https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34424
Received: 25/03/2024 Accepted: 20/05/2024 Published: 20/08/2024
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Revista Cientรญfica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34424
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the application and effects
of intratesticular use of a mixture containing vaseline and 30%
acetylsalicylic acid for chemical castration in male rats. Twentyโ€“eight
male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, sham,
vaseline, and vaseline + 30% salicylic acid mixture. The control group
(K) received no injection, the Sham group (S) was injected with 1 mL of
saline, the vaseline group (V) was injected with 1 mL of vaseline, and
the vaseline + acetylsalicylic acid group (V+ASA) was injected with
๎‡ ๎‰๎„‰๎๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎…˜๎„ด๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎‡ข๎‡Ÿ๎‰ฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ด๎…™๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎…™๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP=0.000) was determined between
the vaseline (V) and vaseline + acetylsalicylic acid (V+ASA) groups. The
Malondialdehyde (MDA) value of the vaseline group was found to be
๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎‡ข๎ˆ˜๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡ฆ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ง๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP=0.000)
compared to the other groups. In terms of glutathione (GSH) value, a
๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP<0.05) was observed in the V+ASA
group compared to the V and K groups. When comparing glutathione
peroxidase (GSHโ€“Px) levels. There was a significant difference
(P=0.013) between the vaseline (V) and control (K) groups. A statistically
๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP=0.046) was found between the vaseline (V)
and vaseline + acetylsalicylic acid (V+ASA) groups in terms of catalase
(CAT) activities. In terms of motility in spermatological examination,
it was determined that the vaseline (V) group had the lowest rate with
๎‡ ๎‡ ๎ˆ™๎‡ก๎‡ค๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡ข๎ˆ˜๎‡ ๎‡ฃ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎„๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP=0.001)
compared to the other three groups. The group with the highest sperm
concentration was K (82,000 ยฑ 6.60), while the lowest concentration
was observed in group V (27,600 ยฑ 3.54). The dead/viable ratio in semen
was found to be the lowest (7,200 ยฑ 2.03) in group K and the highest
(61,250 ยฑ 13.16) in group V. The highest rate and statistical difference
in a chromosome values were determined in the vaseline (V) group.
Histopathologically, the morphology of the testicular tubules was
impaired in the vaseline (V) and vaseline + acetylsalicylic acid (V+ASA)
groups, observed as degenerated and necrotic. Degenerated tubules
were observed, devoid of germinative epithelial cells and consisting
only of basal membrane. In conclusion, the castration process was
performed irreversibly in the vaseline (V) and vaseline + acetylsalicylic
acid (V+ASA) groups.
Key words: Chemical castration; vaseline; acetylsalicylic acid;
oxidative parameters; rat
RESUMEN
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la aplicaciรณn y los efectos del uso
intratesticular de una mezcla que contiene vaselina y รกcido acetilsalicรญlico
al 30% para la castraciรณn quรญmica en ratas macho. Veintiocho ratas Wistar
albinas macho se dividieron en cuatro grupos: control, simulado, vaselina
y mezcla de vaselina + รกcido salicรญlico al 30%. El grupo de control (K) no
recibiรณ ninguna inyecciรณn, al grupo simulado (S) se le inyectรณ 1 mL de
soluciรณn salina, al grupo de vaselina (V) se le inyectรณ 1 mL de vaselina, y al
grupo de vaselina + รกcido acetilsalicรญlico (V+ASA) se le inyectรณ 1 mL de una
mezcla que contenรญa รกcido acetilsalicรญlico al 30% y vaselina. Se determinรณ
๎„ท๎„Š๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP=0.000) entre los
grupos de vaselina (V) y vaselina + รกcido acetilsalicรญlico (V+ASA). El valor
de malondialdehรญdo (MDA) del grupo de vaselina fue encontrado mรกs
๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎‡ข๎ˆ˜๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡ฆ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ง๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ
(P=0.000) en comparaciรณn con los otros grupos. En tรฉrminos del valor
๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€บ๎ท๎€พ๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎„๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ
(P<0.05) en el grupo V+ASA en comparaciรณn con los grupos V y K. Al
comparar los niveles de glutatiรณn peroxidasa (GSHโ€“Px), se encontrรณ una
๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP=0.013) entre los grupos de vaselina
๎ˆง๎‚“๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎Ž๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ
(P=0.046) entre los grupos de vaselina (V) y vaselina + รกcido acetilsalicรญlico
(V+ASA) en tรฉrminos de actividades de catalasa (CAT). En tรฉrminos de
motilidad en el examen espermatolรณgico, se determinรณ que el grupo
de vaselina (V) tenรญa la tasa mรกs baja con 11,250 ยฑ 3.14, mostrando una
๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP=0.001) en comparaciรณn
con los otros tres grupos. El grupo con la mayor concentraciรณn de
esperma fue el grupo K (82,000 ยฑ 6.60), mientras que la concentraciรณn
mรกs baja se observรณ en el grupo V (27,600 ยฑ 3.54). La proporciรณn de
esperma muerto/viable en el semen se encontrรณ mรกs baja (7,200 ยฑ 2.03)
en el grupo K y mรกs alta (61,250 ยฑ 13.16) en el grupo V. La tasa mรกs alta y la
diferencia estadรญstica en los valores de un cromosoma se determinaron
en el grupo de vaselina (V). Histopatolรณgicamente, la morfologรญa de los
tรบbulos testiculares se vio afectada en los grupos de vaselina (V) y
vaselina + รกcido acetilsalicรญlico (V+ASA), observada como degenerada
y necrรณtica. Se observaron tรบbulos degenerados, desprovistos de cรฉlulas
epiteliales germinativas y compuestos solo por la membrana basal. En
conclusiรณn, el proceso de castraciรณn se realizรณ de manera irreversible
en los grupos de vaselina (V) y vaselina + รกcido acetilsalicรญlico (V+ASA).
Palabras clave: ๎€๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ช๎„ท๎ƒฒ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‚ฎ๎ƒ†๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎ƒฒ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎„๎ˆ›๎€ƒ
๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ฎ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎„ซ๎„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎…˜๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎…’๎„๎„ฎ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎‚ญ
Evaluation of the application and effects of intratesticular use of vaseline
and acetylsalicylic acid 30% + vaseline for chemical castration in male rats
Evaluaciรณn de la aplicaciรณn y efectos del uso intratesticular de vaselina y mezcla de รกcido
acetilsalicรญlico + vaselina al 30 % para ๎…ฅnes de castraciรณn quรญmica en ratas machos
Cafer Tayer ฤฐลŸler
1
* , Onur Bakฤฑr
2
, Ahmet Uyar
3
, Mehmet Gรผvenรง
4
, OฤŸuz Kaan Yalรงฤฑn
5
1
Mustafa Kemal รœniversity, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery. Tรผrkiye.
2
Phoenix petcare veterinary clinic. Ankara, Tรผrkiye.
3
Mustafa Kemal รœniversity, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Tรผrkiye.
4
Mustafa Kemal รœniversity, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tรผrkiye.
5
๎”๎„ท๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฅ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€น๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎…™๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ด๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎…™๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
*Corresponding author: cafer.isler@gmail.com
Chemical castration with use of vaseline and acethylsalicylic acid 30% + vaseline / ฤฐลŸler et al. _____________________________________
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INTRODUCTION
Street animals contribute to the emergence of undesirable
situations in public and public health [1, 2]. Studies on the sterilization
of pet animals continue to be relevant for animal health and welfare, as
well as for community health, peace, and human dignity [3]. Castration
has been considered the most effective method of controlling pet
populations from ancient times to the present [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. There are
many surgical and chemical sterilization technologies. For chemical
castration to be applied as an alternative to surgical sterilization, it
is required that the chemical be highly successful in the castration
process, have high safety, and exhibit a permanent and irreversible
effect with a single application [8, 9, 10].
๎€๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ท๎„ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„๎„‰๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„จ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒถ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎…ก๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎…ก๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…˜๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ช๎„ท๎ƒถ๎„จ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎ƒ†๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒฅ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…™๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎”๎‚ญ๎„Š๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„จ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€น๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ
example; In dogs (๎€๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„จ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒถ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒถ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎ƒ…๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎…˜๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎…™๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎„Š๎ƒถ๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎…ก๎„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„จ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎ˆฏ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฌ๎…™๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎…ก๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ11],
๎„ฎ๎„๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒถ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎…™๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ12, 13, 14๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…ก๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ15],
๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒถ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ16, 17, 18๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ƒ๎„๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒถ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ19], CaCl
2
[16๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„Š๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ20],
๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ21๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ด๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆงBos taurus๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎…˜๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ22๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆงRattus
rattus๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎…™๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ด๎„๎„Š๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒŒ๎ƒถ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ23, 24๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€น๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ท๎„ฎ),
๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒถ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ25, 26๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎„Š๎„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎•๎ƒ๎„๎…’๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…’๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎„๎„Š๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…ก๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ
[27๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎ƒ…๎ƒถ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆงLepus lepus๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ท๎„จ๎ƒถ๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎…™๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒถ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ
๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ28๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆงCapra aegagrus๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒถ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ25๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‰ฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎…™๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ด๎„๎„Š๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒŒ๎ƒถ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ˆซ29๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ
lambs (Ovis aries) [30๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎„Š๎„๎ƒ๎…™๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€ง๎„ช๎„ท๎„ท๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒถ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
[31], have been reported.
๎€„๎„ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ท๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎ƒถ๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
๎ƒถ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…“๎„๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ˆซ32, 33, 34๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ท๎„ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒถ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„จ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒHowever, the complications reported in these
๎„Š๎„๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„๎„ด๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ
purposes๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒถ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„๎„‰๎ƒถ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒถ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ƒถ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒถ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒถ๎„‰๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒถ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒถ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of vaseline
๎€น๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒพ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒพ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ
๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ท๎„ด๎„๎ƒ†๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎…™๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†onditions.
Preparation of vaseline + 30% Acetyl salicylic acid mixture
๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎„ด๎…™๎ˆญ๎…ฅ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ค๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ด๎…™๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎…™๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒพ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎…˜๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎…˜๎„ด๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ˆฏ๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒพ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ท๎„ด๎„๎ƒ†๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚€๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎…˜๎„ด๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ syringes.
Animal material
In the study; 28 Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) albino male rats, 8โ€“9
months old and with a live weight of 330โ€“440 g, obtained from HMKรœ
Experimental Animal Center, were used. Experimental applications were
carried out in accordance with the care and use conditions of laboratory
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎‡ ๎‡ก๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎ˆฏ๎‡ ๎‡ก๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡ ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‰ฐ๎€๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎…’๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
with standard commercial feed (pellet feed) and tap water ad libitum
๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…˜๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎„จ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎‡ฃ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ
๎‡ฆ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎…™๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎„จ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‡ง๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒฅ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€น๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎„๎„ซ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ…๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ท๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
before, during and after the procedure. After intratesticular injection,
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ…๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‡ง๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡ง
th
๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„จ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ
anesthesia and laboratory examinations began immediately.
The Control Group (C) underwent routine clinical examination
and was left in place without any injection. After routine clinical
examination, 1 mL isotonic (0.9% NaCl solution) was injected into each
testicle with a sterile syringe in the SHAM Group (S). vaseline Group (V);
After routine clinical examination, 1 mL of vaseline was injected into
each testicle under sedation. In the vaseline + 30% acetylsalicylic acid
Group (V+ASA), 1 mL vaseline + 30% acetylsalicylic acid was injected
into each testicle following the examination. Before intratesticular
๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚™๎…™๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎…ก๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ
๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฆ๎ˆก๎„๎ƒฆ
-1
. For three groups (excluding the K group), a prophylactic
antibiotic treatment was administered for 5 days. After the procedures,
individuals in all groups were macroscopically inspected for clinical
and scrotal changes using the inspection and palpation method on
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎ƒฅ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎…™๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒpetitions.
Completion of the Experimental Study
After all controls and measurements were conducted at the end
of the 8
th
๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ˆฉ๎„๎ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎‡ฅ๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฆ๎ˆก๎„๎ƒฆ
-1
IM)
๎‰Ž๎€ƒ๎…˜๎…™๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎…ก๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฆ๎ˆก๎„๎ƒฆ
-1
๎€ƒ๎๎”๎ˆจ๎ˆช๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎„๎„๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„จ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒ๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„จrocedures.
Laboratory analyses
Oxidative stress and antioxidant markers
๎”๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒฌ๎…™๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎”๎€ฃ๎€„๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„จ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€บ๎ท๎€พ๎ˆจ๎€ƒ
levels and catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH.Px) enzyme
activity measurements were performed of the testis tissues obtained
after the experimental procedure. MDA level was measured according
๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ซ๎‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ. [35], and GSH level was determined
๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ†๎„๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ˆซ36]. GSH.
๎ฑ๎…˜๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎…ก๎…™๎„‰๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ†๎„๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ๎๎‚ญ๎…“๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…˜๎„จ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚€๎ˆก๎ƒฆ
-1
protein [37].
CAT enzyme activity was measured according to Aebiโ€™s method and
results were given as g protein [38].
Spermatozoa analysis
The spermatozoa were examined using the procedure described the
๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒet al. [39] ended of the 8
th
๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„๎…ก๎„๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„จ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎…™๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ
hemocytometry. Spermatozoa motility was measured using freshly
isolated left caudal epididymis tissue. A phaseโ€“contrast microscope
๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎‡ข๎‡ฆ๎‰ฐ๎€๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎€ƒ
๎„‰๎„๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎•๎ƒฐ๎„๎„๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ˆฏ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚€๎ท๎€„๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎ˆฏ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„๎…ก๎„๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
with eosinโ€“nigrosine (1.67% eosin, 10% nigrosine, and 0.1 M sodium
๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„๎ƒ†๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
of morphologically abnormal sperm. The slides were then examined
๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„จ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‡ฃ๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎‰๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‡ฃ๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ
sperm were evaluated, and overall spermatozoa abnormality rates
were represented as a percentage.
A B
C D
FIGURE 1. Clinical ๎ข‰ndings after injection: multicystic structures in the testicles (A
and B); bruising in the testicle (C and D); Draining vaseline from cystic formation
_____________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34424
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Histopathological examination
Testicular tissues were collected after the orchiectomy and
preserved in a 10% buffered formaldehyde solution for 48 h. Tissue
samples were dehydrated through alcohol series (70%, 80%, 90%,
100%), and they were then cleared in a xylol series before being
๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒ†๎„๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„ด๎„๎„‰๎ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‡ฃ๎ˆฏ๎‡ค๎€ƒฮผm
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„ซ๎„๎„‰๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒ†๎„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ด๎”๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡ ๎‡ข๎‡ค๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚€๎ท๎€„๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ˆธ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
testicular tissue samples were stained with hematoxylinโ€“eosin and
the appearance of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules
๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„จ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎š๎„ƒ๎…™๎„‰๎„จ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎€๎‚™๎‡ก๎‡ ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„๎„๎…™๎„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„จ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ด๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎ƒฌ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎š๎„ƒ๎…™๎„‰๎„จ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ฑ๎‡ ๎‡ก๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎ฝ๎„๎„๎…™๎„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„จ๎„ฎ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„Šique [40].
Hormone Analyses
FSH, LH and Testosterone levels were determined by analyzing in
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€œ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎๎ฝ๎€ฃ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ฝ๎๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎„๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎…™๎ƒ๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎„๎„‰๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎ด๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎…™๎ƒ๎ˆจ
Statistical analysis
๎ท๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎„๎ˆฏ๎‚”๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎…™๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎„Š๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ…๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎„Š๎ƒ๎ˆฏ๎…“๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎…™๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€„๎•๎š๎‚“๎€„๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ท๎„๎ƒ๎…™๎ˆธ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ
the differences between groups. IBM SPSS version 23.0 software
was used for statistical analysis, and the results as P<0.05 were
๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…˜๎„จ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
as mean and standard error of the mean (ยฑ S.E.M.).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Clinical Findings
All groups were healthy before the procedure, and no changes in
๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒŒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ
๎ƒ†๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎…™๎„‰๎„จ๎„ด๎„๎„‰๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
postโ€“intratesticular injection period, individuals in all groups (except
the K group) exhibited testicular edema and color changes in the
๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„ซ๎„๎„‰๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎„ท๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ
change (bruising) in the swollen area became fully apparent on the
3
rd
๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒฅ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎„ท๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ
the scrotum, did not cover the entire scrotum, and did not reach the
๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ท๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡ฆ
th
d of the application, it was determined that
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎„ท๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎„จ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ด๎„ท๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
to its previous healthy state.
In addition to these clinical signs, only in the V and V+K groups,
small masses ranging from the size of a small lentil to that of a large
๎„๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€น๎๎€บ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎…™๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
did not restrict the movement of the animals and did not cause pain.
Cysts were found in some animals as single masses, while others had
two or three. For the larger masses, a diagnosis of vaseline cyst was
๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎…ฅ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ…๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎•๎„๎€ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
smaller cysts that did not bother the subjects. Upon autopsy, it was
determined that all masses were vaseline cysts.
๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡ง๎ˆฏ๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
๎ƒ…๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
in any group of animals. The wellโ€“being of the animals was deemed
intact, and no signs of infection were noted.
๎š๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„‰๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ
the dog population and stray dogs. This pet population, which cannot
๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ…๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎…™๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ
being vaccinated, is a very important potential danger to both human
and animal health in terms of zoonotic diseases [33, 34]. To date,
worldwide castration is almost the only method for animal center control
[33๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒŒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
in the castration process [20, 41]. Surgical sterilization methods require
๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ช๎„ท๎ƒฐ๎„จ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…˜๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎„๎„Š๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
adequate postโ€“operative care conditions, and inadequate conditions
can even cost the lives of animals due to infection [8].
In the literature; solutions containing the active ingredient
methallibure, dexamethasone, metopyrone, niridazole, alphaโ€“
chlorohydrin or danazol [11], glycerol and ethanol [12, 14, 41], zinc
gluconateโ€“based a solution [15], calcium chloride [16, 17, 18, 24], clove
oil [19], CaCl
2
salt [16], Tannic acid [20], lidocaine [21], chlorhexidine in
cattle [22], hypertonic sodium chloride [23], calcium chloride in cats
[15, 42], zinc gluconate in bears [27], bupivacaine hydrochloride and
calcium chloride in rabbits [28], calcium chloride in goats [25], 20%
hypertonic sodium chloride solution in rats [29], cadmium chloride
in lambs [42๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎„Š๎„๎ƒ๎…™๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ31], Ligature castration
has been reported [41]. Calcium chloride cannot be considered an
alternative method to surgical castration. It has been reported that
more research is necessary to discover other chemical sterilants with
fewer complications and higher effectiveness [3, 31].
However; It has been reported that chemical castration causes
aseptic inflammation in the testicular parenchyma, disrupts
testicular function and achieves the purpose of castration, but
although Although it is an effective method, side effects such as
muscle wasting, anemia, osteoporosis and depression have been
reported [43]. It has been reported in the literatรผre that intratesticular
injections of more than 75 IU cause granulomatous reactions [38,
39], local or systemic reactions, scrotal ulceration or dermatitis
occur [8, 46, 47]; biting of the scrotum by the subject, preputial
TABLE I
Serum FSH, LH, and Testosterone Levels (Data presented as mean ยฑ SEM)
Group /
Parameter
FSH (mIUยทmL
-1
) LH (mIUยทmL
-1
)
Testosteron
(ngยทmL
-1
)
K 4.724 ยฑ 0.546 30.162 ยฑ 2.97 10.690 ยฑ 0.67
b
S 4.168 ยฑ 0.389 31.868 ยฑ 1.22 10.858 ยฑ 0.58
b
V 3.563 ยฑ 0.230 28.726 ยฑ 1.93 1.927 ยฑ 0.20
a
V+ASA 4.571 ยฑ 0.53 29.428 ยฑ 2.56 7.572 ยฑ 0.21
c
Signi๎ข‰cance 0.238 0.850 0.000
Di๎ข†erent letters in the columns indicate statistically signi๎ข‰cant di๎ข†erences. K: control
group, S: SHAM group, V: vaseline group, V+ASA: acetylsalicylic acid group
Chemical castration with use of vaseline and acethylsalicylic acid 30% + vaseline / ฤฐลŸler et al. _____________________________________
4 of 10
๎„ฎ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…’๎„๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ซ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ท๎„๎„๎ƒ†๎…™๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
occur [8]. In the literatures, no information has been found regarding
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„จ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎„ท๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎€ƒ
demonstrated the originality and uniqueness of our approach by
achieving successful results with intratesticular administration of
V and V+ASA for castration purposes. The most practical and ideal
agent for castration has been determined as vaseline. Because,
vaseline has been evaluated both the most economical chemical
agent applied up to our time, and no reaction other than local
reactions (edema, discoloration, sebaceous cyst) lasting three to
four days has been observed in animals. In this study, it has been
determined that intratesticular injection of V and V+ASA is a method
that nonโ€“invasive, most suitable, most economical, most humane,
most practical, widely applicable, and minimally complicated. It is
thought that this technique can be used practically by veterinarians
to provide a permanent solution to the problem of stray animals.
Immunocastration is considered the best alternative technique
๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ซ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎„๎…“๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„Š๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„ช๎„ท๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎„๎„ด๎„ซ๎„๎„จ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆฏ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€บ๎„Š๎ด๎€พ๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
androgens, progestagens, anabolic steroids, and antiandrogen
antagonists are used for castration purposes. However, the castration
effect of these hormones is temporary and therefore they need to
be repeated regularly [43]. There are numerous disadvantages to
this repeated regular application: It is not costโ€“effective to apply
๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎…“๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„จ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎„จ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
negative side effects on animal health, such as obesity and immune
๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„จ๎„จ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎…“๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎…จ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
serious economic problems such as veterinary fees and medication
costs. Furthermore, both the owner and the animal suffer physically
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ฎ๎…™๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎€ƒ
this study, none of the mentioned disadvantages occurred. In this
study found that the application of V and V+ASA resulted in irreversible
๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†astration.
Serum FSH, LH, and Testosterone levels obtained from biochemical
analyses were evaluated. It was observed that the lowest levels of
FSH, LH, and Testosterone occurred in Group V, and vaseline alone
could achieve the desired castration effect. Although the castration
effect of Group V+ASA was fully shaped as in Group V, hormone levels
were found to be slightly higher compared to Group V and closer to
the values of Groups K and S. Despite the determination that the
๎„ƒ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€น๎ท๎€พ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎๎€พ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ
๎‚“๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ
(P๎‰”๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ค๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ด๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ดhe groups.
It was determined that there was no statistically significant
difference in testosterone levels between Groups S and K (P>0.05).
๎€พ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ
was found compared to all other groups (P=0.000). The group with
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆ˜๎‡จ๎‡ก๎‡ฆ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ด๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
are presented in TABLE I.
Intratesticular injection of glycerin and ethanol affects testosterone
and spermatozoon levels and increases the pathology of spermatozoa.
Intratesticular injection of zinc gluconate causes azoospermia and
infertility [9, 46, 47๎ˆฌ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„Š๎ด๎€พ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ
steroids, and antiandrogen antagonists have been used, but the
castration effect of these hormones is temporary and requires
periodic application [14, 48,], Intratesticular injection of glycerin and
ethanol affects testosterone and spermatozoon levels and increases
the pathology of spermatozoa [12, 14].
In this study, it was determined that singleโ€“dose use of V and V+ASA
leads to irreversible azoospermia and infertility, without causing the
๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎…“๎ƒ…๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ
tubules were permanently damaged by V usage. The most effective
results were obtained in terms of motility, density, acrosome integrity,
dead/live ratio, testosterone levels, and sperm pathology. It has been
reported that the serum concentrations of LH and FSH are higher,
while testosterone hormone concentrations are lower in castrated
rats following surgical procedures [49, 50๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎‚ญ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒet al. [51] have
reported that the cessation of spermatogenesis occurs as a result of
necrosis in the seminiferous tubules, and due to the nonโ€“functioning of
Leydig cells, testosterone levels decrease. Similarly, in the histological
๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ท๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
lysed nearly all seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells, eradicating
Leydig and seminiferous tubules, and reducing testosterone levels.
In this study, FSH and LH levels with vaseline in chemical castration
showed values of FSH 3.563 ยฑ 0.230, LH 28.726 ยฑ 1.93, which were close
๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„ซ๎„๎„‰๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
However, testosterone levels were determined to be at the lowest
๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎ˆ˜๎‡จ๎‡ก๎‡ฆ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎„๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
in testosterone levels similar to surgical castration, indicating its
effect similar to surgical castration and being more effective than
many chemical agents. The low testosterone levels indicate that the
animal may not exhibit reproductive and masculine behaviors.
Testis, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels,
glutathione peroxidase (GSHโ€“Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were
evaluated. The MDA value of Group V (3.197 ยฑ 0.08) was found to be
๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
were observed compared to the other groups (P=0.000).
๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎”๎€ฃ๎€„๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
among the K, S, and V+ASA groups (P>0.05). Except for the V group,
the MDA values of the other three groups were very close to each
other (approximately 2.5 nmolยทprot
-1
).
When comparing GSH levels, the GSH levels of the V+ASA group
๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
(P<0.05). The GSH levels of the V group, on the other hand, were
๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆงP=0.001),
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ด๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
S groups for the V group (P=0.001). The highest GSH value was found
in the V+ASA group (1.814 ยฑ 0.10). In the comparison of glutathione
TABLE II
Testicular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione
(GSH), and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSHโ€“Px)
and catalase (CAT) (Data presented as mean ยฑ SEM)
Group /
Parameter
MDA
(nmolยทg prot
-1
)
GSH
(nmolยทg prot
-1
)
GSH.Px
(IUยทg prot
-1
)
CAT
(kยทg prot
-1
)
K 2.528 ยฑ 0.14
a
1.398 ยฑ 0.10
ab
13.629 ยฑ 0.73
b
22.707 ยฑ 1.27
ab
S 2.459 ยฑ 0.11
a
1.645 ยฑ 0.06
bc
10.423 ยฑ 0.73
ab
21.666 ยฑ 0.49
ab
V 3.197 ยฑ 0.08
b
1.320 ยฑ 0.06
a
9.211 ยฑ 0.98
a
21.100 ยฑ 1.74
a
V+ASA 2.544 ยฑ 0.08
a
1.814 ยฑ 0.10
c
12.195 ยฑ 0.96
ab
27.683 ยฑ 2.63
b
Signi๎ข‰cance 0.000 0.001 0.013 0.046
Di๎ข†erent letters in the columns indicate statistically signi๎ข‰cant di๎ข†erences. K: control
group, S: SHAM group, V: vaseline group, V+ASA: acetylsalicylic acid group
TABLE III
Spermatological Parameters (Data are given as Mean ยฑ SE)
Group /
Parameter
Motility
(%)
Density
(million / right
cauda epididymis)
Dead/Live
(%)
Acrosome
(%)
K 80.00 ยฑ 3.16
c
82.00 ยฑ 6.60
c
7.20 ยฑ 2.03
a
8.40 ยฑ 1.02
a
S 55.00 ยฑ 2.23
b
9.20 ยฑ 7.90
b
22.20 ยฑ 1.35
ab
9.43 ยฑ 2.202
a
V 11.25 ยฑ 3.14
a
27.60 ยฑ 3.54
a
61.25 ยฑ 13.16
c
17.00 ยฑ 1.67
b
V+ASA 34.29 ยฑ 8.41
b
46.20 ยฑ 3.99
b
45.80 ยฑ 11.86
bc
9.88 ยฑ 1.51
a
Signi๎ข‰cance 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.019
Di๎ข†erent letters in the columns indicate statistically signi๎ข‰cant di๎ข†erences. K: control
group, S: SHAM group, V: vaseline group, V+ASA: acetylsalicylic acid group
_____________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34424
5 of 10
๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€บ๎ท๎€พ๎ˆฏ๎ฑ๎…˜๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
among the V, V+ASA, and S groups (P๎‰”๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ค๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ
between the S and K groups could not be determined (P>0.05). The
lowest value of GSHโ€“Px was observed in the V group (9.211 ยฑ 0.98).
๎‚”๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€๎€„๎ฝ๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ
difference was found between the V+ASA group (P=0.046), while no
๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ท๎„ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
groups. The highest CAT value was determined in the V+ASA group
at 27.683 ยฑ 2.63. Group values are displayed in TABLE II.
Spermatological ๎…ฅndings
Values examined in the statistical analysis of spermatological
parameters (Motility, Density, Dead/Live ratio, Acrosome) were
evaluated for differences between groups. In the evaluation of
spermatological motility, the lowest motility value was observed
in Group V (11.25 ยฑ 3,14), while the highest value was found in Group
๎Ž๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎‡ง๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ™๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡ข๎ˆ™๎‡ ๎‡ฅ๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ด๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ท๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎€ƒ๎ˆงP>0.05), a statistically
๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ด๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
and V+ASA (P๎‰’๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ
was found between both V and K groups and other groups (P=0.000).
However, no difference was found between S and V+ASA groups
(P>0.05). The group with the highest sperm density was Group K
(82.00 ยฑ 6.60), and the group with the lowest sperm concentration was
Group V (27.60 ยฑ 3.54) (TABLE III). The dead/live ratio in sperm was
determined to be the lowest in Group K and the highest in Group V.
Statistically, although there is a noticeable increase in dead cells
within both Group K and Group S, as well as between Groups S and
๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ
was found (P๎‰”๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ค๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ
was determined compared to groups K and S (P<0.05) (TABLE III).
Although there is a mathematical difference in the V and V+ASA
groups, there is no statistical difference. The lowest dead/live sperm
ratio was determined in group K (7.20 ยฑ 2.03), and the highest was
determined in group V (61.25 ยฑ 13.16). When the achromosome value
in sperm is examined; While the highest value was determined in
group V, the values were determined to be close to each other in the
๎„๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
between group V and other groups (P<0.019). No difference was found
between S, K, V+ASA groups (P>0.05), (TABLE IV). While the highest
number of achromosomes was seen in group V (17.00 ยฑ 1.67) and the
least in group K (8.40 ยฑ 1.02), they were determined close to each other
in other groups. Group V, which had the highest achromosome ratio,
was considered successful. Group values are shown in TABLE III.
Intratesticular injection of chemical substances such as zinc
gluconate causes infertility by causing azoospermia [8, 47, 48]. It
๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„Š๎ด๎€พ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ
steroids, and antiandrogen antagonists are preferably used to
induce azoospermia for the purpose of castration. However, since
the castration effect of these hormones is temporary, the application
must be repeated periodically. It has been reported that intratesticular
injection of glycerol and ethanol for the purpose of castration
is highly effective in reducing testosterone and spermatozoa
๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒŒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎š๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ†๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ
intraoperative oxidative stress for improve postoperative prognosis,
๎ƒฌ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎„ท๎…จ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒฆ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
parameters related to castration surgery [50]. Malondialdehyde is
๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„‰๎„‰๎„๎„Š๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒฐ๎„๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ
it has been observed that both before castration and up to the 3
rd
day after castration, dogs have low antioxidant capacities. This
indicates that the animals are not under oxidative stress and that
their antioxidant systems are effective [33]. Limited studies have
been found on the effects of castration on MDA, GSH, GSH Px, and CAT
values, the increase in these values compared to the control group
is due to castration. The MDA value in the vaseline group is relatively
higher compared to the other groups (3.197 ยฑ 0.08), while the values
among the other groups were determined to be close to each other
(approximately 2.5 nmolยทprot
-1
๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ
difference (P>0.05) between the K, S, and V+ASA groups in the study,
for this reason, it was determined that the antioxidant systems in the
animals were effective and there was no stress.
They reported MDA levels of 4.02 ยฑ 0.31, GSH levels of 0.66 ยฑ 0.08,
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ท๎€พ๎ˆฏ๎ฑ๎‚™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‡ฃ๎‡จ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡ค๎ˆ˜๎‡ค๎‡Ÿ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
orchiectomy. They found that these values were higher in castrated
rats compared to rats undergoing vasectomy [49, 51]. In this study, in
the group castrated chemically with vaseline, they determined MDA
๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡ข๎ˆ˜๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡ฆ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ง๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ท๎€พ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎ˆ˜๎‡ข๎‡ก๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ฅ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ท๎€พ๎ˆฏ๎ฑ๎‚™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
to be 9.21 ยฑ 0.98. In the group treated with vaseline+acetylsalicylic
acid, they found MDA levels to be 2.544 ยฑ 0.08, GSH levels to be
๎‡ ๎ˆ˜๎‡ง๎‡ ๎‡ฃ๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ท๎€พ๎ˆฏ๎ฑ๎‚™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ก๎ˆ˜๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡ค๎€ƒ๎‰˜๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡จ๎‡ฅ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎„ท๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
lower antioxidant levels in both groups compared to operative
castration were evaluated positively in terms of animal welfare.
FIGURE 2. a: Normal macroscopic appearance of the testis of group K rat. b: Normal
macroscopic appearance of the testis of group S rat. c: Macroscopic appearance of
the parenchymal part of the testis of the V group rat, almost entirely ๎ข‰lled with
a necrotic mass, similar to the V+ASA group. d: Macroscopic view of almost the
entire parenchymal part of the testis of the V+ASA group ๎ข‰lled with a necrotic mass
Chemical castration with use of vaseline and acethylsalicylic acid 30% + vaseline / ฤฐลŸler et al. _____________________________________
6 of 10
spermatozoa pathology [13, 14, 49]. In our study, we found that
singleโ€“dose usage of vaseline (V) and vaseline with acetylsalicylic
acid (V+ASA) leads to irreversible azoospermia and infertility. We
observed no reported adverse effects similar to those associated
with the use of androgens, progestagens, anabolic steroids, and
antiandrogen antagonists. Particularly, vaseline was found to be highly
๎ƒ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ
spermatozoa pathology. We also determined that intratesticular
application of vaseline achieves the desired success in motility,
density, acrosome integrity, and dead/live ratio of spermatozoa.
Histologically, it has been determined that tubules are permanently
destroyed, leading to permanent infertility. The decrease in sperm
density was evaluated as a success of castration. In group V, the
๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒproduction
Histopathological macroscopic ๎…ฅndings
No pathological macroscopic findings were observed in the
examination of the testicles of group K and S rats. Both the V+ASA
group and the V group exhibited areas in the parenchymal part of
the rat testes. Some of these areas were visible through the tunica
๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ท๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎„จ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฅ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ท๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎…“๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„จ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎„จ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ
to the study groups is presented in FIG. 2 according to the groups.
In the testicular tissues of rats in Group S, the basal membrane of
the tubules appears normal. The histological structure is similar to the
control group, with the germinal layer in the tubular wall consisting of
spermatogenic cell series such as spermatogonia, spermatocytes,
and spermatids, along with the supporting Sertoli cells and Leydig
cells in the interstitial area and spermatogenesis continued normally.
In the microscopic examination of the testes of the rats in the V+ASA
group, it was observed that the majority of the tubules were degenerated
and necrotic, and their morphology was disrupted. It was observed that
there were no germinative epithelial cells in the majority of degenerate
and necrotic tubules, and these tubules consisted of only the basement
๎„‰๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒ…๎„ท๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
mature or necrotic mass had replaced germinal cells, and spermatognesis
๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„จ๎„จ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎…ฆ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„๎„ซ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
detected in the interstitial area, and it was observed that the vascular
structures in these areas underwent dilation, leading to congestion.
๎๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ท๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
several times compared to the control group due to inflammatory
reaction and edema. In Group V; It was observed that the majority of
the tubules in the testes of the rats were degenerated and necrotic,
with deteriorated morphology. In the majority of degenerate tubules,
it was observed that there were no germinal epithelial cells, or only
singleโ€“tubule spermatogonia forming the stem cells, but the tubules
were largely composed only of the basal membrane. It was determined
that spermatognesis was largely absent. The microscopic views of the
testes of rats belonging to the vaseline group are presented in FIG. 3.
Johnsen testicular biopsy score
๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„จ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„ซ๎„๎„‰๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
according to the hematoxylinโ€“eosin technique and the averages of the
๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„จ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„จ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ†๎„๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎„๎ƒฌ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ
testicular biopsy score criteria are presented in FIG. 4. According to
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎„๎ƒฌ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒฐ๎„๎„จ๎„ฎ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
group S were similar (P๎‰–๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ค๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚”๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‰Ž๎€„๎ท๎€„๎€ƒ
group (P๎‰—๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎€ƒ
compared to the Control group (P๎‰—๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
V+ASA group and the vaseline group were statistically similar (P๎‰–๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡Ÿ๎‡ค๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜
It has been stated that histopathological damage and atrophy occur
in the testes after intratesticular administration. Additionally, the
structures of seminiferous tubules are disrupted, degeneration and
necrosis occur in germinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, degenerate
and multinucleated giant cells are observed in the lumen of the tubules
[1, 3, 12, 31, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒ…๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎„๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„๎…’๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„ท๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎€ƒ
๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒŒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎…’๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎…™๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
regarding the tunica albuginea, in this study, it was observed that in
๎ƒ…๎„๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎„ดrol group.
CONCLUSIONS
As a result, in recent years, various studies have been conducted
to develop a chemical sterilization method that could serve as a
better alternative to surgical castration. V and V+ASA have not been
previously used for chemical castration purposes. V and V+ASA were
completely successful (100%) in the chemical castration procedure.
However, all expected outcomes of castration were achieved in the
Histopathological microscopic ๎…ฅndings
In the testicular tissues of rats in group K, the basement membrane,
germinative epithelium of the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells,
and Leydig cells in the interstitial area were observed in their normal
histological structures.
FIGURE 3. (a, b): Appearance of the normal histological structure of the testicular tissue of the Control group. H.E.; (c, d): Appearance of the normal histological structure of the
testicular tissue of the Sham group. H.E.; (e): The microscopic appearance of testicular tissue belonging to group V+ASA with degenerative and necrotic changes and calci๎ข‰cation.
H.E. (f): The close microscopic view of completely distorted, degenerated, and calci๎ข‰ed seminiferous tubules with vacuoles of varying sizes in the testicular tissue of the V+ASA
group. H.E. (g): Microscopic view of the thickened tunica albuginea in the testicular tissue of group V+ASA similar to V group. H.E.; (h). Microscopic view of degenerated and
calci๎ข‰ed seminiferous tubules with completely distorted morphology in the testicular tissue belonging to the V group. H.E.; (i): The close microscopic view of pycnoticโ€“nuclei
germinal cells and Leydig cells in the testicular tissue of the V group, along with partially fewer vacuoles of varying sizes within these cells. H.E.(a, c, e, g, h: 10ร—; b, d, f, i: 40ร—)
Figure 4. Evaluation of testicles according to Johnsen scores after hematoxylinโ€“
eosin staining. V+ASA: acetylsalicylic acid group
_____________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34424
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study. Therefore, it has been considered as an original, innovative,
and successful study.
Acknowledgments
๎‚”๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎€œ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎๎ฝ๎€ฃ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ฝ๎๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎„๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎…™๎ƒ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ
their support in the realization of this study.
๎๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„ซ๎„๎„‰๎€ƒ๎š๎„Š๎„ท๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒฑ๎„ซ๎ˆพ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ˆพ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒsame name.
Availability of data and materials
๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„จ๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ
request from the corresponding aut๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€๎ฝ๎…๎ˆจ๎ˆ˜
Con๎…ฆict interests statement
๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„Š๎…ฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒinterests.
Chemical castration with use of vaseline and acethylsalicylic acid 30% + vaseline / ฤฐลŸler et al. _____________________________________
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Informed consent
It is declared that this study, Permission for the study was received
from HMKรœ Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee with the
decision dated 21/01/2022 and numbered 127149.
BIBLIOGRAPHICS REFERENCES
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๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎€พ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ข๎‚ญ๎ƒฅ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ด๎‚“๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ด๎„๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„ท๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
๎ด๎€œ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€œ๎„ซ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎”๎€„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎•๎ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ซ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ
evidence and importance of adequate nutritional management.
๎•๎„ท๎„ด๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎…’๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ข๎‡ข๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ ๎‡ข๎‡ฃ๎ˆฏ๎‡ ๎‡ฃ๎‡ฃ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://doi.
org/gnb24h
๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎Œ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎Ž๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎„Š๎ˆฏ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
sterilization of male cats with single intraโ€“testicular injection
๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎”๎€๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ฆ๎ˆง๎‡ข๎‡จ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ ๎ˆฏ๎‡ ๎‡ค๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
doi: https://doi.org/fdbmnx
๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎Ž๎€พ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ฑ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ
of postoperative complications in healthy dogs undergoing open
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ƒ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„๎„‰๎…™๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎ท๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ฃ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ
55(10):521โ€“526. doi: https://doi.org/gt56x5
๎ˆซ๎‡ค๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€ง๎„ƒ๎ˆฏ๎‚”๎‚ญ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ด๎€ง๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„ด๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎€„๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒ…๎„ท๎ˆฏ๎€„๎ƒฌ๎„‰๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎ƒฌ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎€„๎ท๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
Evaluation of pinhole castration technique compared with
๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…˜๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
[Internet]. 2014; 42(1):90โ€“98. doi: https://doi.org/gt564q
๎ˆซ๎‡ฅ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€บ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒ‘๎„ซ๎ƒ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎€บ๎€ง๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎€„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
Effects of surgical and chemical sterilization on the behavior
of freeโ€“roaming male dogs in Puerto Natales, Chile. Prev. Vet.
Med. [Internet]. 2016; 123:106โ€“120. doi: https://doi.org/f7979t
๎ˆซ๎‡ฆ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ฝ๎ƒ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„˜๎„จ๎ƒ๎„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎…™๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎๎ˆš๎€ƒ
๎€๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎…™๎„๎„Š๎„ท๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„๎€ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…™๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฑ๎„Š๎ƒฑ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒง๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ
๎ˆซ๎€๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎€ง๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„๎€ƒ
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ƒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎€ƒ๎€น๎‚ญ๎„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡จ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡จ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ค๎‡ค๎ˆฏ๎‡ฅ๎‡ค๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎ฝ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://doi.org/gt56x6
๎ˆซ๎‡ง๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€œ๎‚ญ๎„ฑ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„จ๎„๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎„๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡จ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ก๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡ข๎ˆฌ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ข๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ค๎ˆฏ๎‡จ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
Available in: https://goo.su/nvT9H
๎ˆซ๎‡จ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€œ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ข๎…ก๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ฑ๎€ƒ๎ข๎€œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€„๎…๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„˜๎„จ๎ƒ๎„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎ข๎„Š๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎ฑ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎€น๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎”๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎…™๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎Ž๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€บ๎…™๎„Š๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆฏ๎ท๎„จ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„๎„จ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ฅ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ก๎€ƒ๎€น๎ƒ๎ƒ…๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎ˆง๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡จ๎ˆฏ๎‡ ๎‡ง๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://
goo.su/nShwG2Y
[10] Fesseha H. Nonโ€“Surgical Sterilization methods in male animals:
๎€„๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎…“๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎„จ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡จ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ฃ๎ˆง๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ฃ๎‡จ๎ˆฏ๎‡ค๎‡ฅ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒ
https://doi.org/gt56x7
[11] Dixit VP. Chemical sterilization of male dogs (Canis familiaris)
after single intratesticular administration of methalibure (ICIโ€“
33828), dexamethasone, metoprion (SUโ€“4885, Ciba), niridazole
(33644โ€“Ba, Ciba) alphaโ€“chlorohydrin (Uโ€“5897) and danazol. Indian
๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎…˜๎„จ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡ฆ๎‡จ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ฆ๎ˆง๎‡จ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡จ๎‡ข๎‡ฆ๎ˆฏ๎‡จ๎‡ฃ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎”๎๎€ฃ๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎‡ค๎‡ฃ๎‡ฃ๎‡ฃ๎‡ฆ๎‡ ๎ˆ˜
๎ˆซ๎‡ ๎‡ก๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€„๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎๎•๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚“๎…ซ๎‚ญ๎…™๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
๎€„๎ƒŒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎š๎„จ๎ƒฐ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎•๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„๎…˜๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆฏ๎€„๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ด๎…™๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ˆฏ๎€ƒ
๎€ง๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„๎„ซ๎„จ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎„‰๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒฌ๎…™๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡จ๎‡ง๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡ก๎€ƒ๎€น๎ƒ๎ƒ…๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
2024]; 42(1):107โ€“112. Available in: ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒฆ๎„๎„๎ˆ˜๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ˆฅ๎‡ค๎‡ค๎ƒ…๎Œ๎‚š๎…’๎„ท
๎ˆซ๎‡ ๎‡ข๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€บ๎„ผ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎ƒง๎„ƒ๎ƒฑ๎…™๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚š๎‚ญ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎„˜๎„Š๎„‰๎ƒ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎„๎„˜๎„จ๎ƒ๎„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„ผ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚€๎…™๎ƒฆ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฑ๎„Š๎ƒฑ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ƒฑ๎„ฎ๎ƒฑ๎„ซ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฑ๎„ด๎ƒฑ๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎€ƒ
๎„ผ๎…ก๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„ด๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ฑ๎ƒฑ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฑ๎„ด๎ƒฑ๎„ซ๎ƒฑ๎„ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒฑ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎€๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎„๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
of Intratesticular Glycerol and Ethanol Injections on Sterilization
๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎”๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎‡ฃ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ก๎€ƒ
๎€น๎ƒ๎ƒ…๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆฏ๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ค๎‡ค๎ˆฏ๎‡ฅ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://goo.
๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ˆฅ๎‡ฃ๎Œ๎…’๎‚€๎„๎ƒŒ
๎ˆซ๎‡ ๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ท๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎„ท๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎„ด๎€ƒ๎€น๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚”๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎๎„‰๎„จ๎ƒฅ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„Š๎ด๎€พ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€œ๎„๎„จ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎‰ฎ๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ผ๎„Š๎„Š๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ท๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ด๎‚ผ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎Ž๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ…๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎€ง๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎€ƒ
๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„Š๎ด๎€พ๎€ƒ๎ˆง๎€œ๎„๎„จ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎‰ฎ๎ˆจ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ท๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒฅ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎…“๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ค๎‡ก๎ˆง๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ฃ๎‡ค๎‡จ๎ˆฏ๎‡ฃ๎‡ฅ๎‡จ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
German. doi: https://doi.org/cxd638
๎ˆซ๎‡ ๎‡ค๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„จ๎„๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ผ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€œ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ซ๎„˜๎„๎„ฎ๎„ผ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ˆ™๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ
of the outcome of bull castration by intra testicular injection of
๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎„‰๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎…’๎„ท๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ‘๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ‘๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎‡ฅ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡ก๎€ƒ
๎Œ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ค๎‡ฆ๎ˆง๎‡ง๎ˆฏ๎‡จ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ฃ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎ˆฏ๎‡ฃ๎‡ก๎‡ค๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://goo.su/za8E
๎ˆซ๎‡ ๎‡ฅ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎š๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎€๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎„๎„ท๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎”๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…˜๎„๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎€๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ท๎‚ฎ๎€ƒ๎”๎Œ๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎„๎„ท๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ด๎€พ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ช๎„ท๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ฑ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ
zincโ€“based solution as a contraceptive for dogs. Theriogenology
[Internet]. 2007; 68(2):137โ€“145. doi: ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆฅ๎ƒ…๎„๎„ด๎…’๎„‰๎‡ก
๎ˆซ๎‡ ๎‡ฆ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎๎ƒ๎„๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎”๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎€„๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎ˆฏ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ
saline solution as a method of nonsurgical sterilization in dogs:
evaluation of the most effective concentration with the lowest
๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒ†๎„ด๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ฃ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ค๎‡ฅ๎ˆง๎‡ฅ๎‡ข๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ ๎ˆฏ๎‡ง๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://
๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆฅ๎ƒฅ๎‡ฅ๎„๎…’๎ƒ…๎ƒพ
๎ˆซ๎‡ ๎‡ง๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ท๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚š๎„ท๎„‰๎„ท๎„ฑ๎‚ญ๎„๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€น๎‚ญ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎‚ญ๎„ฑ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
Evaluation of intraโ€“testicular injections of calcium chloride and
4โ€“vinylcyclohexene 1, 2 monoepoxide for chemical sterilization
๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ท๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ฆ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎ˆง๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ก๎‡ค๎‡ ๎ˆฏ๎‡ก๎‡ฅ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
doi: https://doi.org/gt56x8
๎ˆซ๎‡ ๎‡จ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎Ž๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ฎ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ด๎‚ญ๎…ฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎„๎„ซ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎…ก๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ
P. The pathological and ultrasonographic evaluation of the
chemical castration in dogs using calcium chloride injection.
๎€„๎„ซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎‚ญ๎…ก๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡ข๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ฆ๎‡ง๎ˆง๎‡ค๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ ๎‡ค๎‡ฆ๎‡จ๎ˆฏ๎‡ ๎‡ค๎‡ง๎‡ค๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://
doi.org/gt56x9
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„๎…“๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒ…๎„ท๎ˆฏ๎€„๎ƒฌ๎„‰๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎š๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚€๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ
๎ท๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ˆฏ๎ฝ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎š๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎€๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎š๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€๎„ƒ๎„๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎š๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎…˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ค๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ฃ๎‡ค๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ก๎‡ฅ๎ˆฏ๎‡ข๎‡ก๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒ
https://doi.org/gt56zb
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡ ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎‚ข๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ƒ๎ˆฏ๎€œ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎…™๎€ƒ๎”๎ท๎ฝ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎„๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„๎„จ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ช๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
[Internet]. 2021; 35(1):33โ€“36. doi: https://doi.org/gt564r
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡ก๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„ท๎„ท๎„ฎ๎„๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎…™๎„Š๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ท๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ฎ๎„ด๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎‚ญ๎„Ž๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚”๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
Intratesticular lidocaine reduces the response to surgical
castration in dogs. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. [Internet]. 2013;
40(1):74โ€“82. doi: https://doi.org/f4gh7f
[23] Pineda MH, Hepler DI. Chemical vasectomy in dogs. Longโ€“term
study. Theriogenology [Internet]. 1981; 16(1):1โ€“11. doi: https://
๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆฅ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎ƒฅ๎„ซ๎‡ฅ๎„
_____________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34424
9 of 10
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€„๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎•๎ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ด๎„๎…’๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎”๎ฝ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎„ƒ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎•๎„๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒฆ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎Œ๎€ง๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎„๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ด๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎€œ๎€ฃ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎„ด๎„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎…ก๎…ก๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ณ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
hypertonic sodium chloride solution treatment as a method of
chemical castration in cattle. Theriogenology [Internet]. 2014;
82(7):1007โ€“1011.e1. doi: https://doi.org/f7fwcr
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡ค๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„จ๎„๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ซ๎„˜๎„๎„ฎ๎„ผ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎‚š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ด๎€ƒ
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„Š๎„๎„Š๎ˆฏ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎š๎ท๎ด๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
Agric. Vet. Sci. [Internet]. 2016 [cited 12 Feb. 2024]; 9(12):9โ€“11.
Available in: ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒฆ๎„๎„๎ˆ˜๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ˆฅ๎‚”๎ƒฅ๎„ซ๎ƒ…๎๎€บ๎Œ
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡ฅ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎š๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎€๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€น๎‚ญ๎ƒฆ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎€„๎Ž๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎€๎€๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎•๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…™๎€ƒ๎๎ฝ๎€œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ”๎…’๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎€ƒ
๎ด๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎€น๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎š๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ˆฏ๎€ง๎„ฎ๎„ช๎„ท๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ฑ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎€ƒ
๎Œ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎€„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎…ก๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ˆฏ๎ƒ…๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ
contraception of domestic cats: a randomized clinical trial of
๎ƒ๎…จ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎…™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„ด๎…™๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ข๎ˆ›๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡ฆ๎ˆง๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎‡ข๎‡Ÿ๎‡ฆ๎ˆฏ๎‡ข๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒ
https://doi.org/f5chx9
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡ฆ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€œ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎๎€น๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„Š๎„๎ƒ…๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒ๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ด๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
GB. Effects of intratesticular zinc gluconate treatment on
testicular dimensions, echodensity, histology, sperm production,
๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆงUrsus
americanus). Theriogenology [Internet]. 2011; 75(8):1444โ€“1452.
doi: ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆฅ๎ƒ…๎ƒฌ๎…“๎ƒ†๎„๎„ช
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡ง๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎Œ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
injection of calcium chloride for nonsurgical sterilization of male
๎€œ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ˆงCapra hircus): A doseโ€“dependent study.
๎€„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎‡ค๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ง๎‡ฅ๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆฏ๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ง๎‡จ๎ˆฏ๎‡ ๎‡Ÿ๎‡ง๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://doi.org/
brdhjv
๎ˆซ๎‡ก๎‡จ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€ง๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒฑ๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ท๎„Š๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ ๎‚ญ๎…™๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ผ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
castration with intratesticular injection of 20% hypertonic
๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎€„๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚€๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
2008; 26(4):392โ€“396. doi: ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆฅ๎ƒ†๎‡ง๎ƒ†๎…˜๎„ด๎„
๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡Ÿ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎๎…™๎„‰๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„จ๎„๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎€„๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„๎„ด๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆฏ๎Ž๎„๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ฑ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎‚ญ๎…™๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„Š๎„๎„ท๎€ƒ
๎•๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€œ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of ejaculates from
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๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡ ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎…๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎”๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒ…๎„๎„ท๎ˆฏ๎Ž๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎•๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎”๎€น๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
castration with calcium chloride versus surgical castration in
๎ƒŒ๎„๎„Š๎„๎ƒ๎…™๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎”๎€๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
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๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡ก๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ท๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎„๎…™๎…™๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„˜๎„Š๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ด๎„˜๎„ด๎„ด๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
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๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡ข๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ท๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎…’๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎•๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€น๎„๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎„๎„ฎ๎„๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎…ฅ๎„Š๎„๎„‰๎‚ญ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ท๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎‡ข๎ˆ›๎€ƒ
17(5):583โ€“584. doi: https://doi.org/c62fvd
๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€œ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ด๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎š๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ…๎…™๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚“๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ๎”๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ†๎‚“๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆตA slippery slopeโ€:
a scoping review of the selfโ€“injection of unlicensed oils and
๎…ฅ๎„ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„๎ƒŒ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎„‰๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„Š๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
2021; 8(4):100185. doi: ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆฅ๎ƒฆ๎„Š๎„ช๎…“๎„๎„ด
๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡ค๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ฑ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ข๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€๎„ท๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎๎๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Œ๎„๎ƒฌ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ
lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems.
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๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡ฅ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ท๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎…™๎€ƒ๎ด๎€พ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆฏ๎ƒ…๎„๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellmanโ€™s reagent.
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๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡ฆ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎๎‚ญ๎…“๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ด๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€œ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒ๎ด๎€น๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎„‰๎ˆฏ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎…ฅ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ƒฐ๎„๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ƒฐ๎„๎„จ๎ƒฌ๎…™๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎„๎„‰๎„‰๎„ท๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
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๎ˆซ๎‡ข๎‡จ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ฝ๎„ผ๎„ซ๎„๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฑ๎„ฑ๎‚ญ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎„˜๎„Š๎„‰๎ƒ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚š๎„ผ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ…๎‚ญ๎„ฑ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎€„๎š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎…™๎ƒ†๎„๎„จ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ
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๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎„๎ƒฌ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ท๎€บ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒฐ๎„๎„จ๎„ฎ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎„๎„ท๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎ˆฏ๎€ƒ๎€„๎€ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฅ๎„๎„ซ๎€ƒ
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๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎‡ ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€„๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‚”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎„๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎„๎„‰๎„จ๎„๎„๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎„จ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„ท๎„๎€ƒ
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๎๎€บ๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€œ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ฑ๎€น๎ด๎๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎”๎๎”๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
castration using 20% CaCl
2
๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎‡ค๎‰ฆ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎”๎ท๎š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎„‰๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎€ƒ
๎€ง๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎…ฆ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„๎„ซ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฅ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„จ๎ƒฌ๎…™๎€ƒ
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๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎‡ข๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎…๎„ฑ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€๎ฝ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚€๎…™๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„˜๎„๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„จ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎ท๎„๎„ซ๎„๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„๎„ท๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€ง๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎…™๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ท๎ƒ…๎„๎„ท๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎๎ƒฐ๎ƒฆ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ผ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚€๎…™๎ƒฆ๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒฑ๎„Š๎ƒฑ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ด๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎ƒง๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎„‰๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎€ง๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎„ซ๎„๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎…˜๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ด๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„๎„ท๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
Incisional Subcutaneous Ligature Application and Its Effects in
๎ด๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€น๎‚ญ๎„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡จ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ง๎ˆง๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ก๎‡ก๎‡ค๎ˆฏ๎‡ก๎‡ข๎‡ ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎ฝ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://doi.org/gt564t
๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎‚ข๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎€น๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎‚š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚”๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎Œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒฌ๎„‰๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎ƒฐ๎„ท๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ณ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฆ๎€ƒ๎‚™๎ฑ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎ด๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒŒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎„‰๎„ท๎„Š๎„๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎ƒ๎„จ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„๎‚ญ๎„ด๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฅ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎…ฅ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎€„๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎…“๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒฆ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
2022; 21(2):299โ€“309. doi: https://doi.org/gt564v
๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎‡ค๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎•๎‚ญ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎ด๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ฑ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„‰๎„‰๎„ท๎„Š๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎…™๎€ƒ
๎€œ๎€๎€บ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎„๎„ƒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡ง๎‡ ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ฃ๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆฑ๎‡ฅ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ ๎‡ ๎‡ ๎ˆฏ๎‡ ๎‡ก๎‡ง๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://
doi.org/b32xqn
๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎‡ฅ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ฝ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎…“๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ฑ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎•๎‚ญ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎ด๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎€๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ด๎ฑ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎„‰๎„ท๎„Š๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
๎‚ญ๎„จ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎„๎€ƒ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒ†๎„๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎…“๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ท๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎„๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
PNAS [Internet]. 1979; 76(11):5882โ€“5885. doi: https://doi.org/
d9bnd4
๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎‡ฆ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€น๎„ซ๎„๎„‰๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎…’๎ƒฐ๎ƒ๎…“๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…ก๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ƒŒ๎…’๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ฆ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ค๎ˆง๎‡ ๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ฆ๎‡ค๎‡ง๎ˆฏ๎‡ฆ๎‡ฆ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://
doi.org/gt564w
[48] Silveira VCA, Colla ACN, de Arruda Mestieri ML. Chemical
castration of small animals: Where are we? Pubvet [Internet].
2021; 15(3):1โ€“7. doi: https://doi.org/gt564x
Chemical castration with use of vaseline and acethylsalicylic acid 30% + vaseline / ฤฐลŸler et al. _____________________________________
10 of 10
๎ˆซ๎‡ฃ๎‡จ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€บ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎‚ข๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎„ท๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
administration of somatostatin on testicular function in
immature and adult rats. Life Sci. [Internet]. 1996; 59(10):859โ€“
866. doi: ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆฅ๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎„๎…˜๎ƒพ๎…˜
๎ˆซ๎‡ค๎‡Ÿ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ท๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„๎„ฑ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎š๎„๎„ท๎„ƒ๎„‰๎„ท๎„ฑ๎€ƒ๎€๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎…’๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„๎„‰๎…™๎€ƒ
on some oxidative stress parameters and blood hormone levels in
๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ซ๎„ช๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎”๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚ข๎„๎„๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡ข๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ฆ๎‡ค๎ˆง๎‡ฃ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ฅ๎‡ค๎‡ ๎ˆฏ๎‡ฅ๎‡ค๎‡ฅ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
doi: https://doi.org/gt564z
๎ˆซ๎‡ค๎‡ ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ด๎‚ญ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎„ท๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎‚“๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎„ท๎„Š๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ท๎ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎…™๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„ท๎ƒ†๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
by injection of chemical agents into the vas deferens. Androl.
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๎ˆซ๎‡ค๎‡ก๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎ฝ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎…ก๎„ท๎„๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„ท๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„๎€ƒ๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎„๎€ƒ๎‚š๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎€ƒ๎ท๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎š๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ
๎„‰๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ซ๎„๎„ท๎ƒฆ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ…๎„ซ๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒฅ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎…™๎€ƒ๎„ท๎„Š๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ช๎„ท๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ฅ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡ฆ๎ˆง๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ฆ๎‡ฆ๎ˆฏ
79. doi: https://doi.org/gt5642
๎ˆซ๎‡ค๎‡ข๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€„๎…™๎ƒŒ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€„๎„๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎”๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„Š๎„ท๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎‚ญ๎…’๎„ฑ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎ƒง๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ
๎€„๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ท๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎‚„๎…ก๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„ด๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎€ง๎ƒฅ๎ƒฅ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„๎„Š๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎…˜๎ƒฐ๎ƒŒ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎„ด๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎…™๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„‰๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎ƒ…๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„ฎ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚š๎„ผ๎…ก๎„ผ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„ผ๎€ƒ๎‚š๎ƒฑ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‚„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ
๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€น๎‚ญ๎„๎„ผ๎„ƒ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎‡ข๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡ค๎€ƒ๎€น๎ƒ๎ƒ…๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ
๎‡ ๎‡ฃ๎ˆง๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ก๎‡ก๎ˆฏ๎‡ก๎‡ค๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://goo.su/rWr3lI3
๎ˆซ๎‡ค๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€œ๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒฑ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎„ผ๎„ƒ๎…™๎„ผ๎…ก๎€ƒ๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎Ž๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎€ƒ๎€น๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚š๎„ผ๎„๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎บ๎‚ญ๎ƒฌ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎‚€๎„ฎ๎„ƒ๎„ท๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€„๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎Ž๎„˜๎„จ๎ƒ๎„๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒŒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ
๎Ž๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎…™๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎Ž๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎…™๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎€๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎„ฎ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚š๎„ผ๎…ก๎„ผ๎„Š๎ƒ†๎„ผ๎€ƒ๎‚š๎ƒฑ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
๎‚„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎…’๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ท๎‚ญ๎ƒง๎„ƒ๎ƒฑ๎„๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„‰๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎€ง๎„Š๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎„ผ๎„ฎ๎„ผ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡Ÿ๎‡ฅ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ
๎‡จ๎ˆง๎‡ ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ ๎‡จ๎‡ค๎ˆฏ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎„ท๎„ซ๎„๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒฆ๎„๎„๎ˆ˜๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ˆฅ๎‚™๎ƒพ๎๎ƒฆ๎‚™๎‚€
๎ˆซ๎‡ค๎‡ค๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎€„๎ƒ…๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„Š๎‚ญ๎„ฎ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎”๎„๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎”๎”๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„๎ƒฌ๎„ฎ๎ƒฌ๎„Š๎ƒฅ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎€„๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎€บ๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎„๎ƒฌ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€๎ƒฌ๎ƒ๎„‰๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
Sterilization by Intratesticular Injection of Eugenia Caryophyllata
๎€ง๎„ฎ๎„ฎ๎ƒ๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎š๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ˆš๎€ƒ๎€„๎€ƒ๎€พ๎ƒฐ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎„๎„จ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒฌ๎„๎„ƒ๎„๎ƒฆ๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ด๎„ท๎ƒŒ๎…™๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎Œ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‚“๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ท๎„ท๎„ซ๎ƒฆ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ
๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ข๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎ƒ†๎ƒฐ๎„ด๎ƒ๎ƒŒ๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡ค๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‚ญ๎„Š๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ก๎‡ฃ๎ˆฌ๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ง๎ˆง๎‡ก๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡จ๎ˆฏ๎‡ ๎‡ฅ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎…’๎‚ญ๎ƒฐ๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎ƒ…๎„ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ˆš๎€ƒ
๎ƒฌ๎„ด๎„ด๎„จ๎„ฎ๎ˆš๎ˆฅ๎ˆฅ๎ƒฆ๎„๎„๎ˆ˜๎„ฎ๎„ท๎ˆฅ๎š๎‚€๎„จ๎‚™๎‡ค๎„Š๎€œ
๎ˆซ๎‡ค๎‡ฅ๎ˆฌ๎€ƒ ๎Ž๎…“๎‚ญ๎„๎€ƒ๎€œ๎Ž๎ˆ™๎€ƒ๎๎ƒ๎ƒ๎€ƒ๎ท๎€พ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎„ซ๎‚ญ๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ฎ๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎„ท๎„ƒ๎‚ญ๎„ซ๎€ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒพ๎ƒ๎ƒ†๎„ด๎ƒฐ๎„๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎ƒฅ๎€ƒ๎ƒฌ๎…™๎„จ๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„ด๎„๎„Š๎ƒฐ๎ƒ†๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎‚ญ๎„ƒ๎ƒฐ๎„Š๎ƒ๎ˆš๎€ƒ
nonโ€“invasive alternative method for animal castration model.
๎€ฃ๎ƒ๎…’๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ด๎ƒ๎„จ๎„ซ๎„๎ƒŒ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ˆซ๎๎„Š๎„ด๎ƒ๎„ซ๎„Š๎ƒ๎„ด๎ˆฌ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎‡ก๎‡Ÿ๎‡ ๎‡ข๎ˆ›๎€ƒ๎‡ ๎‡ฆ๎ˆง๎‡ฃ๎ˆจ๎ˆš๎‡ฃ๎‡ข๎‡ค๎ˆฏ๎‡ฃ๎‡ฃ๎‡Ÿ๎ˆ˜๎€ƒ๎ƒŒ๎„๎ƒฐ๎ˆš๎€ƒhttps://doi.
org/gb5dwh
[57] Fesseha H, Negash G. Evaluation of single bilateral intratesticular
injection of cetrimide for nonsurgical sterilization of adult male
albino mice. Insights Vet. Sci. [Internet]. 2020; 4(1):025โ€“034.
doi: https://doi.org/gt5643