Distribución del ingreso y desarrollo rural en el cantón Simón Bolívar
Palabras clave:
ingreso laboral, educación, infraestructura, desarrollo rural
Resumen
Parte primordial para el desarrollo de una localidad son las oportunidades de trabajo y los niveles de ingreso a los cuales tenga acceso una población, y para el caso del sector rural del cantón Simón Bolívar es muy común que los principales aspectos sobre los que se establezca una brecha correspondan al grado de pobreza, el acceso a servicios, trabajo, vivienda, educación, entre otros. Bajo esta perspectiva, en el presente trabajo se busca analizar cómo la distribución del ingreso puede influir en el desarrollo de los recintos de la zona rural del cantón Simón Bolívar, considerando las distintas fuentes laborales a las que tienen acceso las personas y aspectos relacionados, por lo cual se efectuará el modelo econométrico de regresión logística ordinal, y así poder identificar qué estrategias pueden ser implementadas para poder mitigar esta situación. Los resultados indican que aspectos como el ingreso por actividad bajo dependencia, el ingreso por actividad autónoma, el acceso a infraestructura vial y el acceso a educación han impactado en mayor medida sobre el desarrollo de la población rural del cantón Simón Bolívar, lo cual demandaría una mejor asignación de recursos para impulsar la educación, mejorar las condiciones laborales y promulgar proyectos de construcción.
Citas
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Ahmadi, S., Ghanbari Movahed, R., Gholamrezaie, S., & Rahimian, M. (2022). Assessing the Vulnerability of Rural Households to Floods at Pol-e Dokhtar Region in Iran. Sustainability, 14(2), 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020762
Calatayud , A., Canales , Á., Quispe , G., Chui, H., & Ramos, E. (2021). Impacto del turismo rural en el ingreso económico y la decisión de emigrar en la Comunidad de Llachón (Puno, Perú). AGER: Revista de Estudios sobre Despoblación y Desarrollo Rural (Journal of Depopulation and Rural Development Studies)(31), 7-42. https://doi.org/10.4422/ager.2021.06
Chen, K., Chen, Y., Long, H., & Li, N. (2024). How does land consolidation affect rural development transformation? Journal of Geographical Sciences, 34, 417-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-024-2211-5
Coley, R., Carey, N., Hwang, D., Spielvogel, B., & Henry, D. (2024). Racial Inequities in Educational Opportunity: Variation Across Socioeconomic Status. Race and Social Problems, 16(4), 414-432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-024-09415-z
Correa, J., Daidone, S., Davis, B., & Sitko, N. (2023). Social Protection and Rural Transformation in Africa. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 15(1), 305-327. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-101422-100158
De Janvry, A., Duquennois, C., & Sadoulet, E. (2020). Labor calendars and rural poverty: A case study for Malawi. Food Policy, 109, 102255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102255
Esquivel Sarceño , J. (2021). Análisis de condiciones socioeconómicas de desarrollo rural de dos comunidades del municipio El Chal, Petén, Guatemala. Horizonte De La Ciencia, 11(21), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.26490/uncp.horizonteciencia.2021.21.897
Florez Vaquiro, N. (2021). Pobreza, desigualdad y perfil sociodemográfico de los hogares rurales y agropecuarios en la región sur de México . EntreDiversidades, 8(1(16)), 36-63. https://doi.org/10.31644/ED.V8.N1.2021.A02
Fullerton, A., & Anderson , K. (2023). Ordered Regression Models: a Tutorial. Prevention Science, 24, 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01302-y
Ghosh, S., Doğan, B., Can, M., Shah, M., & Apergis, N. (2023). Does economic structure matter for income inequality? Quality & Quantity, 57, 2507–2527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01462-1
Gizaw, Z., Astale, T., & Kassie, G. (2022). What improves access to primary healthcare services in rural communities? A systematic review. BMC Primary Care, 23(313). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01919-0
Guamán-Rivera, S. (2022). Desarrollo de Políticas Agrarias y su Influencia en los Pequeños Agricultores Ecuatorianos. Revista Científica Zambos, 1(3), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.69484/rcz/v1/n3/30
Habib, N., Alauddin, M., Cramb, R., & Rankin, P. (2022). A differential analysis for men and women’s determinants of livelihood diversification in rural rain-fed region of Pakistan: An ordered logit model (OLOGIT) approach. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 5(1), 100257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100257
Hikmat. (2024). Social inequality and access to education:a literature review on the impact of social stratification on education in developing countries. Indonesian Journal of Studies on Humanities, Social Sciences and, 1(1), 59-67. https://ijhsed.com/index.php/a/article/view/24/25
Jackson, B. (2021). The Inequity of Educational Opportunity During an Epidemic. Postmodern Openings, 12(1), 319-327. https://lumenpublishing.com/journals/index.php/po/article/view/3807
Kareska, K. (2025). Analyzing the Impact of Cooperative Farming Models on Rural Economic Development. SSRN, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5127927
Lelisho, M., Wogi, A., & Tareke, S. (2022). Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis in Determining Factors Associated with Socioeconomic Status of Household in Tepi Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Scientific World Journal, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2415692
Lestari , P., Rachmansyah, A., Efani , A., & Pertiwi , M. (2024). Sustainability of Rural Road Development: A Case Study on Woro Village Kepohbaru District Bojonegoro Region. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 5(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v5i1.1278
Liu, Z. (2024). The Multi-dimensional Effect of Family Income on Opportunity Equality of Access to Higher Education in Japan. SHS Web of Conferences(190), 01023. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419001023
Mashanova, S., Kurmanova, G., & Urazova, B. (2023). Social protection of the population in rural areas. Bulletin of «Turan» University(4), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2023-1-4-233-246
Merino-Murillo , J., Mora-Alvarado , J., & Jiménez-Benítez , J. (2022). Emprendimiento de Comunidades Rurales y Desarrollo Local. Dominio De Las Ciencias, 8(1), 57-80. https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v8i1.2560
Morales, J., Martínez, M., & Gómez, D. (2022). Mujeres indígenas rurales y pobreza. Los impactos de las desventajas frente a los recursos. Culturales, 10(1), e649. https://doi.org/10.22234/recu.20221001.e649
Palmisano, F., Biagi, F., & Peragine, V. (2022). Inequality of Opportunity in Tertiary Education: Evidence from Europe. Research in Higher Education, 63(3), 514-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-021-09658-4
Patiño-Ramírez , S., & Valiente-Saldaña, Y. (2023). Identificación de factores que determinan el desarrollo rural en comunidades campesinas, 2018-2023: Revisión sistemática. Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria Koinonía, 8(1), 242-256. https://doi.org/10.35381/r.k.v8i1.2783
Ríos Obando, J., Angarita De La Cruz , B., Vargas Taborda , L., & Azcárate Serrano , J. (2023). Factores de movilidad social en un sector rural de Colombia. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, XXIX(1), 169-185. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i1.39744
Román-Montesdeoca, E., Licea-Resendiz, J., & Romero-Torres, F. (2020). Diversificación de ingresos de los productores como estrategias de desarrollo rural. Entramado, 16(2), 126-141. https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.6752
Ruja, I., Sumarmi, & Idris. (2024). Programs, Opportunities, and Challenges in Poverty Reduction: A Systematic Review. SAGE Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241256242
Sano, Y., Mammen, S., & Houghten, M. (2021). WellBeing and Stability among Lowincome Families: A 10Year Review of Research. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(Suppl 1), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09715-7
Sete Wereta, M., & Ahmed, M. (2024). Review on Social Protection Schemes in Rural Ethiopia. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 22(2), 182-197. https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.22.2.3
Sowl, S., Smith, R., & Brown, M. (2022). Rural College Graduates: Who Comes Home? Rural Sociology, 87(1), 303-329. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12416
Wan, G., Wang, C., Zhang, X., & Zuo, C. (2024). Income inequality effect of public utility infrastructure: Evidence from rural China. World Development, 179, 106594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106594
Xiong, M., Fan, J., Li, W., & Sheng Xian, B. (2022). Can China’s digital inclusive finance help rural revitalization? A perspective based on rural economic development and income disparity. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10:985620. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.985620
Yar, F., & Musadiq, M. (2024). The Role and Importance of Empowering Rural Communities for Rural Development in Afghanistan. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(11), 4961-4980. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i11.1786
Yu, Y., Appiah, D., Zulu, B., & Adu-Poku, K. (2024). Integrating Rural Development, Education, and Management: Challenges and Strategies. Sustainability, 16(15), 6474. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156474
Zhang, W. (2022). Social capital, income and subjective well-being: evidence in rural China. Heliyon, 8(1), e08705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08705
Zhang, Y. (2025). Family Income and Educational Opportunities: Analysing the Role of Socioeconomic Status in Access to Quality Education in China. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, 172(1), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754- 169/2025.22158
Zhao, W., Yin, C., Hua, T., Meadows, M., Li, Y., Liu, Y., . . . Fu, B. (2022). Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the post-pandemic era. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(258). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01283-5
Addai, G., Suh, J., Bardsley, D., Robinson, G., & Guodaar, L. (2024). Exploring sustainable development within rural regions in Ghana: A rural web approach. Sustainable Development, 32(4), 3890-3907. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2887
Ahmadi, S., Ghanbari Movahed, R., Gholamrezaie, S., & Rahimian, M. (2022). Assessing the Vulnerability of Rural Households to Floods at Pol-e Dokhtar Region in Iran. Sustainability, 14(2), 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020762
Calatayud , A., Canales , Á., Quispe , G., Chui, H., & Ramos, E. (2021). Impacto del turismo rural en el ingreso económico y la decisión de emigrar en la Comunidad de Llachón (Puno, Perú). AGER: Revista de Estudios sobre Despoblación y Desarrollo Rural (Journal of Depopulation and Rural Development Studies)(31), 7-42. https://doi.org/10.4422/ager.2021.06
Chen, K., Chen, Y., Long, H., & Li, N. (2024). How does land consolidation affect rural development transformation? Journal of Geographical Sciences, 34, 417-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-024-2211-5
Coley, R., Carey, N., Hwang, D., Spielvogel, B., & Henry, D. (2024). Racial Inequities in Educational Opportunity: Variation Across Socioeconomic Status. Race and Social Problems, 16(4), 414-432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-024-09415-z
Correa, J., Daidone, S., Davis, B., & Sitko, N. (2023). Social Protection and Rural Transformation in Africa. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 15(1), 305-327. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-101422-100158
De Janvry, A., Duquennois, C., & Sadoulet, E. (2020). Labor calendars and rural poverty: A case study for Malawi. Food Policy, 109, 102255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102255
Esquivel Sarceño , J. (2021). Análisis de condiciones socioeconómicas de desarrollo rural de dos comunidades del municipio El Chal, Petén, Guatemala. Horizonte De La Ciencia, 11(21), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.26490/uncp.horizonteciencia.2021.21.897
Florez Vaquiro, N. (2021). Pobreza, desigualdad y perfil sociodemográfico de los hogares rurales y agropecuarios en la región sur de México . EntreDiversidades, 8(1(16)), 36-63. https://doi.org/10.31644/ED.V8.N1.2021.A02
Fullerton, A., & Anderson , K. (2023). Ordered Regression Models: a Tutorial. Prevention Science, 24, 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01302-y
Ghosh, S., Doğan, B., Can, M., Shah, M., & Apergis, N. (2023). Does economic structure matter for income inequality? Quality & Quantity, 57, 2507–2527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01462-1
Gizaw, Z., Astale, T., & Kassie, G. (2022). What improves access to primary healthcare services in rural communities? A systematic review. BMC Primary Care, 23(313). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01919-0
Guamán-Rivera, S. (2022). Desarrollo de Políticas Agrarias y su Influencia en los Pequeños Agricultores Ecuatorianos. Revista Científica Zambos, 1(3), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.69484/rcz/v1/n3/30
Habib, N., Alauddin, M., Cramb, R., & Rankin, P. (2022). A differential analysis for men and women’s determinants of livelihood diversification in rural rain-fed region of Pakistan: An ordered logit model (OLOGIT) approach. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 5(1), 100257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100257
Hikmat. (2024). Social inequality and access to education:a literature review on the impact of social stratification on education in developing countries. Indonesian Journal of Studies on Humanities, Social Sciences and, 1(1), 59-67. https://ijhsed.com/index.php/a/article/view/24/25
Jackson, B. (2021). The Inequity of Educational Opportunity During an Epidemic. Postmodern Openings, 12(1), 319-327. https://lumenpublishing.com/journals/index.php/po/article/view/3807
Kareska, K. (2025). Analyzing the Impact of Cooperative Farming Models on Rural Economic Development. SSRN, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5127927
Lelisho, M., Wogi, A., & Tareke, S. (2022). Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis in Determining Factors Associated with Socioeconomic Status of Household in Tepi Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Scientific World Journal, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2415692
Lestari , P., Rachmansyah, A., Efani , A., & Pertiwi , M. (2024). Sustainability of Rural Road Development: A Case Study on Woro Village Kepohbaru District Bojonegoro Region. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 5(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v5i1.1278
Liu, Z. (2024). The Multi-dimensional Effect of Family Income on Opportunity Equality of Access to Higher Education in Japan. SHS Web of Conferences(190), 01023. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419001023
Mashanova, S., Kurmanova, G., & Urazova, B. (2023). Social protection of the population in rural areas. Bulletin of «Turan» University(4), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2023-1-4-233-246
Merino-Murillo , J., Mora-Alvarado , J., & Jiménez-Benítez , J. (2022). Emprendimiento de Comunidades Rurales y Desarrollo Local. Dominio De Las Ciencias, 8(1), 57-80. https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v8i1.2560
Morales, J., Martínez, M., & Gómez, D. (2022). Mujeres indígenas rurales y pobreza. Los impactos de las desventajas frente a los recursos. Culturales, 10(1), e649. https://doi.org/10.22234/recu.20221001.e649
Palmisano, F., Biagi, F., & Peragine, V. (2022). Inequality of Opportunity in Tertiary Education: Evidence from Europe. Research in Higher Education, 63(3), 514-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-021-09658-4
Patiño-Ramírez , S., & Valiente-Saldaña, Y. (2023). Identificación de factores que determinan el desarrollo rural en comunidades campesinas, 2018-2023: Revisión sistemática. Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria Koinonía, 8(1), 242-256. https://doi.org/10.35381/r.k.v8i1.2783
Ríos Obando, J., Angarita De La Cruz , B., Vargas Taborda , L., & Azcárate Serrano , J. (2023). Factores de movilidad social en un sector rural de Colombia. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, XXIX(1), 169-185. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i1.39744
Román-Montesdeoca, E., Licea-Resendiz, J., & Romero-Torres, F. (2020). Diversificación de ingresos de los productores como estrategias de desarrollo rural. Entramado, 16(2), 126-141. https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.6752
Ruja, I., Sumarmi, & Idris. (2024). Programs, Opportunities, and Challenges in Poverty Reduction: A Systematic Review. SAGE Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241256242
Sano, Y., Mammen, S., & Houghten, M. (2021). WellBeing and Stability among Lowincome Families: A 10Year Review of Research. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(Suppl 1), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09715-7
Sete Wereta, M., & Ahmed, M. (2024). Review on Social Protection Schemes in Rural Ethiopia. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 22(2), 182-197. https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.22.2.3
Sowl, S., Smith, R., & Brown, M. (2022). Rural College Graduates: Who Comes Home? Rural Sociology, 87(1), 303-329. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12416
Wan, G., Wang, C., Zhang, X., & Zuo, C. (2024). Income inequality effect of public utility infrastructure: Evidence from rural China. World Development, 179, 106594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106594
Xiong, M., Fan, J., Li, W., & Sheng Xian, B. (2022). Can China’s digital inclusive finance help rural revitalization? A perspective based on rural economic development and income disparity. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10:985620. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.985620
Yar, F., & Musadiq, M. (2024). The Role and Importance of Empowering Rural Communities for Rural Development in Afghanistan. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(11), 4961-4980. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i11.1786
Yu, Y., Appiah, D., Zulu, B., & Adu-Poku, K. (2024). Integrating Rural Development, Education, and Management: Challenges and Strategies. Sustainability, 16(15), 6474. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156474
Zhang, W. (2022). Social capital, income and subjective well-being: evidence in rural China. Heliyon, 8(1), e08705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08705
Zhang, Y. (2025). Family Income and Educational Opportunities: Analysing the Role of Socioeconomic Status in Access to Quality Education in China. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, 172(1), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754- 169/2025.22158
Zhao, W., Yin, C., Hua, T., Meadows, M., Li, Y., Liu, Y., . . . Fu, B. (2022). Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the post-pandemic era. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(258). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01283-5
Publicado
2026-06-03
Cómo citar
Meza Nieto, A. K., Moya Castillo, G. F., Zurita Vargas, S. X., & García García, M. D. (2026). Distribución del ingreso y desarrollo rural en el cantón Simón Bolívar. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 31(15), e31e1530. Recuperado a partir de http://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/45653
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