Revista Cienfica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXV Recibido: 09/11/2024 Aceptado: 31/01/2025 Publicado: 15/04/2025 hps://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e35565 UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA Serbiluz Sistema de Servicios Bibliotecarios y de Información Biblioteca Digital Repositorio Académico 1 of 6 The profile of fay acids in the gametes of brook trout (Salvelinus fonnalis) during the spawning period under culture condions Perfil de ácidos grasos en gametos de trucha de arroyo (Salvelinus fonnalis) culvada en época de desove Mehmet Kocabaş 1 , Filiz Kutluyer-Kocabaş 2* , Nadir Başçinar 3 , Esin Özçiçek 2 , Görkem Kirmizikaya-Özmen 4 , Ökkeş Yilmaz 4 ¹Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Trabzon, Turkey. ²Munzur University, Fisheries Faculty, Tunceli, Turkey. ³Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. ⁴Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey. *Corresponding author: filizkutluyer@hotmail.com ABSTRACT The ferlizaon and subsequently embryo and larvae development are linked to gamete quality and FA (fay acid) content is one of the specific factors affecng egg or sperm quality. Hence, FA profile of gametes (egg and sperm) was documented in brook trout (Salvelinus fonnalis) under culvaon. FAs were detected and measured using gas chromatography. These results indicated that a total of 26 and 22 FAs were determined in egg and sperm, respecvely. The levels of PUFAs were determined in nearly idencal quanes in both egg (47.57%) and sperm (47.53%). DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), LA (Linoleic acid), EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and ARA (Arachidonic acid) were predominant PUFAs for egg and sperm. Interesngly, vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-11) (24.07%) was major FAs in egg. In conclusion, the analysis of fay acids in broodstock gametes contributes valuable insights into the dietary requirements necessary for effecve aquaculture breeding programs. Key words: Brook trout; Salvelinus fonnalis; egg; sperm; fay acid RESUMEN La ferlización y posterior desarrollo de embriones y/o larvas está relacionada con la calidad de los gametos y su composición en ácidos grasos (AG), siendo este uno de los factores específicos que afectan la calidad del óvulo o del esperma. Por lo tanto, evaluamos el perfil de AG de los gametos (óvulos y espermatozoides) en trucha de arroyo (Salvelinus fonnalis) en culvo. Los AG se detectaron y midieron mediante cromatograa de gases. Nuestros resultados indicaron que se detectaton un total de 26 y 22 AG en óvulos y espermatozoides, respecvamente. Los niveles de AGPI se determinaron en candades casi idéncas tanto en óvulos (47,57%) como en espermatozoides (47,53%). DHA (ácido docosahexaenoico), LA (ácido linoleico), EPA (ácido eicosapentaenoico) y ARA (ácido araquidónico) fueron los PUFA (Ácido Graso Poliinsaturado) predominantes para óvulos y espermatozoides. Curiosamente, el ácido vaccénico (C18:1 n-11) (24,07%) fue el principal AG en el huevo. En conclusión, el análisis de los ácidos grasos en los gametos de los reproductores aporta información valiosa sobre los requisitos dietécos necesarios para programas eficaces de cría en acuicultura. Palabras clave: Trucha de arroyo; Salvelinus fonnalis; óvulo; esperma; ácido graso

Fay acid profile in gametes of brook trout / Kocabaş et al. UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA Serbiluz Sistema de Servicios Bibliotecarios y de Información Biblioteca Digital Repositorio Académico INTRODUCTION Fay acids (FAs) are vital for life for movement, growth and reproducon as they serve as fundamental building blocks for cell membranes, provide energy, and act as crucial mediators in metabolic and signaling mediators [1 , 2] The FAs content in fish varies based on several factors such as the aquac ecosystems, as well as the physico-chemical and biological properes of aquac bodies. Moreover, the FAs content is influenced by seasonal variaons, age and size of fish, migraon behaviors, sexual maturity, reproducve cycles, species-specific characteriscs, the type and amount of feed available, feeding preferences, and whether they are reared in aquaculture or inhabit natural environments [3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7] As a key issue in aquaculture, gamete (sperm and egg) quality is a restricve factor influencing reproducve success [8]. Gamet quality (viability and molity in sperm, reacon of acrosome, fluidity of membrane, and hatching and survival rate) is associated with fay acid (FA) content [9 , 10 , 11]. The FAs in sperm membranes affect funcon and structure in sperm [11 , 12]. FAs bound to phospholipids form an essenal part of cell membranes, playing a crical role in their structural integrity [13]. More importantly, the subsequent embryonic and larval development are ensured by essenal FAs [8]. Salvelinus fonnalis (Mitchill, 1814) is a freshwater species culvated in Canadian commercial aquaculture. In North America and Europe, trout producon remains a significant industry with growth expectaons although trout producon is lower than that of other salmonids, such as rainbow trout and Atlanc salmon [14]. Brook trout is an introduced species in Turkey, brought from Europe primarily for aquaculture purposes [15]. Currently, brook trout are farmed in a few rainbow trout facilies in the eastern Black Sea region however, its producon has not been established in Turkey commercially [15 , 16]. As far as we are aware, this is the first study to examine the fay acid profile of gametes in brook trout, although research has been conducted on the FA content of muscle, yolk, and fry during the development of brook trout [16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22]. In this context, the main goal of this study was to invesgate the FA profile of egg and sperm in sexually mature brook trout (S. fonnalis). MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals and sampling Sperm and egg samples were collected from the mature brook trout under culture condions (Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sürmene Marine Sciences, Prof. Dr. İbrahim Okumuş Research Center, Trabzon, Turkey) between November and December, 2023. The Ethics Commiee for the Use of Animals at the Naonal Instute for Research, Munzur University (Tunceli, Turkey), granted approval for all animal experiments (the protocol number 2024/36-04). The sperm and egg collecon involved anesthezing the fish with benzocaine (0.5 mg/L) and then using soſt abdominal pressure for stripping. Falcon tubes (50 mL) were used to collect sperm and egg from fish. To prevent sperm acvaon and contaminaon (such as blood, mucus, urine, or feces), the abdomen surface was dried using paper towels. Subsequently, the samples were kept on crushed ice for sperm analysis. Finally, the samples were placed into plasc containers and stored at -85°C in ULT Freezer (DW- 86L728BPST, Qingda, China) unl further analysis. Fay acid profile Aſter thawing, hexane-isopropanol mixture (10 ml) was used for homogenizaon of samples. The method for lipid extracon from sperm and egg samples followed the protocol described by Hara and Radin [23]. FAMEs (Fay acid methyl esters) were synthesized via trans-methylaon with 2% methanolic sulfuric acid and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) (Shimadzu GC- 2010 Plus, Tokyo, Japan) fied with an Rtx® 2330 GC column (30 m, 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 µm df). The hexane phase was evaporated using a nitrogen flow, and the lipid extract was then re-suspended in 1 mL of heptane. Subsequently, the soluon was divided into 2-mL aliquots and placed into autosampler vials, as outlined by Chrise [24]. Prior to analyzing the FAs in the samples, the oven temperature was inially set to 148°C and held for 1 min. The temperature was then raised to 200°C at a rate of 5°C per minute and subsequently increased to 218°C at a rate of 4°C per minute. Prior to the analysis, the standard fay acid methyl ester mixture (Supelco® 37 Component FAME Mix) was used to determine the retenon mes of the protecve structural FAs. The data processing was facilitated by Class GC (10 soſtware version 2.01). The Shimadzu GC 2010 Plus operated using the GC Soluon operang program for sample and standard analysis. Calculaon of results ulized the Lab Soluon 5.67 program (Kyoto, Japan). The relave amounts of FAMEs were assessed using the external standard method. The Area Normalizaon mode was used for calculaon of Relave values of each fay acid within the total fay acids. Data analysis IBM SPSS Stascs 27.0 for Windows was used for data analysis, and the results were presented as mean ± SD (standard deviaon). Differences FAs content between egg and sperm were assessed using independent t-test with significance set at P < 0.05 (95% confidence level). XLSTAT soſtware (version 2015.5) was used to perform PCA (Principal Component Analysis). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION By comparing egg and sperm, this study presents the first analysis of FAs composion in brook trout. In eggs, a total of 26 FAs were assessed whereas sperm analysis revealed a total of 22 FAs. Both the egg and sperm of brook trout exhibit high levels of PUFAs (polyunsaturated fay acids) (mostly n-3 HUFA, egg: 30.13% and sperm: 33.86%). TABLE I shows the FA profiles of egg and sperm of brook trout during the spawning season. The area graph of the FA profile of egg and sperm in brook trout is presented in FIG.1. Significant differences were observed in SFAs, C17:0, C18:0, C21:0, C22:0 and C23:0 between egg and sperm (P < 0.05). A total of 8 SFAs (C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C21:0, C22:0 and C24:0) were assessed in egg while a total of 9 SFAs (C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C21:0, C22:0, C23:0 and C24:0) was determined in sperm. The egg contained the highest concentraon of PUFAs (47.57%), followed by MUFAs (29.81%) and SFAs (21.7%). In contrast, sperm showed the highest concentraon of PUFAs (47.53%), with SFAs (35.82%) and MUFAs (16.83%) following in concentraon. Palmic acid (C16:0) constuted the predominant SFA in both egg (13.29%) and sperm (22.95%). Addionally, DHA (C22:6 n−3) emerged as the principal PUFA in both samples. The primary MUFA was vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-11) in egg (24.07%) while oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) dominated as the major MUFA in sperm (10.78%). 2 of 6

Revista Cienfica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXV UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA Serbiluz Sistema de Servicios Bibliotecarios y de Información Biblioteca Digital Repositorio Académico Previous studies on salmonid sperm have documented higher concentraons of unsaturated FAs in comparison to SFAs [25 , 26]. In accordance with earlier works, the PUFAs (47.53%) were higher quanes compared to SFAs (35.82%). In addion, the sperm of brook trout exhibited a similar rate for PUFAs (primarily n-3 highly unsaturated fay acids, 30.13%) with egg (mostly n-3 PUFA, 33.86%). Specific long-chain FAs, such as LA (C18:2 n−6), ARA (20:4 n-6), EPA (20:5 n-3), and DHA (22:6 n-3), are essenal components of gametes, playing pivotal roles in their structural integrity and biological funcons. They are involved in the producon of biologically acve molecules, including prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. These compounds acvely parcipate in shaping reproducve development and are pivotal for achieving successful reproducon overall [27 , 28]. In present study, the egg and sperm of brook trout are characterized by high PUFA. DHA (egg: 21.03%, sperm: 18.99%), LA (egg: 14.31%, sperm: 8.56%), EPA (egg: 3.78%, sperm: 12.75%) and ARA (egg: 2.59%, sperm: 5.11%) were predominant PUFAs. TABLE I. The fay acid composion (% of total fay acids) of egg and sperm in Salvelinus fonnalis Data expressed as mean ± standard error; *the same row are significantly different at P < 0.05 FIGURE 1. Area graph of fay acid composion (%) of egg and sperm in Salvelinus fonn- alis. A (C14:0), B (C14:1), C (C15:0), Ç (C15:1), D (C16:0), E (C16:1 n7), F (C17:0), G (C17:1), H (C18:0), I (C18:1 n9), J (C18:1 n11), K (C18:2 n6), L (C18:3 n6), M (C18:3 n3), N (C20:1), O (C20:3), Ö (C21:0), P (C22:0), R (C20:3 n3), S (C20:4 n6), Ş (C22:1n9), T (C20:5 n3), U (C23:0), Ü (C24:0), V (C24:1), Y (C22:5 n3). Z (C22:6 n3) Palmic acid and stearic acid constuted the majority of the total SFA content in the egg and sperm of brook trout in accordance with earlier findings in other Salmonid species [3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38]. Interesngly, Tricosanoic acid (C23:0) was not determined in eggs of brook trout. The role of oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) on natural reproducon, gonadal maturaon, and embryonic development processes have been emphasized by earlier studies [24 , 39]. In current work, oleic acid was assessed as the predominant monounsaturated fay acid (MUFA) in sperm, exhibing levels consistent with findings in eggs, sperm, and ssues of various other fish species [3 , 31 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45]. Interesngly, oleic acid was not determined in egg of brook trout. Furthermore, the primary MUFA was vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-11) in the eggs (24.07%). In addion, the proporon of total MUFA in eggs (29.81%) in the current study was higher compared to sperm (16.83%). In the current study, it was observed a higher n-3/n-6 rao in sperm (2.47) than in eggs (1.73). This rao in eggs plays a significant role in determining the hatching success and survival of larvae [9], with typical values ranging from 1 to 4 in freshwater fish eggs [3]. The n-3/n-6 rao in the eggs of the studied brook trout was lower compared to values reported in other Salmonid fish species, namely Black Sea trout (7.56) [3], Arcc char (Salvelinus alpinus) (2.21-2.34) [46], rainbow trout (2.01) [31], and trout (Salmo opimus) (1.06-3.13) [35] and but it was similar with reported the n-3/n-6 rao (1-21-1.88) in rainbow trout by Baki et al. [36]. In the sperm, n-3/n-6 rao of the studied brook trout was lower compared to values demonstrated in other Salmonids such as Oncorhynchus mykiss (4.4% and 4.69%) [32 , 38], Salmo trua fario [38], Salvelinus alpinus (4.7-5.3) [41], but it was higher level than reported the n-3/n-6 rao (1.13%) in O. mykiss by Lahnsteiner et al. [30]. 3 of 6

Fay acid profile in gametes of brook trout / Kocabaş et al. UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA Serbiluz Sistema de Servicios Bibliotecarios y de Información Biblioteca Digital Repositorio Académico PCA analysis demonstrates alteraons in the FAs composions of egg and sperm. According to FIG.2, PC1 (the primary principal component: 44.24%) and PC2 (the second principal component: 18.09%) collecvely explained 62.33% of the variance. C18:3 n-6 was strongly related to C18:3 n-3 and C22:1 n-9. C4:0 was strongly related to C6:0, C8:0, C18:0, C20:2 and C22:5 n−6. C15:1, C16:0, C18:1 n11, C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3 and C24:1 have negave scores featuring the gametes. PCA was conducted to invesgate relaonships among variables. In eggs, γ-Linolenic acid (C18:3 n-6) demonstrated strong correlaons with total Erucic acid (C22:1 n-9) and α-Linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). In contrast, C15:1, C16:0, C18:1 n-11, C24:1, ARA, and EPA exhibited negave scores in sperm. These variaons in correlaons could be influenced by biological factors and individual differences [5 , 37]. FIGURE 2. Illustraon of scores (A) and loadings (B) from the Main Component Analysis of fay acids of egg and sperm in Salvelinus fonnalis. A (C14:0), B (C14:1), C (C15:0), Ç (C15:1), D (C16:0), E (C16:1 n7), F (C17:0), G (C17:1), H (C18:0), I (C18:1 n9), J (C18:1 n11), K (C18:2 n6), L (C18:3 n6), M (C18:3 n3), N (C20:1), O (C20:3), Ö (C21:0), P (C22:0), R (C20:3 n3), S (C20:4 n6), Ş (C22:1n9), T (C20:5 n3), U (C23:0), Ü (C24:0), V (C24:1), Y (C22:5 n3). Z (C22:6 n3) CONCLUSION In conclusion, the egg exhibited notably higher percentages of DHA, LA (linoleic acid), palmic acid, and vaccenic acid compared to other FAs while DHA, EPA, oleic acid, stearic acid and palmic acid were the predominant FAs in sperm. The total quanty of n-3 FAs in sperm was higher than in eggs, whereas the total amount of n-6 FAs in eggs was higher than in sperm. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the complete FAs composion in the egg and sperm of brook trout. It will serve as a valuable resource for developing an opmal formulaon for a specialized broodstock diet enriched with sufficient FAs, thereby maximizing producvity for fish farmers. Ethics approval All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Commiee for the Use of Animals of the Naonal Instute for Research in the Munzur University (Tunceli, Turkey) (the protocol number 2024/36-04). Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES [1] Pereira DM, Valentão P, Teixeira N, Andrade PB. Amino acids, fay acids and sterols profile of some marine organisms from Portuguese waters. Food Chem. [Internet]. 2013; 141(3):2412-2417. doı: hps://doi.org/ pf6p [2] Zhang X, Ning X, He X, Sun X, Yu X, Cheng Y, Yu RQ, Wu Y. Fay acid composion analyses of commercially important fish species from the Pearl River Estuary, China. PLoS One. [Internet]. 2020; 15(1):e0228276 doı: hps://doi.org/gj3c4x [3] Aras NM, Haliloğlu Hİ, Atamanalp M. Balıklarda yağ asitlerinin önemi. Atatürk Univ. Ziraat Fak. Derg. [Internet]. 2002 [cited dd/mm/año]; 33(3):331-335. Available in: hps://goo.su/re5kI [4] Bayır A, Sirkecioğlu AN, Aras NM, Aksakal E, Haliloğlu Hİ, Bayır M. Fay acids of neutral and phospholipids of three endangered trout: Salmo trua caspius Kessler, Salmo trua labrax Pallas and Salmo trua macrosgma Dumeril. Food Chem. [Internet]. 2010; 119(3):1050- 1056. doi: hps://doi.org/m28b [5] Taşbozan O, Gökçe MA. Fay acids in fish. In Catala A, editor. Fay Acids. Argenna: InTech; [Internet]. 2017; 1:143-159. doi: hps://doi.org/gk928j [6] Özçiçek E, Can E, Yılmaz Ö. Comparison of nutrient contents of wild and farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) from Keban Dam Lake in Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Aquac. Res. [Internet]. 2022; 53:2457-2463. doi: hps://doi.org/pf6t [7] Özçiçek E, Can E, Yılmaz Ö. Yeşriciliği yapılan ve doğadan avlanan gökkuşağı alabalığının (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) karaciğer dokusu besin düzeylerinin karşılaşrılması. Menba Kastamonu Univ. Su Ürünleri Fak. Derg. 2022 [cited Oct. 24 2024]; 8(2):94-104. Available in: hps://goo.su/riJi 4 of 6

Revista Cienfica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXV UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA Serbiluz Sistema de Servicios Bibliotecarios y de Información Biblioteca Digital Repositorio Académico [8] Bobe J, Labbé C. Egg and sperm quality in fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. [Internet]. 2010; 165(3):535-548. doi: hps://doi.org/fm5pcd [9] Ozaki Y, Koga H, Takahashi T, Adachi S, Yamauchi K. Lipid content and fay acid composion of muscle, liver, ovary and eggs of capve-reared and wild silver Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) during arficial maturaon. Fish Sci. [Internet]. 2008; 74(2):362-371. doi: hps://doi.org/ c42f49 [10] Diaz R, Torres MA, Bravo S, Sanchez R, Sepulveda N. Determinaon of fay acid profile in ram spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Andrologia. [Internet]. 2015; 48(6):723-726. doi: hps://doi.org/pf6q [11] Yuan C, Wang J, Lu W. Regulaon of semen quality by fay acids in diets, extender, and semen. Front Vet. Sci. [Internet]. 2023; 10:1119153. doı: hps://doi.org/pf64 [12] Collodel G, More E, Longini M, Pascarelli NA, Signorini C. Increased F 2 -isoprostane levels in semen and immunolocalizaon of the 8-iso prostaglandin F 2 α in spermatozoa from inferle paents with varicocele. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. [Internet]. 2018; 2018:7508014. doı: hps://doi.org/gdfgtm [13] Collodel G, Castellini C, Lee JC, Signorini C. Relevance of fay acids to sperm maturaon and quality. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. [Internet]. 2020; 2020:7038124. doı: hps://doi.org/pf9c [14] Dupont-Cyr BA, Le François NR, Christen F, Desrosiers V, Savoie A, Vandenberg GW, Dufresne F, Blier PU. Linseed oil as a substute for fish oil in the diet of Arcc charr (Salvelinus alpinus), brook charr (S. fonnalis) and their reciprocal hybrids. Aquac. Rep. [Internet]. 2022; 22:100949. doı: hps://doi.org/pf9d [15] Okumuş İ, Başçınar N. Studies on aquaculture potenal of brook trout (Salvelinus fonnalis). Lessons From The Past to Opmise the Future, European Aquaculture Society, Trondheim, Norway; 5 - 08 August 2005. pp.346-347. [16] Atasaral Şahin Ş, Başçınar N, Kocabaş M, Tufan B, Köse S, Okumuş İ. Evaluaon of meat yield, proximate composion and fay acid profile of cultured brook trout (Salvelinus fonnalis Mitchill, 1814) and Black Sea trout (Salmo trua labrax Pallas, 1811) in comparison with their hybrid. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. [Internet]. 2011; 11(2):261-271. doi: hps://doi.org/bw3737 [17] Atchison GJ. Fay acid levels in developing brook trout (Salvelinus fonnalis) eggs and fry. J. Fish. Board Can. [Internet]. 1975; 32(12):2513-2515. doı: hps://doi.org/ b2s5bb [18] Guillou A, Soucy P, Khalil M, Adambounou L. Effects of dietary vegetable and marine lipid on growth, muscle fay acid composion and organolepc quality of flesh of brook charr (Salvelinus fonnalis). Aquaculture. [Internet]. 1995; 136(3-4):351-362. doı: hps://doi.org/ bq3rc5 [19] Kleinová J, Brabec T, Mareš J. The spectrum of fay acids in lipids of Salvelinus fonnalis in relaon to the origin, feed and breeding density. Mendelnet. [Internet]. 2013 [cited 12 December 2024]; 216-220. Available in: hps:// goo.su/hQVlN [20] Zajic T, Mraz J, Sampels S, Pickova, J. Finishing feeding strategy as an instrument for modificaon of fay acid composion of brook char (Salvelinus fonnalis). Aquac. Int. [Internet]. 2016; 24:1641-1656. doı: hps://doi.org/ f9fdj9 [21] Gladyshev MI, Makhrov AA, Baydarov IV, Safonova SS, Golod VM, Alekseyev SS, Glushchenko LA, Rudchenko AE, Karpov VA, Sushchik NN. Fay acid composion and contents of fish of genus Salvelinus from natural ecosystems and aquaculture. Biomolecules. [Internet]. 2022; 12(1):144. doı: hps://doi.org/gpd7gn [22] Özyılmaz A, Ocak K, Demirci S. Divergences of biochemical features of three reared trouts; brook trout (Salvelinus fonnalis, Mitchill 1814), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972), and Black Sea trout (Salmo trua labrax Pallas 1811). J. Agric. Nat. [Internet]. 2023; 26(1):192-200. doı: hps://doi.org/pf9g [23] Hara AR, Radin NS. Lipid extracon of ssues with a low-toxicity solvent. Anal Biochem. [Internet]. 1978; 90(1):420-426. doı: hps://doi.org/b3c4h8 [24] Chrise WW. Gas Chromatography and Lipids. The Oil Press, Glaskow. 1992; 302 p. [25] Labbé C, Crowe LM, Crowe JH. Stability of the lipid component of trout sperm plasma membrane during freeze–thawing. Cryobiology. [Internet]. 1997; 34(2):176- 182. doı: hps://doi.org/c7d44r [26] Pustowka C, McNiven MA, Richardson GF, Lall SP. Source of dietary lipid affects sperm plasma membrane integrity and ferlity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) aſter cryopreservaon. Aquac. Res. [Internet]. 2000; 31:297-305. doı: hps://doi.org/fwwkcd [27] Tocher DR. Metabolism and funcons of lipids and fay acids in teleost fish. Rev. Fish. Sci. [Internet]. 2003; 11(2):107-184. doı: hps://doi.org/cxj9zx [28] Ramos-Júdez S, Estévez A, González-López WÁ, Duncan N. Lipid and fay acid composion of muscle, liver, ovary, and peritoneal fat in wild flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) according to ovarian development. Theriogenology. [Internet]. 2023; 198(1):317-326. doı: hps://doi.org/pf9h [29] Aslan SS, Guven KC, Gezgin T, Alpaslan M, Tekinay A. Comparison of fay acid contents of wild and cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. Fish. Sci. [Internet]. 2007; 73:1195-1198. doı: hps://doi.org/ dw9jpg [30] Lahnsteiner F, Mansour N, McNiven MA, Richardson GF. Fay acids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) semen: composion and effects on sperm funconality. Aquaculture. [Internet]. 2009; 298(1-2):118-124. doı: hps://doi.org/dmrhsw [31] Ashton HJ, Farkvam DO, March BE. Fay acid composion of lipids in the eggs and alevins from wild and cultured chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. [Internet]. 1993; 50(3):648-655. doı: hps://doi.org/b2sf4q [32] Harliolu AG. Comparave study of fay acid composion of gametes, embryos and larvae of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Pak. J. Zool. [Internet]. 2017; 49(5):1803-1808. doi: hps://doi.org/pgdc [33] Güler GO, Zengin G, Çakmak YS, Aktumsek A. Comparison of fay acid composions and ω3/ω6 raos of wild brown trout and cultured rainbow trout. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. [Internet]. 2017; 17:1179-1187. doı: hps:// doi.org/pgdd 5 of 6

Fay acid profile in gametes of brook trout / Kocabaş et al. UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA Serbiluz Sistema de Servicios Bibliotecarios y de Información Biblioteca Digital Repositorio Académico [34] Çankırılıgil EC, Berik N. Chemical composion of the Black Sea trout (Salmo labrax Pallas 1814): A comparave study. Aquat. Res. [Internet]. 2020; 3(4):208-219. doı: hps://doi.org/pgdf [35] Turgay Ö. Seasonal variaon of fay acid composion of trout (Salmo opimus). Batman Univ. Yaşam Bilim. Derg. 2020 [cited Sept. 13 2024]; 10(1):1-10. Available in: hps://goo.su/3XdabvK [36] Baki B, Ozturk DK, Tomgisi S. Comparave analysis of egg biochemical composion and egg producvity rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) in different staons in Turkey. Aquac. Stud. [Internet]. 2021; 21(3):117-127. doi: hps://doi.org/pgdg [37] Molversmyr E, Devle HM, Naess-Andresen CF, Ekeberg D. Idenficaon and quanficaon of lipids in wild and farmed Atlanc salmon (Salmo salar), and salmon feed by GC-MS. Food Sci. Nutr. [Internet]. 2022; 10(9):3117- 3127. doı: hps://doi.org/pgdh [38] Özgür ME, Erdogan S, Aydemir S, Yumusakbas H. Evaluaon of relaonship between sperm cell velocies and fay acids contents of semen seminal fluid in the two trout fish species. Pak. J. Zool. [Internet]. 2023; 55(2):863-870. doı: hps://doi.org/pgdj [39] Pérez MJ, Rodríguez C, Cejas JR, Marn MV, Jerez S, Lorenzo A. Lipid and fay acid content in wild white seabream (Diplodus sargus) broodstock at different stages of the reproducve cycle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. [Internet]. 2007; 146(2):187-196. doı: hps://doi.org/d2zcjc [40] Silversand C, Norberg B, Haux C. Fay-acid composion of ovulated eggs from wild and cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in relaon to yolk and oil globule lipids. Mar. Biol. [Internet]. 1996; 125:269-278. doı: hps://doi.org/ſthxq4 [41] Hosseini SV, Abedian-Kenari A, Regenstein JM, Rezaei M, Nazari RM, Moghaddasi M, Kaboli SA, Grant AAM. Effects of alternave dietary lipid sources on growth performance and fay acid composion of beluga sturgeon, Huso huso, juveniles. J. World Aquac. Soc. [Internet]. 2010; 41(4):471-489. doı: hps://doi.org/ cqbj83 [42] Ovissipour M, Rasco B. Fay acid and amino acid profiles of domesc and wild beluga (Huso huso) roe and impact on ferlizaon rao. J. Aquac. Res. Dev. [Internet]. 2011; 2(3):113. doı: hps://doi.org/cq7zg8 [43] Czesny S, Dabrowski K. The effect of egg fay acid concentraons on embryo viability in wild and domescated walleye (Szostedion vitreum). Aquat. Living Resour. [Internet]. 1998; 11(6):371-378. doı: hps://doi.org/bnd58s [44] Czesny S, Dabrowski K, Christensen JE, VanEenennaam JP, Doroshov SI. Discriminaon of wild and domesc origin of sturgeon ova based on lipids and fay acid analysis. Aquaculture. [Internet]. 2000; 189(1-2):145-153. doı: hps://doi.org/fqpsd2 [45] Gallagher ML, Paramore L, Alves D, Rulifson RA. Comparison of phospholipid and fay acid composion of wild and cultured striped bass eggs. J. Fish Biol. [Internet]. 1998; 52(6):1218-1228. doı: hps://doi.org/ brm8kj [46] Mansour N, Lahnsteiner F, McNiven MA, Richardson GF, Pelleer CS. Relaonship between ferlity and fay acid profile of sperm and eggs in Arcc char, Salvelinus alpinus. Aquaculture. [Internet]. 2011; 318(3-4):371-378. doı: hps://doi.org/vj4n 6 of 6