Received: 12/09/2024 Accepted: 17/12/2024 Published: 15/02/2025 1 of 8
https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e35515 RevistaCientíca,FCV-LUZ/Vol.XXXV
ABSTRACT
Aflatoxicosis, a mycotoxicosis caused by aflatoxins, poses
Silymarin, an antioxidant, against
Silymarin
1
1
1
+Silymarin
Silymarin
1
1
+Silymarin
1
+SilymarinSilymarin
of food
1
P
1
+Silymarin
1
P
1
+Silymarin
1
P
1
+Silymarin
1
P
1
1
Ito
1
+Silymarin
Silymarin
Key words:
Silymarin
RESUMEN
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(P
1
1
(P
1
1
(P
1
1
(P
1
de Ito
1
1
en pollos d
Palabras clave:
Hepatoprotective effects of Silymarin in experimental aflatoxicosis in
broiler chickens
Efectos hepatoprotectores de la Silimarina en la aflatoxicosis
experimental en pollos de engorde
Ömer Faruk Keleş
1
* , Zübeyir Huyut
2
1
Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology. Van, Türkiye.
2
Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry. Van, Türkiye.
*Corresponding author: ofkeles@yyu.edu.tr
Hepatoprotective effects of Silymarin in aflatoxicosis / Keleş and Huyut ______________________________________________________________
2 of 8 3 of 8
INTRODUCTION
AspergillusAspergillus flavus, A.
parasiticus
1
1
) can be found as
1
1
animal species [1,
1
[
1
bile [
Dacnis hartlaubi),
Coturnix coturnixAnas platyrhynchos) and
Gallus gallus domesticus) [
1
1
6
7
diseases [,
1,
11, ,
[
16
[, 17, Silybum
marianum), a medicinal plant, is Silymarin, and it is mostly
Silymarin
Silymarin
component is silybin [Silymarin
,
Silymarin to
1
1
[SilymarinSilymarin
1
[ Silymarin
1
Silymarin
1
[Silymarin
Silymarin against
1
, ,
Silymarin
1
toxicity in
of Silymarin
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental animal grouping and nutrition plan
1.
Control Group (n=8):
2.
AFB
1
Group (n=8):
1
3. Silymarin Group (n=8):
Silymarin
4.
AFB
1
+Silymarin Group (n=8):
1
Silymarin
Preparation of AFB
1
–contaminated feed
1
Hepatoprotective effects of Silymarin in aflatoxicosis / Keleş and Huyut ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientica, FCV-LUZ / Vol.XXXV
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Histopathological examination
μ
tissue [
Serum samples collection
g
Liver tissue homogenization and supernatant preparation
g
Biochemical analysis
Statistical analysis
P
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1
Silymarin
1
+Silymarin
Silymarin
1
Ito
1
1
+Silymarin
1
1
,
1
1
and Silymarin
[, Silymarin
1
FIGURE 1. The normal view of the broiler liver of the (A) control and (B) Silymarin
group. (C) AFB
1
group has a distinct yellowish colour change (hydropic/fat
degeneration) in the broiler liver. (D) AFB
1
+Silymarin group shows almost the
normal appearance of the broiler liver
Hepatoprotective effects of Silymarin in aflatoxicosis / Keleş and Huyut ______________________________________________________________
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TABLE I
Effects of Silymarin on the AFB1 – induced liver injury
(affected broiler/total number of broiler)
Liver lesions Control AFB1
Silymarin
AFB1+
Silymarin
P Values
Degeneration
Mild
Moderate
Severe
–/8
b
–
–
–
8/8
a
0
2
6
–/8
b
–
–
–
5/8
a
5
–
–
**
Fibrosis
Mild
Moderate
Severe
–/8
b
–
–
–
8/8
a
0
3
5
–/8
b
–
–
–
3/8
ab
3
–
–
**
Inammatorycellinltration
Mild
Moderate
Severe
–/8
b
–
–
–
8/8
a
0
1
7
–/8
b
–
–
–
3/8
b
3
–
–
**
Bileductproliferation
Mild
Moderate
Severe
–/8
b
–
–
–
5/8
a
5
–
–
–/8
b
–
–
–
–/8
b
–
–
–
**
P
FIGURE 2. Composite representation of histological liver images across experimental groups. (A) The control group exhibits normal liver histology (H&E stain,
scale bar: 50 µm). (B) The AFB
1
group shows widespread, severe hydropic degeneration (stars) in hepatocytes, particularly in the periacinar (vc) regions, along
with marked activation of perisinusoidal cells (arrowheads) (H&E stain, scale bar: 100 µm). (C) Liver tissue from the AFB
1
group also demonstrates brotic
changes extending in thin strands (arrowheads) throughout the parenchyma, in addition to perisinusoidal cell activation, parenchymal mononuclear cell
aggregation (arrows), heterophil inltration (star), and widespread severe hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes (H&E stain, scale bar: 100 µm). (D) In the
AFB
1
+Silymarin group, no signicant widespread degeneration of hepatocytes is observed, aside from vacuolar degeneration (arrows) in some hepatocytes,
while perisinusoidal cell activation remains evident (H&E stain, scale bar: 50 µm)
FIGURE 3. Numerous proliferating small bile ducts around the portal
vein in the AFB
1
group (arrowheads) (H&E stain, scale bar: 50 µm)
Hepatoprotective effects of Silymarin in aflatoxicosis / Keleş and Huyut ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientica, FCV-LUZ / Vol.XXXV
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,
Ito
Ito cell
[
1
1
+Silymarin
Silymarin
1
1
Silymarin
P
1
+Silymarin
1
P
1
Silymarin
P
1
+SilymarinP
1
and Silymarin
(P
1
Silymarin, and
1
+SilymarinP
1
+Silymarin
P
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0
10
20
30
40
TAS (pg·dL
-1
)
Serum
*
*
*
*
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CAT (ng·mg
-1
protein)
Liver
**
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0
20
40
60
80
100
SOD (mU·dL
-1
)
Serum
*
*
*
*
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0
1
2
3
4
5
SOD (mU·mg
-1
protein)
Liver
**
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
GSH-Px (ng·mg
-1
protein)
Liver
#
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
TOS (pg·mg
-1
protein)
Liver
***
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
TAS (pg·mg
-1
protein)
Liver
**
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0
5
10
15
CAT (ng·dL
-1
)
Serum
*
*
*
*
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0
20
40
60
GSH-Px (ng·mg
-1
protein)
Serum
*
*
*
*
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0
2
4
6
8
10
TOS (pg·dL
-1
)
Serum
*
*
*
*
FIGURE 4. Comparison of antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme levels in the liver and serum samples. TAS: total antioxidant capacity, TOS: total oxidative stress,
GSH: reduced glutathione, SOD: superoxide dismutase, CAT: catalase, GSH–Px: glutathione peroxidase. *P: It is signicant compared to other experimental groups. **P: It
is lower than the control group. ***p: It is signicant according to the control and Silymarin groups.
#
P: It is lower than the control and aatoxin+Silymarin groups
Hepatoprotective effects of Silymarin in aflatoxicosis / Keleş and Huyut ______________________________________________________________
6 of 8 7 of 8
1
1
,
,
1
1
, ], leading
1
, is
1
1
1
+Silymarin
Silymarin may alleviate oxidative
1
1
Silymarin
1
+Silymarin
1
1
Silymarin
Silymarin
1
6
1
metabolism [
Silymarin
1
1
Silymarin
P
1
Silymarin
1
+SilymarinP
1
+Silymarin
1
P
1
Silymarin
CONCLUSION
1
Silymarin
Silymarin
1
1
Silymarin
1
on
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Caspase 3 (pmol·mg
-1
protein)
Liver
**
ᶿ
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0
2
4
6
Caspase 3 (pmol·dL
-1
)
Serum
*
*
*
*
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
BcL-2 (ng·mg
-1
protein)
Liver
**
ᶿ
Control AFB1 Slymarin AFB1+Slymarin
0
2
4
6
BcL-2 (ng·dL
-1
)
Serum
*
*
*
*
FIGURE 5. Comparison of Caspase–3 and BcL–2 levels in the liver and serum samples. *P: It is higher than the other experimental groups. **P: It is signicant according
to the control and Silymarin groups. ᶿP: It is higher than the Silymarin group
Hepatoprotective effects of Silymarin in aflatoxicosis / Keleş and Huyut ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientica, FCV-LUZ / Vol.XXXV
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Conflicts of interest
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
κ
of Eclipta prostrata
Silymarin
Silymarin
Silymarin
κ
Silybum marianum)
Silymarin
Hepatoprotective effects of Silymarin in aflatoxicosis / Keleş and Huyut ______________________________________________________________
8 of 8 MT of 1
Silymarin
Zataria multiflora)
Silymarin
Silybum
marianum
J. Res. Med.
Sci.
of Trianthema portulacastrum
Silymarin
1
Urtica
dioica
α
Anim. Nutr. Feed.
Technol
Sauropus androgynus
(Rosmarinus officinalis
In vivo
