Concentraciones de adipocinas en ovejas con toxemia de gestación experimental. Un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado
Resumen
La toxemia del embarazo (PT) es una enfermedad metabólica de los pequeños rumiantes que se desarrolla durante el último período de la gestación y puede provocar la muerte. Teniendo en cuenta la alta tasa de mortalidad, el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad es importante para minimizar las pérdidas económicas. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las concentraciones de algunas adipocinas (Leptina, Apelina, Resistina) y algunos otros parámetros bioquímicos por su papel en el diagnóstico y pronóstico del PT. En el estudio se utilizaron 50 ovejas de la raza Kangal que tenían entre 2 y 4 años. Los animales incluidos en el estudio fueron sometidos a sincronización de estro. Se introdujeron carneros a todas las ovejas sometidas a sincronización. Las hembras gestantes fueron diagnosticadas mediante ecografía los días 25, 60 y 110 después del apareamiento. Se incluyeron en el estudio 16 ovejas con fetos gemelos, cuya viabilidad fetal continuaba, después de exámenes generales. Durante los primeros 110 días de gestación, las ovejas se mantuvieron en condiciones de pastoreo. Al final del día 110, las 16 ovejas preñadas con gemelos se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos (Control y PT). Las ovejas del grupo de control fueron alimentadas para satisfacer los requerimientos nutricionales. Las ovejas del grupo PT experimental fueron alimentadas con el equivalente al 50% de las necesidades diarias durante 20 días y luego ayunaron durante 72 horas (141–143). Durante el estudio, se tomaron muestras de sangre a través de la vena yugular cada 5 días desde el día 120 hasta el día 140. En las muestras se midieron BHBA, glucosa, leptina, resistina, insulina y apelina. Se recogieron muestras de biopsia hepática dos veces de todas las ovejas los días 120 y 143. Como resultado, en el grupo PT, las concentraciones de BHBA y leptina aumentaron significativamente mientras que los niveles de glucosa se redujeron significativamente. Las concentraciones de Resistina, Insulina y Apelina fueron similares en ambos grupos. En conclusión, la monitorización de BHBA, glucosa y leptina en PT puede ser útil.
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