___________________________________________________________Revista Cientica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXI, N°4, 137 - 139, 2021
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other pathologies [4], which can take advantage of failures in the
immune system triggered by the disease.
The biochemical parameters altered in the blood test were:
increased bilirubin (0.81 mg·deciliter
-1
-dL-), alkaline phosphatase
(286 international units per litre -L-), urea (237.1 mg·dL
-1
) and
creatinine (1.72 mg·dL
-1
), demonstrating a hepatic and renal
impairment. As for hematological parameters, normocytic,
normocromic and non-regenerative anemia were observed, in
addition to thrombocytopenia. These ndings were similar to those
found by Torrecilha et al. [9] in which they studied the correlation
between peripheral parasitic load and clinical and laboratory
abnormalities in dogs with CVL, where they found alterations
in the hepatic and renal parameters of the dogs studied, and
non-regenerative anemia.
There are several techniques for the diagnosis of CVL, such
that the association between them provides a greater accuracy,
since there is no technique that alone can give a totally accurate
diagnosis of the disease [5]. The diagnosis was supported by
clinical and pathological ndings and validated by serological and
molecular techniques [4]. The rapid test for leishmaniasis (Alere
Leishmaniose Ac Test Kit®) is a good alternative for screening
patients, since it has a good specicity, however its sensitivity is
variable, being ideal to combine it with a more sensitive technique
like PCR.
As described previously, the animal came from the Municipality
of Votuporanga, located in the Northwest Region of the São Paulo
State, about 535 km from Guarulhos (FIG. 1). In this Region there is
a wide distribution of the L. longipalpis vector, and the Municipality
of Votuporanga was classied as an area of transmission of human
visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and CVL [2].
Studies have shown that HVL in the São Paulo State has
expanded over the (y) in the Northwest-Southeast direction towards
the Bauru Region, as a reection of the migration of workers from
other endemic regions of the Country. This expansion also had
as determinant factors the adaptation of the vector to the climatic
conditions, the migration of dogs from endemic to non-endemic
areas, as well as failures in vector control actions in the domestic
reservoirs [6, 7]. Another factor to consider is the possibility of
other vectors acting on the CVL and HVL transmission [3], in which
it was pointed out the sandy Pintomyia scheri as a potential
vector of L. infantum in the region of São Paulo, since this one
showed susceptibility to parasite development, although it has a
lower transmission capacity than L. longipalpis.
CONCLUSIONS
The increasing expansion of Leishmaniose in the São Paulo
State, the circulation of people and animals aected from endemic
to non-endemic areas, as well as factors favoring the presence
of the vector in the urban environment, such as deforestation,
presence of garbage and lack of sanitation, and as the possibility
of other vectors acting in the transmission of the disease, are
conditions for the leishmaniose to continue advancing, being
able to settle in non-endemic areas. State surveillance systems
are important in the sense of creating a network of information
about the quality of information and they are possible to generate
a connection between neighboring States to provide a strategic
government management to combat anthropozoonotic diseases.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thank Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education
Personnel (CAPES) and Maranhão Foundation for the Support of
Scientic and Technological Research and Development (FAPEMA),
Brazil.
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