Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
Esta publicación cientíca en formato digital es continuidad de la revista impresa
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Vol.39 N° 70
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ISSN 0798- 1406 ~ De pó si to le gal pp 198502ZU132
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas
La re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas, es una pu bli ca ción aus pi cia da por el Ins ti tu to
de Es tu dios Po lí ti cos y De re cho Pú bli co “Dr. Hum ber to J. La Ro che” (IEPDP) de la Fa-
cul tad de Cien cias Ju rí di cas y Po lí ti cas de la Uni ver si dad del Zu lia.
En tre sus ob je ti vos fi gu ran: con tri buir con el pro gre so cien tí fi co de las Cien cias
Hu ma nas y So cia les, a tra vés de la di vul ga ción de los re sul ta dos lo gra dos por sus in ves-
ti ga do res; es ti mu lar la in ves ti ga ción en es tas áreas del sa ber; y pro pi ciar la pre sen ta-
ción, dis cu sión y con fron ta ción de las ideas y avan ces cien tí fi cos con com pro mi so so cial.
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas apa re ce dos ve ces al año y pu bli ca tra ba jos ori gi na les con
avan ces o re sul ta dos de in ves ti ga ción en las áreas de Cien cia Po lí ti ca y De re cho Pú bli-
co, los cua les son so me ti dos a la con si de ra ción de ár bi tros ca li fi ca dos.
ESTA PU BLI CA CIÓN APA RE CE RE SE ÑA DA, EN TRE OTROS ÍN DI CES, EN
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nes Cien tí fi cas y Tec no ló gi cas Ve ne zo la nas del FO NA CIT, La tin dex.
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Asis ten tes Ad mi nis tra ti vos
Joan López Urdaneta y Nil da Ma rín
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Vol. 39, Nº 70 (2021), 733-741
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Recibido el 12/07/2021 Aceptado el 21/09/2021
Supporting System of the National Security
System of Ukraine: Legal Regulation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.43
Oleksiy Titarenkо *
Tetiana Chekhovych **
Andrii Minchenko ***
Tetiana Morhunova ****
Mykhailo Striuk
*****
Abstract
The purpose of the investigation is to determine the
components of Ukraine’s national security support system and
the nature of its implementation in the context of current events
in the country. As the main content of the investigation, it has
carried out a comprehensive analysis of the state of national
security in Ukraine, its system, main tasks, and structural
elements. In addition, it has examined the state of realization
of Ukraine’s national security in the context of modern developments in
the state. Methodologically, the documentary research technique was
used since the main sources of the study were documentary. The basis is
the dialectical method of knowledge of the facts of social reality, on which
comparative formal and legal approaches are largely based. The main
organs that guarantee the national security of the state include the country’s
Armed Forces and all state power structures who have as their main task
assigned by the state: to guarantee the highest possible level of protection
of the nation together with its strategic interests.
Keywords: state security; national security; national security elements;
national security support system; legal basis of national
security in Ukraine.
* Oleksiy Titarenkо, Associate professor, Doctor of Science in Law, Professor at the Department of Law
enforcement activity and Criminal Law Disciplines, University of Customs and Finance, Ukraine.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3271-9402. Email: titarenkoaleksey1978@gmail.com
** Tetiana Chekhovych, Doctor of Science in Law, Associate Professor at the Constitutional Law
Department Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0001-9821-4127. Email: t.chekhovych@ukr.net
*** Andrii Minchenko, Associate Professor, Candidate of Legal Sciences, Head of the Department of Civil,
Commercial and Environmental Law, University of Customs and Finance. ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-8547-9676. Email: minchenko.andriy@gmail.com
**** Tetiana Morhunova. Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Professional
and Special Disciplines of Kherson Faculty, Odesa State University of Internal Aairs, Kherson,
Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-2425. Email: morgunova2017@ukr.net
***** Mykhailo Striuk. Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Law of the Dnipro University
of Technology. Dnipro, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-3090.
Email: stryuklawyer@gmail.com
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Oleksiy Titarenkо, Tetiana Chekhovych, Andrii Minchenko, Tetiana Morhunova y Mykhailo Striuk
Supporting System of the National Security System of Ukraine: Legal Regulation
Sistema de apoyo del sistema nacional de seguridad de
Ucrania: Reglamento legal
Resumen
El propósito de la investigación es determinar los componentes del
sistema de apoyo de la seguridad nacional de Ucrania y la naturaleza de
su implementación en el contexto de los eventos actuales en el país. A
modo de contenido principal de la investigación, se ha realizado un análisis
exhaustivo del estado de la seguridad nacional en Ucrania, su sistema,
tareas principales y elementos estructurales. Además, se ha examinado el
estado de realización de la seguridad nacional de Ucrania en el contexto
de los acontecimientos modernos en el estado. En lo metodológico se
hizo uso de la técnica de investigación documental ya que las principales
fuentes del estudio fueron documentales. La base es el método dialéctico
de conocimiento de los hechos de la realidad social, en el que se sustentan
en gran medida los enfoques legales formales y legales comparados. En las
conclusiones cabe señalar que los principales órganos que garantizan la
seguridad nacional del estado incluyen a las Fuerzas Armadas del país y
a todas las estructuras de poder estatales que tienen como tarea principal
asignada por el estado: garantizar el más alto nivel posible de protección de
la nación junto a sus intereses estratégicos.
Palabras clave: seguridad del estado; seguridad nacional; elementos
de seguridad nacional; sistema de apoyo a la seguridad
nacional; bases legales de la seguridad nacional en
Ucrania.
Introduction
Ukraine’s progressive development in today’s conditions depends
primarily on the implementation of eective policies in the eld of protection
of national interests and territorial integrity. Thus, the security of the state
is of great importance, which makes it possible to prevent and neutralize
any threats to the destruction of the interests of citizens, their property, as
well as life and health. The meaning of the concept of “national security”
is determined by the historical and sociopolitical conditions of the state
in which it is originated, operates and develops. It should be emphasized
that the understanding of the essence of national security diers among
dierent segments of the population. In particular, it is mainly associated
with the activities of special services or identied with the defense of the
state.
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1. Literature review
Analysis of publications that have begun to explain the problem has
been carried out. The issue of the national security and its understanding
is in the purview of such scholars as Liutikov, Kondratiev, V. Lipkan, H.
Sytnyk, etc. However, despite the large number of scientic papers that
investigate various aspects of national security of Ukraine, we can say that
in the context of recent events in our country and since the adoption of the
new Law of Ukraine “On National Security of Ukraine”, today there are no
fundamental theoretical and legal studies of the state of national security,
its system, main tasks and structural elements.
2. Material & methods
The methodological basis of the study is philosophical, general, and
special scientic methods. Thus, the system-structural method made it
possible to formulate the main elements of legal regulation to Ukrainian
national security system. Further, the application of the comparative and
legal method was useful in analyzing the dierences between national and
international law of Ukrainian national security system.
The use of methods of analysis, synthesis, systemic and structural-
functional methods allowed to study the main components of the system
of public administration in the eld of national security of Ukraine, their
connections and at the same time to analyze the administrative-legal category
“national security system” as a single whole, to formulate the concept of
“public administration in the sphere of national security of Ukraine”, to
analyze its nature and essence. The application of the structural-functional
method contributed to a comprehensive study of administrative and legal
relations that arise and are carried out in the process of protecting national
interests and guaranteeing the security of individuals, society, and the state
in Ukraine against external and internal threats in all spheres of life.
The comparative legal method was used in the process of studying and
theoretically substantiating dierent models of public administration.
The statistical method contributed to determining the main trends in
the development of public administration in the sphere of national
security of Ukraine in dierent conditions. The formal-legal method was
applied to analyze the practice of public administration in the sphere of
national security of Ukraine, etc. An integrated approach has contributed
to a comprehensive consideration of national security as a category of
administrative law, the study of its essence and content.
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Oleksiy Titarenkо, Tetiana Chekhovych, Andrii Minchenko, Tetiana Morhunova y Mykhailo Striuk
Supporting System of the National Security System of Ukraine: Legal Regulation
3. Results and discussion
The analysis of the domestic scientic literature makes it possible to
distinguish dierent approaches to understanding the concept of national
security. From the UN documents follows the approach according to which,
national security is understood as the security of the state in all spheres of
life of the people, as the sole bearer of sovereignty and source of state power
(Leheza et al., 2021).
For example, V.A. Lipkan understands national security as a set of
ocially adopted views on goals and state strategy in the eld of ensuring the
security of individuals, society, and the state against external and internal
threats of political, economic, social, military, man-made, ecological,
informational and other kinds, taking into account the available resources
and capabilities (Lipkan et al., 2006).
Ya.Yu. Kondratiev denes that national security is the ability of a nation
to meet the needs necessary for its self-preservation, self-reproduction and
self-improvement with minimal risk of damage to the basic values of its
current state (Kondratiev and Lipkan, 2003).
M.O. Kosolapov arms that security is a stability that can be maintained
over the long term, a state of reasonable dynamic protection against the
most signicant of the actual threats and dangers, as well as the ability to
recognize such challenges and take timely measures to their neutralization
(Kosolapov, 1992).
It should be noted that it is traditionally believed that the basis of the
national security of any country at any time is the preservation of the state
within the borders in which it exists at this historical moment. Therefore,
the threat to state “integrity” is supposedly a universal and non-ideological
characteristic. This threat is especially evident during the war, as a result of
which the latter is always a reason for national consolidation (i.e. emotional
experience of unity beyond all social and class divisions) and national
mobilization (Andrieieva, 2009).
Consequently, it can be conrmed that there are indeed many dierent
approaches to understanding national security, all of which dier to a
certain extent, but we can state that we are talking about a whole complex
of political, economic, social, health, military and legal measures aimed
at ensuring the normal functioning of the nation and eliminating possible
threats to the state (Leheza et al., 2021).
The problem of national security is related to political stability. If national
security is a permanent system of protection of the interests of citizens of the
country and the state in all spheres of society (from economy and defense
to the daily security of citizens), then political stability is a state of society
directly aected by the current national security system. If we consider
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Vol. 39 Nº 70 (2021): 733-741
the national security of the country as a system of preserving the interests
of the country as a whole to ensure its strategic development, it implies a
certain balance between controlling resource ows and the implementation
of decisions at all levels of executive power. In addition, this requires the
eective functioning of all branches of state power (Sytnyk, 2012a).
It is well known that the main objects of national security are citizens,
their constitutional rights and freedoms, as well as their lives and health.
Based on this, the main task of every state governed by the rule of law and
democracy, which recognizes the human being as the supreme social value,
is to ensure proper conditions for human existence, preservation of health,
honour, dignity, the right to self-determination and, of course, private
property (Leheza et al., 2021).
National security in Ukraine is seen as a state of protection through the
implementation of an eective state policy of vital interests in accordance
with national and international law in various spheres of public life
(Pryimachenko et al., 2021).
In addition, the protection of individual and citizen, society and the state
is also ensured by its relevant activities, which reduce or avert probable
threats and increase the protective, mobilizing functions in times of danger.
At the heart of this activity is the assertion and realization of the national
interest of the country, a global, comprehensive integrated interest, the
implementation of which allows the realization of vital private, group and
public interests of the vast majority of citizens. Thus, national security is
a kind of synthesis of interests and needs of all social actors (Smolianiuk,
2017).
As regards the threats in question, they can arise in various spheres of
life. They are of a subjective and objective nature. Everything that man has
created with his own hands can be a threat to his existence. Rapid scientic
and technological progress, globalization, modernization, the constant
growth of human needs have also given rise to negative consequences.
Examples of new threats include transport accidents, catastrophes,
explosions at nuclear power plants and chemical plants, the improvement
of weapons of mass destruction, the destruction of the Earth’s ozone
layer, global warming, etc. There are many classications of threats to
national and international security based on various criteria. Most scholars
distinguish according to the nature of threats: political, military, economic,
social, cultural, environmental, and ideological (Pylypenko, 2014).
For example, speaking of Ukraine today, the current threats to the
national security of our state include aggressive actions of the Russian
Federation to deplete the Ukrainian economy and undermine social
and political stability in order to destroy the Ukrainian state and seize
its territory; ineciency of the national security and defense system of
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Oleksiy Titarenkо, Tetiana Chekhovych, Andrii Minchenko, Tetiana Morhunova y Mykhailo Striuk
Supporting System of the National Security System of Ukraine: Legal Regulation
Ukraine, corruption and inecient public administration system, economic
crisis, depletion of nancial resources, lower living standards, threats to
energy security, threats to information security, threats to cybersecurity
and security of information resources, threats to the security of critical
infrastructure, threats to environmental security, etc (Pryimachenko et al.,
2021).
In addition, as an example, it is worth mentioning the events in Syria
related to the conict in this country, mass refugee ows, exacerbation
of terrorism in Europe, the deteriorating humanitarian situation on the
periphery of the EU, neighboring countries, growing internal tensions in
some European countries and the strengthening of nationalist, extremist
parties and movements - all this clearly illustrates the trends in the
development of transnational threats to modern states (Yuskiv, 2016).
As already mentioned, national security is ensured by realizing the
priority of national interests, timely action and based on the principles of a
democratic state governed by the rule of law.
Any state and Ukraine is no exception, is not able to simultaneously
cover the whole range of problematic issues in the eld of national security
and begin to solve them. There are quite obvious limitations on the means
and resources that are available, the means of their application. Hence,
it follows the need to identify priority national interests and goals, which
should be claried in the process of developing national security policy. That
is why, under any circumstances, national security policy should primarily
be aimed at ensuring the geopolitical interests of Ukraine, its independence,
political stability, and progressive socio-economic development. In the eld
of domestic policy, the main prerequisite for achieving the protection of
national interests should be the unication of the nation to solve spiritual,
cultural, and material problems based on general stability and harmony
in the state, nonviolent resolution of internal social conicts, and external
- planning and implementation of foreign policy actions from the point of
view of ensuring national interests (Sytnyk, 2010).
In every developed foreign country, national security, due to its multi-
component nature, requires an eective system to ensure it. One of the
primary tasks is to ensure national security through actions aimed at
protecting and realizing national values and interests, in the context of
which the question of the need for a certain strategy is raised.
France, for example, has a national security strategy that includes ve
main functions to be provided by the defense and security forces: knowledge
and warnings; prevention, deterrence, protection, and intervention.
Knowledge and warnings are a new strategic function. The French believe
that knowledge is the rst line of defense in an unstable world. Knowledge
guarantees their traditional autonomy in decision-making and provides an
opportunity for France to take the strategic initiative within both NATO
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and the EU. In addition, France identies four priorities in protecting
Europeans: strengthening cooperation in the ght against terrorism and
organized crime; improving European defense capabilities; coordinating
defense agencies against cyber attacks; and providing a reliable supply of
energy and strategic raw materials. In order to combat them in France in
2008 a new body, the Defense and National Security Council, was created
for the rst time (Sytnyk, 2012b).
Thus, if there is a strategy of national security, the system of national
security is created by the state, an appropriate system of both state and
non-state institutions, using theoretical and methodological, normative
and legal, information and analytical, organizational and managerial,
intelligence principles are designed to solve problems of national security in
a certain way dened by the legislation. The main elements of the national
security system, respectively, are its subjects and objects. In order to ensure
its integrity, it is also important to have direct and feedback links between
them, interaction with the political organization of the state as a whole, the
inuence of internal and external environment (Reznikova, 2015).
The structures of the national security system include, inter alia, state
authorities and their powers, legislative support (the regulatory framework
for the activities of these authorities) non-governmental organizations and
their regulations. As for the rst structures, they should deal with national
security in a systematic way, using the entire powerful potential of our
state, while the second - non-governmental organizations - belong to civil
society. It should be noted that with the weakness and fragmentation of
civil society, it is dicult to believe that the network of these institutions is
able to ensure the interests of the citizen at the state level.
It is worth noting that the system of ensuring national security is not just
a set of interacting structures, but also a certain process of formation of the
legal eld and political decision-making in the sphere of ensuring national
security. The structure of the system to ensure national security should
include a subsystem, the main function of which is not only the development
and adoption of state-management decisions on the implementation of
national security policy, but also the formation of the legal eld of the said
policy. This function is performed by the system of state management of
national security, which is a subsystem of the national security system
(Sytnyk, 2012b).
Conclusion
Thus, the system of national security has its components, which include:
protection of state sovereignty and territorial integrity; guaranteeing
the constitutional order; creating conditions for political and economic
independence; ensuring public order; ght against crime, etc.
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Oleksiy Titarenkо, Tetiana Chekhovych, Andrii Minchenko, Tetiana Morhunova y Mykhailo Striuk
Supporting System of the National Security System of Ukraine: Legal Regulation
It is clear that all these actions are carried out by authorized bodies,
which in accordance with their competence implement various state
programs, regulations, directives and international treaties, as well as the
rules of domestic law. It should be noted that the main bodies that ensure
the national security of the state include, rst of all, the Armed Forces of
the countries and all power structures of the state. All of them have the
main task assigned to them by the state - to ensure a high level of protection
of national interests, in the context of which appropriate conditions are
created for the stable development of each individual, society and state. It
should be emphasized that the condition for the eectiveness of this policy
is the priority of non-violent ways to protect national interests and values.
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
en octubre de 2021, por el Fondo Editorial Serbiluz,
Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.39 Nº 70
