, in particular in the field of anti-

corruption legislation;

• ensuring, on a systematic basis, coordinated and purposeful joint actions of public

authorities and civil society institutions;

• expanding the range of issues in the field of preventing and combating corruption,

in the solution of which civil society institutions are involved;

• creation of a system of incentives for the active participation of civil society

institutions in solving the tasks set by the state in the field of preventing and combating

corruption;

• creating conditions for civil society institutions that promote accountability,

openness and transparency of the activities of public authorities in making and

implementing management decisions in the field of preventing and combating

corruption;

• introduction of effective mechanisms for taking into account public opinion in the

development of decisions by public authorities in the field of preventing and combating

corruption and their improvement;

• formation of an anti-corruption worldview among the population;

• study and application of international experience of interaction between public

authorities and civil society institutions in the field of preventing and combating

corruption (Murtazaliev, 2012).

The systemic and comprehensive process of preventing and combating corruption

involves direct interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions, in

particular, in the development of management decisions. Therefore, an important

indicator of this interaction is the inclusion of representatives of civil society institutions

Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 12 No 1 / enero-junio, 2022

in the implementation of anti-corruption measures and in the composition of councils,

commissions, etc., which are functioning in public authorities.

Taking into account the provisions of the current domestic legislation and law

enforcement practice, it is possible to determine the following organizational and

institutional forms of interaction between civil society institutions and public authorities:

• public councils under executive authorities;

• expert councils under public authorities;

• self-regulatory organizations;

• professional associations and public organizations;

• platforms for discussing issues of social and political life on the Internet, in

particular, on the official websites of public authorities;

• publications in mass media;

• Institute of Public Expertise of Draft Regulatory Legal Acts;

• the institution of pretrial (out-of-court) appeal, etc. (Tihomirov, 2013).

However, in the modern realities of Ukraine, most of the above forms of interaction

are not effective enough, which leads to the study of relevant foreign experience.

Modern European countries use three models of interaction between civil society

institutions and public authorities, namely: 1) a normative model based on the liberal

tradition; 2) a legitimization model based on a systematic approach, where civil society

institutions perform important functions at the "entrance" of the political system; 3) an

instrumental model, according to which the instrumental function of civil society

institutions is to effectively solve social problems (Jargomskaja, Belokurova &

Nozhenko, 2004).

Within the framework of these models of interaction, in order to minimize the

negative impact of corruption on the very institutions of civil society, strict adherence to

the implementation of the provisions of international legal acts is necessary. Civil society

institutions should take into account the factor of corruption when developing strategies

to improve the efficiency and productivity of their activities. The nature and scope of

modern corruption is such that it even calls into question some of the key provisions of

existing management theories (Bagmet, 2018; Korolchuk, Korolchuk, Myronets,

Boltivets, Mostova & Koval, 2021). At the end of the XX century international civil society

institutions promoted and disseminated interrelated phenomena: new public

administration and anti-corruption policies. In this relationship, anti-corruption policy (in

particular, the promotion of public ethics) is presented as a response to the failures and

omissions of the new public administration (Bukanov, Kolesnyk, Tashkinova, Kotlubai, &

Koval, 2019). Today, public administration and anti-corruption policy are prerequisites

and consequences of each other (Sytnyk & Olesenko, 2020).

Modern public servants, even if they are not yet corrupt, by their direct or indirect

actions significantly distort anti-corruption institutions by choosing the lowest probability

Antonova, Mishchenko , Bandura , Abdullayev and Dolhyi / Interacción entre autoridades públicas e

instituciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

of detecting corruption when this probability concerns their own actions or inaction

(Bolya & Gillandersb, 2018). As an example, in France, the reduction in the level of

corruption among public servants was achieved through its public disclosure, indicating

specific corrupt persons (especially of a political and financial nature) and the

introduction and development of international principles of virtue and integrity, as well

as strengthening the preventive approach to preventing corruption (Gamgani & Tonnac,

2020).

In addition, there is an opinion among European researchers that if the public

authorities actively, systematically and for a long time promoted the foundations of

moral conscious behavior among the population and there was a strong relationship

between ethics and politics, the existing loopholes in the legislation would be less used.

for corrupt practices. Therefore, the processes of promoting the provisions of public

ethics deserve special attention (Novella-Garcia & Cloquell-Lozano, 2021).

Relevant for consideration is the experience of countries that are located at the

crossroads of the European and Asian paths and have mutual positions with Ukraine.

Given the common socialist past, the experience of Azerbaijan deserves special

attention.

Paradoxically, the Azerbaijani society perceives corruption not as a social evil, but as

an established phenomenon against the backdrop of reforms carried out in the country.

This is confirmed by representatives of almost all categories of social and administrative

relations, including politicians and statesmen, who by their real actions often create a

corruption pyramid that undermines all initiatives to reform the social sphere and the

economy of the republic. The bureaucracy, developing socio-economic programs, laws

and by-laws, deliberately includes in them such articles and provisions that either

contradict other by-laws, or create conditions for the free interpretation of certain

articles. Therefore, an official can easily impose his principled and subjective position on

this or that issue on other subjects of state-public relations (Dzhabiev, 2012).

Despite such a factual situation, the leadership of the Republic of Azerbaijan declares

the fight against the phenomenon of corruption. National Azerbaijani leader Heydar

Aliyev calls corruption a "common disease" and states that crime, bribery and corruption

are the main issues that worry the public and cause its discontent (Adilov, 2016).

According to the current National Action Plan for the Development of Open

Government in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the activities to apply the principles of

transparency and openness of public authorities are built on a number of constructive

provisions, among which the leading place is occupied by the provisions on cooperation

of the latter with civil society institutions and ensuring public participation in socio-

political the life of the country. This plan combines thematic events of different

directions, including measures related to the fight against illegal actions that are

incompatible with social norms and moral values. Appropriate measures are designed to

help ensure the direct participation of citizens and public organizations in the fight

against corruption, as well as to intensify the activities of public authorities in relation to

the consideration of incoming applications in connection with the specified social problem

Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 12 No 1 / enero-junio, 2022

and corruption offense (improving the work on considering applications and complaints;

developing cooperation with institutions civil society in the field of combating corruption;

The most common forms of interaction between public authorities of the Republic of

Azerbaijan and civil society institutions are common and widely used, namely: promotion

of anti-corruption initiatives; formal participation in the work of advisory bodies; holding

general thematic events; information and explanatory activities in the field of preventing

and combating corruption. However, the implementation of the forms of this interaction

is actually not super-efficient.

In this regard, with the progressive development of public relations, the formation of

an up-to-date, effective and viable institutional mechanism that provides comprehensive

services in terms of stopping cases of corruption and increasing the transparency of

building mutual relations between an official and a citizen on the basis of the legal

provision of services to citizens can become super promising. the direction of ongoing

reforms, envisaged for a long period. A good example is the creation of the State Agency

for the provision of services to citizens and social innovations under the President of the

Republic of Azerbaijan and the formation of ASAN service centers as its structural

component (Adilov, 2016).

Taking into account the variability of forms, means, models of interaction between

public authorities and civil society institutions, we can argue that a priori there is no

universal model of this interaction, which in absolutely all its aspects would be completely

acceptable for modern Ukraine. But a certain experience in the directions and forms of

interaction between the authorities and the public society of other countries, taking into

account the historical traditions, mentality, legal framework and realities of modern

Ukraine, can be partially and modified in our country.

The creation of an up-to-date and effective system of public authority today is an

important factor in the gradual socio-economic development of Ukraine, which will

ultimately ensure the formation of the Ukrainian state as a truly legal, social and highly

developed European country with social stability and democratic governance. In the

context of anti-corruption activities, the state should improve its policy in all areas of

public life; support de facto, not de jure, institutions of civil society; develop, strengthen

them and cooperate effectively with them. It is effective public administration that should

ensure the constructive functioning of a practical organizational and legal mechanism for

identifying, coordinating and implementing public needs and interests through the use

of various legal means, the formation of subjective rights and obligations of participants

in social processes and relations, the translation of their connections and mutual

dependencies in certain legal relations (Havkalova & Hruzd, 2014).

The goal of achieving a truly democratic and effective mechanism for managing,

protecting and protecting the rights of citizens, raising the level of legal awareness and

the formation of law-abiding worldviews, we consider it necessary to put into practice a

set of interconnected nationwide measures, among which the most significant are the

following:

Antonova, Mishchenko , Bandura , Abdullayev and Dolhyi / Interacción entre autoridades públicas e

instituciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

• organization of substantive and detailed legal propaganda in the media at all

territorial levels;

• ensuring wide access of citizens to regulatory and legal information of all its

types, except for information of secret significance (in accordance with the requirements

of the current legislation of Ukraine);

• development and legislative consolidation of the latest forms and methods (with

appropriate legal guarantees) of the real institutional involvement of citizens in the

management, security and other activities of the Ukrainian state (Kolosova & Ivanjuk,

2011).

It should be noted that the effectiveness of the application of anti-corruption

measures depends on a number of factors of a political, legal, managerial, economic and

informational nature: compliance of the intensity of anti-corruption measures with the

nature of corruption manifestations; correct placement of accents when choosing the

most effective organizational and legal means of counteracting corruption

manifestations, taking into account: assessment of corruption risks in a particular area

or branch of public administration; the nature of the corruption offenses committed in

this area and in a certain territory; data of sociological surveys, the state of corruption

in a certain area of activity of public authorities; results of anti-corruption monitoring, in

particular, law enforcement monitoring; other factors that allow to varying degrees to

individualize the use of anti-corruption tools. The effectiveness of anti-corruption policy

implementation depends on ensuring the necessary level of specialization of anti-

corruption measures, taking into account the factors affecting corruption risks, on the

correctly chosen object of anti-corruption impact: today these are persons holding

positions in public authorities (Murtazaliev, 2012).

The key to increasing the level of effectiveness of anti-corruption activities in the

country is the activity of civil society institutions and the support of public authorities for

carefully prepared and thought-out public initiatives in the field of preventing and

combating corruption. At the same time, it should be stated that in Ukraine and

Azerbaijan the level of development of civil society is still at an insufficiently high level

for the formation of an effective system of public control over the adoption and

implementation of managerial decisions. With this in mind, the main emphasis should

be placed on a comprehensive and all-pervasive process of raising the level of legal

awareness and legal education of all participants in public legal relations.

4. Discussion

Counteraction and prevention of corruption is solved by different subjects using

various means, tools and technologies, aimed at achieving a common result - reducing

the level of corruption in the social management system. That is why the constructive

interaction of various subjects of combating and preventing corruption in order to

achieve their common ultimate goal is one of the conditions for the effectiveness of the

state anti-corruption policy.

Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 12 No 1 / enero-junio, 2022

The interaction of public authorities with civil society institutions to prevent and

combat corruption occurs in three main areas: involvement of representatives of civil

society institutions in the activities of collegial anti-corruption bodies; providing them

with conditions for the use of certain anti-corruption tools; exercising public control over

the implementation of measures to prevent and combat corruption.

This requires the formation of a modern and effective mechanism for public

prevention and combating corruption, which includes the following components:

knowledge and active application of the existing legal framework by all citizens;

overcoming corruption defects of legal consciousness; continuous and strict observance

of anti-corruption prohibitions with the use of the control function; activation of anti-

corruption activities within the framework of traditionally existing institutions and

institutions created through public initiative; improvement of interaction between public

authorities and civil society institutions in order to streamline the systemic-complex

influence on corruption phenomena.

In our opinion, it is considered relevant to increase attention to the formation of a

high sense of justice as the main preventive factor in preventing and combating

corruption, as well as the use of sociological tools in law. Thus, there will be a decrease

in the zone of misconduct and alienation from the law, and the scope of lawful behavior

will expand.

Another component of effective prevention and combating corruption is the

development of anti-corruption programs, which should become a component of the

professional qualifications of all employees.

5. Conclusion

Activities to combat and prevent corruption by civil society institutions together with

public authorities will be effective only when it becomes a collegial activity. Consistency

and consolidation of anti-corruption efforts of different structures creates significant

synergy. The effect of concerted actions far exceeds the result of disparate efforts in

quantitative and qualitative terms of the composition of participants in various anti-

corruption projects and programs. The conducted research convinces the relevance of

further implementation of scientific developments in the field of preventing and

combating corruption in various spectrums of consideration of this phenomenon. The

study and solution of such issues as consciousness and human behavior, norm and

deviation, the effectiveness of a set of measures to strengthen the rule of law, moral

stimulation of exemplary behavior and activities, anticipation of corruption risks should

help reduce the level of corruption in Ukraine.

We consider the following promising areas for further theoretical and practical

research: development and implementation of relevant moral and moral means to

reduce the scale of corruption in modern Ukraine; new directions of formation of anti-

corruption consciousness of citizens and strengthening of their anti-corruption

Antonova, Mishchenko , Bandura , Abdullayev and Dolhyi / Interacción entre autoridades públicas e

instituciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito de la prevención y combate a la corrupción

motivation; anti-corruption education as an instrument of the state's anti-corruption

policy

So, the article formulated and solved an urgent scientific problem in the field of public

administration, which consists in summarizing and highlighting the main directions and

forms of improving the interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions

in the field of preventing and combating corruption and determining the most effective

and promising of them. The results of this stage of scientific research, the above

provisions and proposals serve as the basis for further theoretical and practical research

of the national policy in the field of preventing and combating corruption in general and

directions for improving the formation of modern mechanisms for preventing and

combating corruption in particular.

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