Determinación de Mannheimia haemolytica y sus genes de resistencia a antibióticos macrólidos en neumonía fibrinosa del ganado bovino

• Fatih Hatipoglu Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Konya, Türkiye - Kyrgyz–Turkish Manas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Bishkek, Kyrgyzistan
• Funda Terzi Kastamonu University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Kastamonu, Türkiye
• Mehmet Burak Ates Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Konya, Türkiye
• Asli Balevi Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology. Konya, Türkiye
• Ozgur Ozdemir Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Konya, Türkiye
• Mustafa Ortatatli Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Konya, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34506

Palabras clave: Mannheimia haemolytica, neumonía fibrinosa, erm (42), msr (E), mph (E), macrólido, resistencia a antibióticos, ganado bovino

Resumen

El diagnóstico precoz y el inicio oportuno de un tratamiento eficaz son fundamentales para la pasteurelosis neumónica, causada principalmente por Mannheimia haemolytica. Pero recientemente, han comenzado a surgir cepas de M. haemolytica resistentes a los antibióticos, lo que dificulta el tratamiento de las infecciones. Por lo tanto, es importante investigar los genes erm (42), msr (E) y mph (E), que se consideran responsables de la resistencia a los antibióticos. El propósito del presente estudio tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la presencia de M. haemolytica mediante el método IHC a partir de muestras de tejido pulmonar de bovinos jóvenes, adultos y terneros, también identificar los genes erm (42), msr (E) y mph (E), que se detectan principalmente en Pasteurella multocida pero recientemente en M. haemolytica, mediante el método PCR. En nuestro estudio se utilizaron bloques de parafina obtenidos de 100 muestras pulmonares de bovinos jóvenes, adultos y terneros, y cuyo tratamiento no tuvo respuesta. Por consiguiente, se detectó la presencia de M. haemolytica mediante IHC en un total de 52 casos, en 21 (38%) de los terneros, 22 (69%) de los bovinos jóvenes y 9 (69%) de los bovinos adultos.. Se encontró al menos un gen de resistencia a macrólidos mediante el método de PCR en tiempo real en el 75% de estos casos positivos. Se pensaba que la frecuencia de estos genes, que provocan resistencia al aumentar las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas de antibióticos del grupo de los macrólidos utilizados en el tratamiento, en cantidades elevadas, dificulta el tratamiento de infecciones generando graves pérdidas económicas, al provocar errores en la selección efectiva de antibióticos. Recientemente, han comenzado a surgir cepas de M. haemolytica resistentes a los antibióticos, lo que dificulta el tratamiento de las infecciones. Por este motivo, se recomienda se renueven periódicamente por posible desarrollo de resistencias y se evite el uso repetido de antibióticos con forma resistiva.

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