Potencial de producción de cabras locales en pastoreo y su progenie bajo un programa de alimentación complementaria pre y post parto

• Jorge Alonso Maldonado–Jáquez Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Programa de Ganadería. Montecillo, Estado de México, México - Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna. Matamoros, Coahuila, México
• Lorenzo Danilo Granados–Rivera Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental General Terán. General Terán, Nuevo León, México
• Omar Hernández–Mendo Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Programa de Ganadería. Montecillo, Estado de México, México
• Jaime Gallegos–Sánchez Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Programa de Ganadería. Montecillo, Estado de México, México
• José Saturnino Mora–Flores Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Programa de Economía. Montecillo, Estado de México, México
• Glafiro Torres–Hernández Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Programa de Ganadería. Montecillo, Estado de México, México

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e33273

Palabras clave: Cabra, zona árida, comunidad rural, potencial genético

Resumen

La producción de leche de cabra bajo pastoreo extensivo es muy importante para asegurar un crecimiento adecuado de las crías, sin embargo, la productividad de las cabras locales y su progenie no ha sido caracterizada con precisión, particularmente en la región semiárida del norte de México. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento del potencial productivo de las cabras locales y sus crías, cuando son sometidas a un programa de alimentación complementaria en el período de pre y posparto. Se utilizaron 24 cabras locales y su progenie (n=40) y se dividieron en dos grupos: 1) Grupo control; alimentado exclusivamente bajo pastoreo, 2) Grupo complementado; se ofreció una complementación alimenticia a razón de 1,5% del peso vivo 45 d antes y 45 d después del parto. Se encontraron diferencias por tratamiento (P<0,05) para peso a la venta del cabrito (PVC), edad a la venta de cabrito (EVC), ganancia diaria de peso del cabrito (GDPC) y producción de leche de las madres (PLM). El porcentaje de mortalidad de crías, peso al nacimiento (PN), contenido de grasa de la leche y peso vivo de las madres (PVM) no difirieron entre tratamientos (P>0,05). Se encontraron correlaciones positivas altas entre el PN, PVC y GDPC (P<0,0001), y negativa con EVC. Por otro lado, PVC se correlacionó positivamente (P<0,05) con GDPC y PLM. Finalmente, EVC se correlacionó negativamente con GDPC (P<0,0001) así como GDPC con PLM (P<0,001) y contenido de proteína (P<0,05). Se concluye que la complementación pre y post parto en cabras locales ayuda a expresar el potencial productivo para la producción de leche, además de proteína y lactosa al inicio de la lactancia, lo que a su vez mejora el desempeño de su progenie.

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