El efecto protector del extracto de Granada contra la úlcera gástrica experimental inducida por etanol en ratas

• Zelal Karakoç Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Laboratory Animals. Diyarbakır, Türkiye
• İdris Oruç Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology–Internal Medicine. Diyarbakır, Türkiye
• Bircan Çeken–Toptancı Dicle University, Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques. Diyarbakir, Türkiye
• Nazan Baksi Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Laboratory Animals. Diyarbakır, Türkiye
• Muzaffer Aydın Ketani Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology. Diyarbakır, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34322

Palabras clave: Gastritis, inmunohistoquímica, moléculas de clase MHC, extracto de granada, rata

Resumen

La granada (Punica granatum) es una fruta que se encuentra comúnmente en el Mediterráneo e Irán, y que tiene una variedad de usos que incluyen fines medicinales, cosméticos y como especia en aplicaciones culinarias. Las funciones farmacológicas de la granada incluyen propiedades antioxidantes, antitumorales, anti hepatotoxicidad, anti lipoperoxidación y antibacterianas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia terapéutica del extracto de granada mediante la utilización de su actividad antioxidante en un modelo experimental de gastritis inducida por etanol en ratas. En el estudio se utilizaron 24 ratas albinas Wistar hembra (de 180 a 200 g). La gastritis en ratas se indujo utilizando etanol. En los grupos experimentales, se examinaron el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, la mieloperoxidasa, la superóxido dismutasa y el malondialdehído para análisis bioquímicos. Se aplicó el método de inmunohistoquímica de estreptavidina peroxidasa a tejidos gástricos con gastritis. Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de superóxido dismutasa y mieloperoxidasa. La inmunorreactividad de CD8 y CD68 fue mayor en el grupo de etanol en comparación con los otros grupos. Se observó una disminución en la inmunorreactividad positiva para CD8 y CD68 en el grupo de etanol + extracto de granada en comparación con el grupo de etanol. El estudio encontró que la inmunorreactividad de MHC–I y MHC–II se encontró en ubicaciones específicas, a saber, linfocitos intraepiteliales ubicados en el epitelio, algunos endoteliales de vasos capilares y tejido conectivo. Los cambios en los marcadores de estrés antioxidante, como la superóxido dismutasa y la mieloperoxidasa, contribuyeron al efecto protector de la mucosa del extracto de granada en la gastritis inducida por etanol.

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