Un análisis comparativo de los efectos de la Medetomidina y la Dexmedetomidina sobre los parámetros hemodinámicos en gatos. Nota técnica

• Eylem Bektaş Bilgiç Istanbul University–Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery. Istanbul, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34472

Palabras clave: Presión arterial, Dexmedetomidina, Medetomidina, frecuencia cardíaca, parámetros hemodinámicos

Resumen

Los parámetros hemodinámicos son indicadores clínicos, utilizados en la Medicina Humana y Veterinaria para evaluar el estado general de salud de los pacientes e identificar posibles riesgos. Los agonistas de los adrenoreceptores alfa–2, como la Medetomidina y la Dexmedetomidina, son conocidos por producir una premedicación dependiente de la dosis que varía de leve a profunda y tienen efectos cardiovasculares significativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de estos agonistas de los adrenoreceptores alfa–2 comúnmente utilizados en los parámetros hemodinámicos, especialmente la presión arterial. Para conseguirlo, se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos 100 gatos de edades comprendidas entre 6 meses y 7 años. Se analizaron los parámetros hemodinámicos tanto antes como 5 minutos después de la premedicación con Medetomidina o Dexmedetomidina. Aunque hubo cambios significativos en los parámetros hemodinámicos antes y después de la premedicación dentro de cada grupo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos estudiados. En conclusión, se encontró que los efectos de dosis equivalentes de Medetomidina y Dexmedetomidina sobre los parámetros hemodinámicos eran similares en los gatos.

Citas

Havlik J, Vitâcek J. Device for hemodynamic parameters measurement in veterinary medicine of small animals [Internet]. In: 11th International Conference. on Sensor Device Technologies and Applications; 21–25 Nov. 2020; Valencia (Spain): IARIA; 2020 [cited 20 Apr. 2024]. p. 86–89. Available in: https://goo.su/kvxH4

Norkus CL, Rivituso NL. Noninvasive arterial blood pressure monitoring. In: Burkitt Creedon JM, Davis H, editors. Advanced Monitoring and Procedures for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ, USA): Wiley–Blackwell; 2023. p.181–191. doi: https://doi.org/nrwg

Dugdale A, Beaumont G, Bradbrook C, Gurney M. Veterinary Anaesthesia: Principles to Practice. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ, USA): Wiley–Blackwell; 2020. Chapter 4, Sedation and Premedication: Small Animals. p. 55–77.

Haskins SC. Monitoring anesthetized patients. In: Grimm KA, Lamont LA, Tranquilli WJ, Greene SA, Robertson SA. Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia: The fifth edition of lumb and jones [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ, USA): John Wiley & Sons; 2015. p. 86–113. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8m

Calesso JR, de Souza MC, Cecci GRM, Zanutto MS, Zacarias Júnior A, Holsback L, Fagnani R, Marchi PN, Cardoso MJL. Blood pressure evaluation in dogs by the method Doppler and oscillometric. Open J. Vet. Med. [Internet]. 2018; 8(11):198–206. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8n

Cunha AF, Johnson RA. Cardiovascular Monitoring. In: Cooley KG, Johnson RA, editors. Veterinary anesthetic and monitoring equipment [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ, USA): Wiley–Blackwell; 2018. p. 235–251. doi: https://doi.org/nrwj

Lloyd F. Blood pressure measurement in cats and dogs: considerations for the clinician. Companion Anim. [Internet]. 2018; 23(4):218–223. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8p

Tranquilli WJ, Grimm KA. Use, definitions, history, concepts, classification, and considerations for cnesthesia and Analgesia. In: Grimm KA, Lamont LA, Tranquilli WJ, Greene SA, Robertson SA. Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia: The fifth edition of lumb and jones [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ, USA): John Wiley & Sons; 2015. p. 1–10. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8q

Kayhan Z. Klinik Anestezi [Anesthesia Clinic]. 4th ed. Istanbul (Türkiye): Logos; 2019. Izlem, Olçüm, Görüntüleme, Değerlendirme ve Kayıt Yöntemleri [Monitoring, Measurement, Imaging, Evaluation and Recording Methods]. p. 46–81. Turkish.

Ko JC. Anesthesia monitoring and management. In: Ko JC, editor. Small Animal Anesthesia and Pain Management. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press; 2018. p. 123–140.

Smith LJ, Murrel J. Pre–anesthetic sedative drugs. In: Smith LJ, editor. Questions and answers in small animal anesthesia [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ, USA): John Wiley & Sons; 2015. p.33–43. doi: https://doi.org/nrws

Ansah OB, Raekallio M, Vainio O. Comparison of three doses of dexmedetomidine with medetomidine in cats following intramuscular administration. J Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. [Internet]. 1998; 21(5):380–387. doi: https://doi.org/dkskxs

Burnside WM, Flecknell PA, Cameron AI, Thomas AA. A comparison of medetomidine and its active enantiomer dexmedetomidine when administered with ketamine in mice. BMC. Vet. Res. [Internet]. 2013; 9:48. doi: https://doi.org/f4qpgq

Ko JC, Raffe MR, Knesl O, Inoue T, Weil AB. FAQs: Analgesia, Sedation, and Anesthesia. Making the switch from medetomidine to dexmedetomidine. Compend. Contin. Educ. Vet. [Internet]. 2009 [cited 13 Oct. 2023]; 31(Suppl. 1A):1–16. Available in: https://goo.su/VJURO3

Kuusela E, Raekallio M, Väisänen M, Mykkänen K, Ropponen H, Vainio O. Comparison of medetomidine and dexmedetomidine as premedicants in dogs undergoing propofol–isoflurane anesthesia. Am. J. Vet. Res. [Internet]. 2001; 62(7):1073–1080. doi: https://doi.org/fkf9f3

Murrell JC. Pre–anaesthetic medication and sedation. In: Duke–Novakovski T, de Vries M, Seymour C, editors. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 3rd ed. [Internet]. Aberystwyth (United Kingdom): British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2016; p. 170–189. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8r

Lee LY. Preanesthetic evaluations in small animals–which values to look for? [Internet]. In: Proceedings of the 36th World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress; 11–15 Apr. 2011. Jeju (Korea): WSAVA; 2011 [cited 10 Feb. 2024]; p. 35–38. Available in: https://goo.su/N5XOh

MSD Manual: Veterinary Manual [Internet]. Rahway (NJ, USA): MSD; 2023. Kittleson MD. Heart Disease: Conduction Abnormalities in Dogs and Cats. MSD VM. [Internet]. 2023 [cited 13 Oct. 2023]. Available in: https://goo.su/sQsNQ1

PetMD: Diseases A–Z [Internet]. USA: Chewy; 2008. PetMD Editorial. Rapid Heart Rate in Cats. 2010 [cited 13 Oct. 2023]. Available in: https://goo.su/7cK3o5z

Veterinary Partner. First aid [Internet]. USA: Veterinary Infromation Network; 1991–2023. Gfeller R, Thomas M, Mayo I. Physical exam checklist for pets: First aid. 2020 [cited 13 Oct. 2023]. Available in: https://goo.su/UBjna

Sierra LK, Savino E. Blood pressure monitoring from a nursing perspective: Part 2: blood pressure monitoring techniques. Today’s Vet. Pract. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 10 Oct. 2023]; 5(2):93–98. Available in: https://goo.su/0WgJiBF

Plummer P. Noninvasive blood pressure monitoring in the canine and feline patient. Today’s Vet. Nurse. [Internet]. 2023 [cited 10 Oct. 2023]; 6(2):42–46. Available in: https://goo.su/aHy9pC

Sager J, McKune CM. Anesthesia equipment and monitoring. In: Shelby AM, McKune CM, editors. Small Animal Anesthesia Techniques. 2nd ed. [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ, USA): John Wiley & Sons; 2023. p.28–51. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8s

Clark L. Monitoring the anaesthetised patient. In: Welsh L, editor. Anaesthesia for veterinary nurses. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ, USA): Wiley–Blackwell; 2009; 233–267.

Simon BT, Scallan EM, Coursey CD, Kiehl WM, Moore EJ. The clinical effects of a low dose dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion in isoflurane anesthetized cats. Vet. J. [Internet]. 2018; 234:55–60. doi: https://doi.org/gdmc2c

Skelding A, Valverde A. Non–invasive blood pressure measurement in animals: Part 1–Techniques for measurement and validation of non–invasive devices. Can. Vet. J. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 20 Apr. 2024]; 61(4):368–374. PMID: 32255821

Qimby JM. Effect of stress on physiologic parameters in cats. In: Proceedings of the 41st World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress; 26–30 Sep. 2016; Cartagena (Colombia): WSAVA; 2016. [cited 10 Feb. 2024]; Available in: https://goo.su/fN0J

Hart J. Association between heart rate variability and manual pulse rate. J Can. Chiropr. Assoc. [Internet]. 2013 [cited 20 Apr. 2024]; 57(3):243–250. PMID: 23997250.

Nicolás–Barceló P, Facchin M, Martínez–Taboada F, Barrera R, Cristóbal JI, González MA, Duran–Galea A, Marcias–Garcia B, Duque JF. Effects of sedation with medetomidine and dexmedetomidine on Doppler measurements of Ovarian artery blood flow in bitches. Animals [Internet]. 2021; 11(2):538. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8t

Sinclair MD. A review of the physiological effects of α2–agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. Can. Vet. J. [Internet]. 2003 [cited 15 May 2024]; 44(11):885–897. PMID: 14664351. Available in: https://goo.su/wyAMzSE

Robertson SA, Gogolski SM, Pascoe P, Shafford HL, Sager J, Griffenhagen GM. AAFP Feline Anesthesia Guidelines. J. Feline Med. Surg. [Internet]. 2018; 20(7):602–634. doi: https://doi.org/h9k8

Reineke EL, Rees C, Drobatz KJ. Prediction of systolic blood pressure using peripheral pulse palpation in cats. J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care. [Internet]. 2016; 26(1):52–57. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8v

Johard E, Tidholm A, Ljungvall I, Häggström J, Höglund K. Effects of sedation with dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine on echocardiographic variables, blood pressure and heart rate in healthy cats. J. Feline Med. Surg. [Internet]. 2018; 20(6):554–562. doi: https://doi.org/gjcnrp

Schauvliege S. Patient monitoring and monitoring equipment. In: Duke–Novakovski T, de Vries M, Seymour C, editors. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 3rd ed. [Internet]. Aberystwyth (United Kingdom): British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2016. p. 77–96. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8w

Bennett RC, Restitutti F. Dexmedetomidine or medetomidine: which should veterinary surgeons select? Companion Anim. [Internet]. 2016; 21(3):128–137. doi: https://doi.org/g8qk8x