Detección de partículas plásticas en sangre de equinos mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido
Resumen
El estudio se llevó a cabo en la provincia del Guayas, ubicado en la región Costa del Ecuador, donde se analizaron muestras de sangre de 30 equinos de diversas razas (Pura Sangre, Poni y Mestizos) para detectar la presencia de micro y nanoplásticos (MPs y NPs), con animales de entre 2 y 12 años de edad, un peso corporal (PC) de entre 100 y 380 Kg, y una condición corporal (CC) de 5 y 6 (en escala del 1 al 9), seleccionados aleatoriamente, alimentados con pastizales naturales y suplementos balanceados, se utilizó técnicas de frotis sanguíneo y microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) para identificar y cuantificar las partículas plásticas, los resultados no mostraron la presencia de MPs, pero se identificaron NPs en el extendido de sangre de todos los animales, con un promedio de 51 partículas por campo de 1700 micrómetros cuadrados (µm²) a una profundidad de 5 micrómetros (µm), y un tamaño promedio de 426,33 nanómetros (nm), no se evidenció significancia en la cantidad o tamaño de las NPs entre los géneros (hembras y machos) (P=0,288), se observó una mayor presencia de NPs en equinos de menor edad (P<0,040), en la Raza pura sangre, las partículas plásticas encontradas fueron de mayor tamaño (P<0,020), y los Mestizos presentaron mayor cantidad de NPs (P<0,010), en comparación con otras razas, la investigación concluye que las NPs están presentes en la sangre de los equinos, lo que deja en evidencia la capacidad de estos contaminantes para ingresar al organismo y potencialmente causar efectos adversos en la salud, en particular, los animales más jóvenes mostraron mayor presencia de NPs en sangre, lo que sugiere que los efectos de la exposición podrían ser más severos en las primeras etapas de vida.
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