De la compensación ambiental a la sostenibilidad territorial: pagos por servicios ambientales y desarrollo rural
Palabras clave:
Pagos por servicios ambientales, desarrollo rural, gobernanza ambiental, sostenibilidad territorial
Resumen
La creciente presión sobre los ecosistemas y la expansión de la frontera agrícola en América Latina han intensificado el debate sobre instrumentos capaces de conciliar la conservación ambiental con el desarrollo rural. En este contexto, el presente estudio examina la evolución de los Pagos por Servicios Ambientales en la región, analizando su efectividad ambiental, sus dinámicas de gobernanza y su vinculación con el desarrollo rural. La investigación se desarrolló mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura basada en la guía internacional para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis (actualización 2020), a partir del análisis comparativo de cincuenta estudios científicos indexados en bases de datos internacionales. Los resultados evidencian que estos mecanismos han contribuido a la reducción de la deforestación y a la conservación de ecosistemas estratégicos; sin embargo, su impacto depende de la adicionalidad real, la focalización territorial y la calidad institucional. Asimismo, se identificó que la participación comunitaria y la articulación con estrategias productivas sostenibles fortalecen su contribución al desarrollo rural. Se concluye que los Pagos por Servicios Ambientales trascienden su carácter compensatorio cuando convergen diseño ecológico riguroso, gobernanza participativa e integración territorial, configurándose como instrumentos potenciales de sostenibilidad territorial en contextos rurales latinoamericanos.
Citas
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Duc, N. M., Diep, D. T., & Huyen, D. T. T. (2024). Community-based payment for forest environmental services: A study in Vietnam. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 11(1), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v11i1.3583
Ferraro, P. J., & Kiss, A. (2002). Direct payments to conserve biodiversity. Science, 298(5599), 1718-1719. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078104
Figueroa-Alfaro, R. W., & Tang, Z. (2017). Evaluating the aesthetic value of cultural ecosystem services by mapping geo-tagged photographs from social media data on Panoramio and Flickr. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 60(2), 266-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1151772
Gordillo, F., Eguiguren, P., Köthke, M., Ferrer Velasco, R., & Elsasser, P. (2021). Additionality and leakage resulting from PES implementation? Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazonia. Forests, 12(7), 906. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070906
Goodwin, G. (2016). The quest to bring land under social and political control: Land reform struggles of the past and present in Ecuador. Journal of Agrarian Change, 17(3), 571–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12181
Grando Castaldello, K. L., & Pereira, R. (2024). O pagamento por serviços ambientais como financiamento para a preservación dos ecossistemas articulando-o aos corredores ecológicos. JURIS - Revista da Faculdade de Direito, 34(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.14295/juris.v34i2.17781
Gutierrez, H., Lee, G. O., Corozo Angulo, B., Dimka, J., Eisenberg, J. N. S., Trostle, J. A., & Hardin, R. (2020). Perceptions of local vulnerability and the relative importance of climate change in rural Ecuador. Human Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-020-00165-1
Henrique, R., & Toniolo, M. A. (2022). Pagamentos por serviços ambientais para a restauração da paisagem: Primeiros ensaios. VII Seminário do Programa de Pós-graduação Planejamento Urbano e Regional da Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.18066/semplur.2022.13
Kemigisha, E., Babweteera, F., Mugisha, J., & Angelsen, A. (2023). Payment for environmental services to reduce deforestation: Do the positive effects last? Ecological Economics, 209, 107840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107840
Kleemann, J., Zamora, C., Villacis-Chiluisa, A. B., Cuenca, P., Koo, H., Noh, J. K., Fürst, C., & Thiel, M. (2022). Deforestation in continental Ecuador with a focus on protected areas. Land, 11(268), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020268
Kostetska, I., & Baran-Zgłobicka, B. (2024). Environmental policy in rural development management involving territorial partnerships. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Administratio Locorum, 23(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9254
Le, T.-A. T., Vodden, K., Wu, J., Bullock, R., & Sabau, G. (2024). Payments for ecosystem services programs: A global review of contributions towards sustainability. Heliyon, 10(e22361), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22361
Leitão, A. M., & Silva, L. F. D. (2023). Pagamentos por serviços ambientais e ecossistêmicos para produção de água. En Ciências Agrárias: Limites e potencialidades em pesquisa—Volume 2 (1.a ed., pp. 167-183). Editora.
Liwono Moba, D., & Piluso, N. (2024). Payments for environmental services and economic growth: A theoretical model. Environmental Economics, 15(1), 70-81. https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.15(1).2024.06
López Santillán, Á. A. (2021). El Estado como capataz: política ambiental, gobernanza y reterritorialización en el bosque tropical del Caribe mexicano. Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, 36(2), 493–532. https://doi.org/10.24201/edu.v36i2.1901
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Publicado
2026-04-08
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Sandoval Romero, R. D., Delgado Arboleda, C. I., & Rodas Crespo, M. P. (2026). De la compensación ambiental a la sostenibilidad territorial: pagos por servicios ambientales y desarrollo rural. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 31(114), e3111419. Recuperado a partir de http://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/45434
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