Legal regulation of combating illegal migration in Ukraine and the EU
Palabras clave:
migración ilegal, procesos migratorios, legislación migratoria, inmigración en Europa, refugiados y asilo
Resumen
Mediante una metodología de interpretación jurídica se analizan las etapas de formación de la política y la legislación migratoria en Ucrania desde su independencia. Se determinó que en la etapa inicial los principales elementos de la regulación legal de los procesos migratorios en Ucrania fueron el desarrollo del marco legal sobre migración, el inicio de la cooperación internacional y la creación de estructuras organizativas que atiendan los temas migratorios. El artículo además analiza el extenso sistema de actos normativos desarrollado en Ucrania hoy, destinado a la regulación legal de los procesos migratorios y la lucha contra la migración ilegal. En este contexto, se describen los detalles de la lucha contra la inmigración ilegal en los países de la UE. Por último, se estudian las orientaciones de la política de migración de la UE en el ámbito de la lucha contra la inmigración ilegal. Se concluye que, a diferencia de Ucrania, donde la lucha contra la inmigración ilegal se limita principalmente al establecimiento de prohibiciones y multas para los inmigrantes ilegales, la UE ha desarrollado un sistema de incentivos y medidas destinadas a apoyar a terceros países, entre otros aspectos.
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COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2002. Council Directive 2002/90/EC defining the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence from 2002. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32002L0090. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2003. On assistance in cases of transit for the purposes of removal by air. Council Directive 2003/110/EC from 2003. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0110. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
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DERGACH, Anna. 2015. “Theoretical grounds for making effective decisions in the management of migration processes” In: Investments: practice and experience: scientific and practical journal. Vol. 21, pp. 126-129.
DERGACH, Anna. 2016. “Regulatory, organizational and institutional support of financial and economic mechanisms of public administration of migration” In: Evropský časopis ekonomiky a management. Vol. 5, pp. 46-53.
DEVISSCHER, Purdey. 2011. “Legal Migration in the Relationship between the European Union and ACP Countries: The Absence of a True Global Approach Continues” In: European Journal of Migration and Law. Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 53-94.
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MIKOLAICHUK, Maksym. 2010. Financial and economic mechanism for ensuring sustainable balanced development of the region. NASM. Kyiv, Ukraine.
MOLINARI, Caterina. 2019. “The EU and its Perilous Journey through the Migration Crisis: Informalization of the EU Return Policy and Rule of Law Concerns” In: European Law Review. Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 824-840.
POTEMKINA, Olga. 2015. “European Migration Agenda” – a new turn in the EU Migration Policy” In: Contemporary Europe. Vol. 4, pp. 28–40.
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the Concept of State Migration Policy. Decree of the President of Ukraine № 622/2011 from 2011. Available online. In: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/622/2011. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE. 2014. On the optimization of the system of central executive bodies. Decree of the President of Ukraine № 442 from 2014. Available online. In: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/442-2014-%D0% BF. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
PROVINE, Doris Maria. “Making People Illegal: What Globalization Means for Migration and Law” In: Journal of Law and Society. Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 292-296.
SADYKOVA, Larysa. 2016. “The New Line of the European Union in Migration Domain: Emphases and Mechanisms” In: Ezhegodnik IIS. MGIMO- University. Vol. 1, No. 15, pp. 13–19.
UNITED NATIONS. 1951.Convention and protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. Available online. In: https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/55726/Convention+relating+to+the+Status+of+Refugees+%28signed+28+July+1951%2C+entered+into+force+22+April+1954%29+189+UNTS+150+and+Protocol+relating+to+the+Status+of+Refugees+%28signed+31+January+1967%2C+entered+into+force+4+October+1967%29+606+UNTS+267/0bf3248a-cfa8- 4a60-864d-65cdfece1d47. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
USSR. 1990. Declaration on the state sovereignty of Ukraine. Law № 55- XII from 1990. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/55-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1984. Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine. Law № 8073-X. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/80731-10#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1991. On Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression in Ukraine. Law № 962-XII from 1991. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/962-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1992. On approval of the Provisional Regulation on the Procedure for Determining the Status of Refugees from the Republic of Moldova and Providing Assistance to Them. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 378 from 1992. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/378-92-%D0%BF#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1994. On the Procedure for Leaving Ukraine and Entering Ukraine by Citizens of Ukraine. Law № 3857- XII from 1994. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/3857-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1996. On approval of the Program to combat illegal migration for 1996-1997. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 83 from 1996. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/83-96-%D0%BF#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution of Ukraine. Available online. In: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show1254k/96-вр. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1999. On the Principles of the State Policy of Ukraine in the Field of Human Rights. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine № 757-XIV from 1999. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/757-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. Criminal Code of Ukraine. Law № 2341-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/2341-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Combating Illegal Migration. Law № 2247-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2247- 14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Citizenship of Ukraine. Law № 2235-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2235-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Immigration. Law № 2491-III from 2001. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/2491-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2003. On Freedom of Movement and Free Choice of Residence in Ukraine. Law № 1382-IV. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1382-15#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA of Ukraine. 2004. On Ukrainians Abroad. Law № 1582- IV from 2004. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/1582-15#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2011. On Refugees and Persons in Need of Additional or Temporary Protection. Law № 3671-VI from 2011. Available online. In:https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3671- 17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the legal status of foreigners and stateless persons. Law № 3773-VI from 2011. September 9, 2011. Available online at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3773- 17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2012. Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Law № 4651-VI. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/4651-17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2012. On Employment. Law № 5067-VI from 2012. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/5067-17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
BLASI CASAGRAN, Cristina. 2021. “Fundamental Rights Implications of Interconnecting Migration and Policing Databases in the EU” In: Human Rights Law Review. Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 433-457.
BOLSHOVA, Natalia. 2016. “The EU Response to the Refugee crisis of 2015 and the Prospects for a Common EU Migration Policy” In: IIS International Analytics. MGIMO-University. Vol. 1, No. 15, pp. 19-33.
BUTORINA, Olga; KAVESHNIKOVA, Natalia. 2016. European Integration: Textbook for High Schools. Aspekt-Press. Moscow, Russia.
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the formation of territorial bodies of the State Migration Service. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 658 from 2011. Available online. In: http:// zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/658-2011-p. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
CHACON HERNANDEZ, David. 2021. “Crisis Migration and Migration Crisis. A Vision from Human Rights In: Ciencia Juridica. Vol. 10, No. 19, pp. 137-160.
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2001. On the mutual recognition of decisions on the expulsion of third country nationals. Council Directive 2001/40/EC from 2001. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa. eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32001L0040. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2002. Council Directive 2002/90/EC defining the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence from 2002. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32002L0090. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2003. On assistance in cases of transit for the purposes of removal by air. Council Directive 2003/110/EC from 2003. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0110. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
DERGACH, Anna. 2013. “Legal aspects of migration policy in Ukraine. In: State management and local self-government: collection of scientific works of DRIDU NAPA under the President of Ukraine. Vol. 2, No. 17, pp. 149- 157.
DERGACH, Anna. 2015. “Theoretical grounds for making effective decisions in the management of migration processes” In: Investments: practice and experience: scientific and practical journal. Vol. 21, pp. 126-129.
DERGACH, Anna. 2016. “Regulatory, organizational and institutional support of financial and economic mechanisms of public administration of migration” In: Evropský časopis ekonomiky a management. Vol. 5, pp. 46-53.
DEVISSCHER, Purdey. 2011. “Legal Migration in the Relationship between the European Union and ACP Countries: The Absence of a True Global Approach Continues” In: European Journal of Migration and Law. Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 53-94.
EUROPEAN COMISSION. 2015. EU Action Plan against migrant smuggling (2015–2020). In: COM (2015). Final. Brussels, Belgica.
EUROPEAN COMISSION. 2015. European Agenda on Migration. In: COM (2015) 240 Final. Brussels, Belgium.
FREIKA, Tomas; OKOLSKI, Marek; SWORD, Keith Sword. 1999. In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe: the Case of Ukraine. United Nations. Geneva.
KUSHNIR, Iryna; TSARENKO, Olha; TSARENKO, Serhii. 2021. “Legal and organizational problems on identification of persons in activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine” In: Juridical Tribune. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.113-130.
LIBANOVA, Ekaterina. 2010. “External labor migration of the population of Ukraine” In: Economy of Ukraine. Vol. 2, p. 38-42.
MALINOVSKAYA, Olha. 2010. “Migration policy of Ukraine: state and prospects of development”. NISD. Кyiv, Ukraine.
MIKOLAICHUK, Maksym. 2010. Financial and economic mechanism for ensuring sustainable balanced development of the region. NASM. Kyiv, Ukraine.
MOLINARI, Caterina. 2019. “The EU and its Perilous Journey through the Migration Crisis: Informalization of the EU Return Policy and Rule of Law Concerns” In: European Law Review. Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 824-840.
POTEMKINA, Olga. 2015. “European Migration Agenda” – a new turn in the EU Migration Policy” In: Contemporary Europe. Vol. 4, pp. 28–40.
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the Concept of State Migration Policy. Decree of the President of Ukraine № 622/2011 from 2011. Available online. In: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/622/2011. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE. 2014. On the optimization of the system of central executive bodies. Decree of the President of Ukraine № 442 from 2014. Available online. In: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/442-2014-%D0% BF. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
PROVINE, Doris Maria. “Making People Illegal: What Globalization Means for Migration and Law” In: Journal of Law and Society. Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 292-296.
SADYKOVA, Larysa. 2016. “The New Line of the European Union in Migration Domain: Emphases and Mechanisms” In: Ezhegodnik IIS. MGIMO- University. Vol. 1, No. 15, pp. 13–19.
UNITED NATIONS. 1951.Convention and protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. Available online. In: https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/55726/Convention+relating+to+the+Status+of+Refugees+%28signed+28+July+1951%2C+entered+into+force+22+April+1954%29+189+UNTS+150+and+Protocol+relating+to+the+Status+of+Refugees+%28signed+31+January+1967%2C+entered+into+force+4+October+1967%29+606+UNTS+267/0bf3248a-cfa8- 4a60-864d-65cdfece1d47. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
USSR. 1990. Declaration on the state sovereignty of Ukraine. Law № 55- XII from 1990. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/55-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1984. Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine. Law № 8073-X. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/80731-10#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1991. On Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression in Ukraine. Law № 962-XII from 1991. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/962-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1992. On approval of the Provisional Regulation on the Procedure for Determining the Status of Refugees from the Republic of Moldova and Providing Assistance to Them. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 378 from 1992. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/378-92-%D0%BF#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1994. On the Procedure for Leaving Ukraine and Entering Ukraine by Citizens of Ukraine. Law № 3857- XII from 1994. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/3857-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1996. On approval of the Program to combat illegal migration for 1996-1997. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 83 from 1996. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/83-96-%D0%BF#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution of Ukraine. Available online. In: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show1254k/96-вр. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1999. On the Principles of the State Policy of Ukraine in the Field of Human Rights. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine № 757-XIV from 1999. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/757-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. Criminal Code of Ukraine. Law № 2341-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/2341-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Combating Illegal Migration. Law № 2247-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2247- 14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Citizenship of Ukraine. Law № 2235-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2235-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Immigration. Law № 2491-III from 2001. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/2491-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2003. On Freedom of Movement and Free Choice of Residence in Ukraine. Law № 1382-IV. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1382-15#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA of Ukraine. 2004. On Ukrainians Abroad. Law № 1582- IV from 2004. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/1582-15#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2011. On Refugees and Persons in Need of Additional or Temporary Protection. Law № 3671-VI from 2011. Available online. In:https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3671- 17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the legal status of foreigners and stateless persons. Law № 3773-VI from 2011. September 9, 2011. Available online at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3773- 17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2012. Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Law № 4651-VI. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/4651-17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2012. On Employment. Law № 5067-VI from 2012. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/5067-17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
Publicado
2021-12-17
Cómo citar
Kuryliuk, Y., Slyvka, M., & Kushnir, Y. (2021). Legal regulation of combating illegal migration in Ukraine and the EU. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(71), 472-491. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.26
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Derecho Público
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