Problems of implementing international digitalisation standards of criminal investigation
Palabras clave:
digitalización de datos, investigación criminal, policía, estándares internacionales, implementación de cambios legislativos
Resumen
El estudio consistió en identificar los problemas existentes en la implementación de los estándares internacionales de digitalización de la investigación criminal a nivel legislativo. La investigación se llevó a cabo por etapas a modo de resumen, basándose en la lógica de presentación del material, con el fin de lograr y cumplir los objetivos planteados en el artículo. Se utilizó el método de observación directa, el método de comparación y análisis del contenido de los documentos, el método de enfoque sistémico y pragmático. Los resultados clave del estudio fueron el análisis de la experiencia de implementación de estándares digitales en actividades forenses en Estados Unidos, Canadá, Gran Bretaña, Dinamarca, Inglaterra, Austria, Estonia y Ucrania. Se concluye que los problemas que existen en la implementación de estos estándares fueron identificados a partir de los criterios de evaluación de la eficiencia y capacidad de procesamiento de datos digitales por parte de los organismos involucrados en la investigación criminal. Además, los problemas y dificultades que enfrentan las autoridades en la implementación de los estándares internacionales de digitalización existentes indican la necesidad de medidas integrales para organizar la investigación criminal. Para superarlos, se deben tomar las medidas adecuadas en el campo de los cambios legislativos.
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Citas
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ANTONOV, Igor; RAKHMATULLIN, Ramil; BURGANOVA, Guzel; MAKOLKIN, Nikita. 2019. “Features of the Use of Modern Technology and Hardware at the Institute of Prosecution with the Aim of Prospering the Higher Education” In: International Journal of Higher Education. Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 39-44.
ARTAMONOVA, Elena; KORNUKOV, Vladimir; RYABOVA, Liliya. 2021 “Observance of the Rights of Accused in the Conditions of Digitalization of Criminal Proceedings” In: Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. Vol. 171, pp. 142- 147.
CARTER, Jeremy; GROMMON, Eric. 2015. “Officer perceptions of the impact of mobile broadband technology on police operations” In: Policing and Society. Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. 847-864.
CHURIKOVA, Anna; MANOVA, Nina; LAVNOV, Mikhail. 2021. Legal Mechanisms for Digitalization of the Activities of Prosecution Authorities. Available online. In: https://www.shsconferences.org/articles/shsconf/ pdf/2021/04/shsconf_nid2020_02018.pdf. Consultation date: 15/04/2021.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 2020. Ukraine’s hate crime, hate speech and discrimination data collection system. Recommendations for improvement and for adopting a joint approach and national situational analysis. Available online. In: https://rm.coe.int/final-data-collection- report-ukraine-en/16809fac70. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
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GOODISON, Sean; DAVIS, Robert; JACKSON, Brian. 2015. Digital Evidence and the U.S. Criminal Justice System Identifying Technology and Other Needs to More Effectively Acquire and Utilize Digital Evidence. Available online. In: https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248770.pdf. Consultation date: 18/10/2020.
GUNDHUS, Helene; TALBERG, Niri; WATHNE, Christin. 2021. “From discretion to standardization: Digitalization of the police organization” In: International Journal of Police Science & Management. pp. 1-15.
HARKIN, Diarmaid; WHELAN, Chad; CHANG, Lennon. 2018. “The challenges facing specialist police cyber-crime units: an empirical analysis” In: Police Practice and Research. Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 519-536.
ISHCHENKO, Petro. 2019. “Modern approaches to digitalization of pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases” In: Crime Cycle Sciences. Vol. 12, No. 157, pp. 68-79.
ISMAYLOV, Karen. 2017. “Educational and scientific establishment of the National police in ensuring cyber security strategy of Ukraine: the fundamental legal aspects” In: Center for European Reforms Studies. Vol. 4, pp. 25-29.
ISO. 2012. ISO/IEC 27037. Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for identification, collection, acquisition, and preservation of digital evidence. Available online. In: https://www.iso.org/ standard/44381.html. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
ISO. 2015a. ISO/IEC 27043. Information technology — Security techniques— Incident investigation principles and processes. Available online. In: https://www.iso.org/standard/44407.html. Consultation date: 17/10/2020.
ISO. 2015b. ISO/IEC 27041. Information technology — Security techniques — Guidance on assuring suitability and adequacy of incident investigative method. Available online. In: https://www.iso.org/standard/44405. html. Consultation date: 18/10/2020.
ISO. 2015c. ISO/IEC 27042:2015. Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for the analysis and interpretation of digital evidence. Available online. In: https://www.iso.org/standard/44406. html. Consultation date: 15/10/2020.
ISO. 2018 ISO/IEC 27050. Information technology — Security techniques — Electronicdiscovery.Availableonline.In: https://www.iso27001security. com/html/27050.html. Consultation date: 17/10/2020.
ISO. 2019. ISO/IEC 27050-1:2019. Information technology — Electronic discovery — Part 1: Overview and concepts. Available online. In: https:// www.iso.org/standard/78647.html. Consultation date: 13/10/2020.
JANAKI, Mikaella. 2019. Digitalization of Investigation and Detection of Crime. Available online. In: https://www.academia.edu/33022605/ Digitalization_of_Investigation_and_Detection_of_Crime. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
MIJATOVIĆ, Dunja. 2019. Speech of Conference of Council of Europe Justice Ministers “Justice in Europe facing the challenges of digital technology”. Available online. In: https://rm.coe.int/-justice-in-europe-facing-the- challenges-of-digital technology-speech-/16809835e0. Consultation date: 15/10/2020.
NORTJE, Jacobus Gerhardus; MYBURGH, Daniel Christoffel. 2019. “The Search and Seizure of Digital Evidence by Forensic Investigators in South Africa” In: Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal. Vol. 22, pp. 32- 75.
PRZHILENSKIY, Valeriy. 2020. “The Experience of Nature Mathematization in Criminal Proceedings Digitalization” In: Actual Problems of Russian Law. Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 125-132.
SINCLAIR COTTER, Ryan. 2015. “Police intelligence: connecting-the-dots in a network society” In: An International Journal of Research and Policy. Vol. 27, pp. 173-187.
STELMAKH, Vladimir; EFREMOVA, Oksana; VASYUKOV, Viktor. 2021. Production of investigative actions aimed at obtaining and using computer information. Monograph. Available online. In: https://books.google.com.ua/ book s? id=3SxGEAAAQBAJ &printsec=fr ontcov er &hl= ru#v=onepage&q&f=false. Consultation date: 17/04/2021.
STUBBS-RICHARDSON, Megan; COSBY, Austin; BERGENE, Karissa; COSBY, Arthur. 2018. Searching for safety: crime prevention in the era of Google. In: Crime Science. Vol. 7, pp. 21-34.
TAMBOVTSEV, Andrew; PAVLICHENKO, Natasha. 2021. Evolution of operational-search measures: monograph. Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Moscow, Russia.
UNITED NATIONS. 2021. European Union provided Ukrainian Police with vehicles, state-of-the-art IT equipment and heavy duty bomb suit. Available online. In: https://ukraine.un.org/en/143836-european- union-provided-ukrainian-police-vehicles-state-art-it-equipment- and-heavy-duty-bomb. Consultation date: 17/04/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2004. Law of Ukraine “On Telecommunications”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/1280-15#Text. Consultation date: 17/10/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2010. Law of Ukraine “About the acquisition of personal tributes”. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2297-17#Text. Consultation date: 18/10/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2013. The Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/4651-17#Text. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2020. Law of Ukraine “About promptly searching activity”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/2135-12/print. Consultation date: 15/10/2020.
WILSON-KOVACS, Dana. 2021. “Digital media investigators: challenges and opportunities in the use of digital forensics in police investigations in England and Wales” In: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management. Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 669-682.
YEBOAH-OFORI, Antony; BROWN, Alan. 2020. “Digital Forensics Investigation Jurisprudence: Issues of Admissibility of Digital Evidence” In: Journal of Forensic, Legal & Investigative Sciences. Vol. 6, pp. 45-53.
ANTONOV, Igor; RAKHMATULLIN, Ramil; BURGANOVA, Guzel; MAKOLKIN, Nikita. 2019. “Features of the Use of Modern Technology and Hardware at the Institute of Prosecution with the Aim of Prospering the Higher Education” In: International Journal of Higher Education. Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 39-44.
ARTAMONOVA, Elena; KORNUKOV, Vladimir; RYABOVA, Liliya. 2021 “Observance of the Rights of Accused in the Conditions of Digitalization of Criminal Proceedings” In: Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. Vol. 171, pp. 142- 147.
CARTER, Jeremy; GROMMON, Eric. 2015. “Officer perceptions of the impact of mobile broadband technology on police operations” In: Policing and Society. Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. 847-864.
CHURIKOVA, Anna; MANOVA, Nina; LAVNOV, Mikhail. 2021. Legal Mechanisms for Digitalization of the Activities of Prosecution Authorities. Available online. In: https://www.shsconferences.org/articles/shsconf/ pdf/2021/04/shsconf_nid2020_02018.pdf. Consultation date: 15/04/2021.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 2020. Ukraine’s hate crime, hate speech and discrimination data collection system. Recommendations for improvement and for adopting a joint approach and national situational analysis. Available online. In: https://rm.coe.int/final-data-collection- report-ukraine-en/16809fac70. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
DE BLOK, Carolien; SEEPMA, Aline; ROUKEMA, Inge; VAN DONK, Dirk, Pieter; KEULEN, Berend; OTTE, Rinus. 2014. Summary. Digitisation in criminal justice chains. The experience in Denmark, England, Austria and Estonia from a supply chain perspective. Available online. In: https://www.rik.ee/sites/www.rik.ee/files/elfinder/article_files/14032- OPERA_English_Summary.pdf. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
DELOITTE. 2015. The Digital Policing Journey: From Concept to Reality. Available online. In: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ uk/Documents/public-sector/deloitte-uk-ps-digital-police-force.pdf. Consultation date: 17/10/2020.
EUAM UKRAINE. 2020. EU supports creation of state-of-the-art data centres to enhance National Police operations. Available online. In: https:// www.euam-ukraine.eu/news/eu-supports-creation-of-state-of-the- art-data-centres-to-enhance-national-police-operations/. Consultation date: 15/10/2020.
FATIH, Tombul; BEKIR, Cakar. 2015. “Police use of technology to fight against crime” In: European Scientific Journal. Vol. 11, No.10, pp. 286-296.
GOODISON, Sean; DAVIS, Robert; JACKSON, Brian. 2015. Digital Evidence and the U.S. Criminal Justice System Identifying Technology and Other Needs to More Effectively Acquire and Utilize Digital Evidence. Available online. In: https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248770.pdf. Consultation date: 18/10/2020.
GUNDHUS, Helene; TALBERG, Niri; WATHNE, Christin. 2021. “From discretion to standardization: Digitalization of the police organization” In: International Journal of Police Science & Management. pp. 1-15.
HARKIN, Diarmaid; WHELAN, Chad; CHANG, Lennon. 2018. “The challenges facing specialist police cyber-crime units: an empirical analysis” In: Police Practice and Research. Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 519-536.
ISHCHENKO, Petro. 2019. “Modern approaches to digitalization of pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases” In: Crime Cycle Sciences. Vol. 12, No. 157, pp. 68-79.
ISMAYLOV, Karen. 2017. “Educational and scientific establishment of the National police in ensuring cyber security strategy of Ukraine: the fundamental legal aspects” In: Center for European Reforms Studies. Vol. 4, pp. 25-29.
ISO. 2012. ISO/IEC 27037. Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for identification, collection, acquisition, and preservation of digital evidence. Available online. In: https://www.iso.org/ standard/44381.html. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
ISO. 2015a. ISO/IEC 27043. Information technology — Security techniques— Incident investigation principles and processes. Available online. In: https://www.iso.org/standard/44407.html. Consultation date: 17/10/2020.
ISO. 2015b. ISO/IEC 27041. Information technology — Security techniques — Guidance on assuring suitability and adequacy of incident investigative method. Available online. In: https://www.iso.org/standard/44405. html. Consultation date: 18/10/2020.
ISO. 2015c. ISO/IEC 27042:2015. Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for the analysis and interpretation of digital evidence. Available online. In: https://www.iso.org/standard/44406. html. Consultation date: 15/10/2020.
ISO. 2018 ISO/IEC 27050. Information technology — Security techniques — Electronicdiscovery.Availableonline.In: https://www.iso27001security. com/html/27050.html. Consultation date: 17/10/2020.
ISO. 2019. ISO/IEC 27050-1:2019. Information technology — Electronic discovery — Part 1: Overview and concepts. Available online. In: https:// www.iso.org/standard/78647.html. Consultation date: 13/10/2020.
JANAKI, Mikaella. 2019. Digitalization of Investigation and Detection of Crime. Available online. In: https://www.academia.edu/33022605/ Digitalization_of_Investigation_and_Detection_of_Crime. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
MIJATOVIĆ, Dunja. 2019. Speech of Conference of Council of Europe Justice Ministers “Justice in Europe facing the challenges of digital technology”. Available online. In: https://rm.coe.int/-justice-in-europe-facing-the- challenges-of-digital technology-speech-/16809835e0. Consultation date: 15/10/2020.
NORTJE, Jacobus Gerhardus; MYBURGH, Daniel Christoffel. 2019. “The Search and Seizure of Digital Evidence by Forensic Investigators in South Africa” In: Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal. Vol. 22, pp. 32- 75.
PRZHILENSKIY, Valeriy. 2020. “The Experience of Nature Mathematization in Criminal Proceedings Digitalization” In: Actual Problems of Russian Law. Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 125-132.
SINCLAIR COTTER, Ryan. 2015. “Police intelligence: connecting-the-dots in a network society” In: An International Journal of Research and Policy. Vol. 27, pp. 173-187.
STELMAKH, Vladimir; EFREMOVA, Oksana; VASYUKOV, Viktor. 2021. Production of investigative actions aimed at obtaining and using computer information. Monograph. Available online. In: https://books.google.com.ua/ book s? id=3SxGEAAAQBAJ &printsec=fr ontcov er &hl= ru#v=onepage&q&f=false. Consultation date: 17/04/2021.
STUBBS-RICHARDSON, Megan; COSBY, Austin; BERGENE, Karissa; COSBY, Arthur. 2018. Searching for safety: crime prevention in the era of Google. In: Crime Science. Vol. 7, pp. 21-34.
TAMBOVTSEV, Andrew; PAVLICHENKO, Natasha. 2021. Evolution of operational-search measures: monograph. Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Moscow, Russia.
UNITED NATIONS. 2021. European Union provided Ukrainian Police with vehicles, state-of-the-art IT equipment and heavy duty bomb suit. Available online. In: https://ukraine.un.org/en/143836-european- union-provided-ukrainian-police-vehicles-state-art-it-equipment- and-heavy-duty-bomb. Consultation date: 17/04/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2004. Law of Ukraine “On Telecommunications”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/1280-15#Text. Consultation date: 17/10/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2010. Law of Ukraine “About the acquisition of personal tributes”. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2297-17#Text. Consultation date: 18/10/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2013. The Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/4651-17#Text. Consultation date: 14/10/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2020. Law of Ukraine “About promptly searching activity”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/2135-12/print. Consultation date: 15/10/2020.
WILSON-KOVACS, Dana. 2021. “Digital media investigators: challenges and opportunities in the use of digital forensics in police investigations in England and Wales” In: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management. Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 669-682.
YEBOAH-OFORI, Antony; BROWN, Alan. 2020. “Digital Forensics Investigation Jurisprudence: Issues of Admissibility of Digital Evidence” In: Journal of Forensic, Legal & Investigative Sciences. Vol. 6, pp. 45-53.
Publicado
2021-12-16
Cómo citar
Bozhyk, V. I., Streliuk, Y. V., Maziychuk, V. A., Voightko, A. O., Kokoshko, M. V., & Kisliy, A. M. (2021). Problems of implementing international digitalisation standards of criminal investigation. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(71), 317-333. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.16
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Derecho Público
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