Propiedades terapéuticas del própolis Argelino en la cicatrización de heridas cutáneas con pérdida significativa de tejido
Resumen
Este estudio investiga las propiedades terapéuticas del propóleo argelino en la cicatrización de heridas cutáneas con pérdida significativa de tejido. Incluye una fase in vitro para formular una pomada a base de extracto etanólico de propóleo argelino (EEPA) y evaluar su actividad antimicrobiana, y una fase in vivo para comparar sus efectos con la crema de sulfadiazina de plata y un grupo de control en la cicatrización de heridas en conejos. En la fase in vitro, se probaron dos muestras de propóleo (P1 y P2) contra Staphylococcus aureus, mostrando zonas de inhibición de 9,5 ± 1,04 mm (P1) y 11,8 ± 0,65 mm (P2). En la fase in vivo, el grupo tratado con propóleo (PG) logró el cierre completo de la herida (16 cm²) en 16 a 30 días (d), en comparación con los 24 a 36 d del grupo tratado con sulfadiazina de plata (SDG), mientras que el grupo control (CG) no logró un cierre completo después de 36 d. Los puntajes de cicatrización fueron más altos en PG (2,27 ± 0,59 a 2,80 ± 0,46), y las evaluaciones del apósito también fueron superiores (2,5 ± 0,51). Se observó un crecimiento más rápido del pelaje en PG, mejorando la estética de la herida. La hipotermia postoperatoria afectó a todos los grupos, siendo más pronunciada en CG (>2°C) con mayor mortalidad. En conclusión, el propóleo argelino, especialmente P2, mostró una actividad superior debido a su mayor contenido de polifenoles, lo que demuestra su potencial como agente antimicrobiano natural muestra un gran potencial en el manejo de heridas al mejorar la protección antimicrobiana, acelerar la cicatrización y optimizar la estética de la piel. Se requieren más estudios para optimizar su aplicación y esclarecer sus mecanismos de acción.
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