Application of the method of computer forensic simulation of crimes in the course of an armed conflict
Aplicación del método de simulación informática forense de delitos en el curso de un conflicto armado
Palabras clave:
aplicación de la ley, conflicto armado, investigación de delitos, justicia penal, métodos forenses
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las características y perspectivas del uso de la simulación por computadora como método para investigar los delitos cometidos en el curso de un conflicto armado. Además, el estudio involucró un enfoque de sistema, análisis descriptivo, muestreo sistemático, enfoque doctrinal y métodos de pronóstico. El autorizado elige la dirección tecnológica de aplicación de la simulación (prospectiva o retrospectiva) y simula las características del hecho, la identidad del delincuente, la víctima del delito y la secuencia del proceso de investigación. En el curso de las hostilidades, la simulación por computadora puede ser realizada por representantes de las fuerzas del orden nacionales e internacionales, según el tipo de delito. La simulación por computadora en el curso de un conflicto armado requiere de la estandarización de los procedimientos y la mejora de los componentes sustantivos e instrumentales de la aplicación de este método. Se concluye que este modelo tiene diferentes perspectivas para su desarrollo, que incluyen: la estandarización de los procedimientos teniendo debidamente en cuenta las especificidades del delito cometido y del delincuente; detalles de las fuentes de información; dirección tecnológica de simulación; posibles tipos de modelos; y, la necesidad/adecuación de involucrar la asistencia de coordinación internacional.
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BRAGA DA SILVA, Rafael. 2020. “Sherlock at the ICC? Regulating Third- Party Investigations of International Crimes in the Rome Statute Legal Framework” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 59-86.
CALDWELL, Martyn; ANDREWS, Jerone; TANAY, Thomas; GRIFFIN, Lewis. 2020. “AI-enabled future crime” In: Crime Science. Vol. 9, No. 14, pp. 1-13.
D’ALESSANDRA, Federica; SUTHERLAND, Kirsty. 2021. “The Promise and Challenges of New Actors and New Technologies in International Justice” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 9-34.
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LONGHI, Julien. 2021. “Using digital humanities and linguistics to help with terrorism investigations” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 318, pp. 1110564.
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McCLENDON, Lawrence; MEGHANATHAN, Natarajan 2015. “Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Analyze Crime Data” In: Machine Learning and Applications: An International Journal. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 12.
NIZAMANI, Sarwat; NIZAMANI, Saad; NIZAMANI, Sehrish; ISMAILI, Imdad. 2019. “On the computational models for the analysis of illicit activities” In: Computer Science: Computers and Society. Available online. In: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05691. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
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SHAH, Neil; BHAGAT, Nandish; SHAH, Manan. 2021. “Crime forecasting: a machine learning and computer vision approach to crime prediction and prevention” In: Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine and Art. Vol. 4, No. 9, p. 14.
THAKAR, Akash; KUMAR, Kapil; PATEL, Baldev. 2021. “Next Generation Digital Forensic Investigation Model (NGDFIM) – Enhanced, Time Reducing and Comprehensive Framework” In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1767. 012054.
TYAGI, Deepika; SHARMA, Sanjiv. 2018. “An Approach to Crime Data Analysis: a Systematic Review” In: International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research. Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 67-74.
UN; DPKO/DFS SPECIALISED TRAINING MATERIALS. 2017. Prevention and Response to Conflict Related Sexual Violence. Available online. In: http://repository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/400575/CRSV.Strategic_Module.pdf?sequence=88&isAllowed=y. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
WANG, Jinming; LI, Zhengdong; HU, Wenhu; SHAO, Yu; WANG, Liyang; WU, Rongqi; MA, Kaijun; ZOU, Donghua; CHEN, Yijiu. 2019. “Virtual reality and integrated crime scene scanning for immersive and heterogeneous crime scene reconstruction” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 303, pp. 109943.
ZARMSKY, Sarah. 2021. “Why Seeing Should Not Always Be Believing: Considerations Regarding the Use of Digital Reconstruction Technology in International Law” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 213-225.
ZWEIG, Katharina; WENZELBURGER, Georg; KRAFFT, Tobias. 2018. “On Chances and Risks of Security Related Algorithmic Decision Making System” In: European Journal for Security Research. Vol. 3, pp. 181-203.
AVDIEIEVA, Halyna; BULULUKOV, Oleh. 2019. “Innovative products developed by the staff of Academician V.V. Stashis Scientific Research Institute for the Study of Crime Problems together with scientists from the Department of Forensic Science of the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University” In: Innovative methods and digital technologies in criminology, forensic examination and legal practice: materials of the international “round table” Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
BENZ, Lena; AMPANOZI, Garyfalia; FRACKENBERG, Sabine; MASSINI, Federico; SIEBERTH, Till. 2022. “Forensic examination of living persons in 3D models” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 335, pp. 111286.
BILOUS, Ruslana. 2021. “Participation of criminal analysts in solving crimes.” In: Using the achievements of modern science and technology in solving crimes: materials of the scientific and practical round table. National Academy of Internal Affairs. Kyiv, Ukraine.
BLAHUTA, Roman; MOVCHAN, Anatolii. 2020. The latest technologies in the investigation of crimes: the current state and problems of use. Lviv State University of Internal Affairs. Lviv, Ukraine.
BRAGA DA SILVA, Rafael. 2020. “Sherlock at the ICC? Regulating Third- Party Investigations of International Crimes in the Rome Statute Legal Framework” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 59-86.
CALDWELL, Martyn; ANDREWS, Jerone; TANAY, Thomas; GRIFFIN, Lewis. 2020. “AI-enabled future crime” In: Crime Science. Vol. 9, No. 14, pp. 1-13.
D’ALESSANDRA, Federica; SUTHERLAND, Kirsty. 2021. “The Promise and Challenges of New Actors and New Technologies in International Justice” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 9-34.
DU, Xiaoyu; LE-KHAC, Nhien-An; SCANLON, Mark. 2017. “Evaluation of Digital Forensic Process Models with Respect to Digital Forensics as a Service” In: 16th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS 2017). Dublin, Ireland.
FARRELL ROSENBERG, Erin; NASSAR, Amal. 2022. “Response to Conflict- related Sexual Violence in Ukraine: Accountability and Reparations” In: Opinio Juris. Available online. In: http://opiniojuris.org/2022/06/21/ response-to-conflict-related-sexual-violence-in-ukraine-accountability- and-reparations/. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
FREEMAN, Lindsay. 2018. “Digital Evidence and War Crimes Prosecutions: The Impact of Digital Technologies on International Criminal Investigations and Trials” In: Fordham International Law Journal. Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 283-335.
FREEMAN, Lindsay. 2021. “Weapons of War, Tools of Justice: Using Artificial Intelligence to Investigate International Crimes” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 35-53.
GOLDSCHMIDT-GJERLØW, Beate; REMKES, Merel. 2019. “Frontstage and Backstage in Argentina’s Transitional Justice Drama: The Nietas’ Reconstruction of Identity on Social Media” In: International Journal of Transitional Justice. Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 349-367.
GUNHA, Rafael Rodrigues; ARRABAL, Claude Thiago; DANTAS, Marcelo Mourão; BASSANELLI, Hélio Rodrigues. 2022. “Laser scanner and drone photogrammetry: A statistical comparison between 3-dimensional models and its impacts on outdoor crime scene registration” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 330. 111100.
GUPTA, Sonia; GUPTA, Vineeta; VIJ, Hitesh; VIJ, Ruchieka; TYAGI, Nutan. 2015. “Forensic Facial Reconstruction: The Final Frontier” In: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Vol. 9, No. 9, pp. 26-28.
HORSMAN, Graeme; SUNDE, Nina. 2022. “Unboxing the digital forensic investigation process” In: Science and Justice. Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 171-180.
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT. 2013. Elements of Crimes. Available online. In: https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Publications/ Elements-of-Crimes.pdf. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
INTERNATIONALCRIMINALCOURT;THEOFFICEОFTHEPROSECUTOR. 2014. Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes. Available online. In: https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/iccdocs/otp/ OTP-Policy-Paper-on-Sexual-and-Gender-Based-Crimes--June-2014. pdf. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
INTERPOL. 2015. Interpol’s support to the investigation and prosecution of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.
JHA, Pranay; JHA, Raman; SHARMA, Ashok. 2019. “Behavior Analysis and Crime Prediction using Big Data and Machine Learning” In: International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 461- 468.
LOHNE, Kjersti. 2020. “Penal welfarism ‘gone global’? Comparing international criminal justice to The Culture of Control” In: Punishment and Society. Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 3-23.
LONGHI, Julien. 2021. “Using digital humanities and linguistics to help with terrorism investigations” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 318, pp. 1110564.
MAYANS-HERMIDA, Beatriz; HOLA, Barbora. 2020. “Balancing ‘the International’ and ‘the Domestic’: Sanctions under the ICC Principle of Complementarity” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 1103–1130.
McCLENDON, Lawrence; MEGHANATHAN, Natarajan 2015. “Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Analyze Crime Data” In: Machine Learning and Applications: An International Journal. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 12.
NIZAMANI, Sarwat; NIZAMANI, Saad; NIZAMANI, Sehrish; ISMAILI, Imdad. 2019. “On the computational models for the analysis of illicit activities” In: Computer Science: Computers and Society. Available online. In: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05691. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
PAVLIUK, Nazar. 2019. Application of 3D modeling during interrogation and investigative experiment. In: Innovative methods and digital technologies in criminology, forensic examination and legal practice: materials of the international “round table”. Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
PRYAKHIN, Yevhen. 2022. Forensic means and methods of investigating criminal offenses. Lviv State University of Internal Affairs. Lviv, Ukraine.
RANI, Sudesh. 2018. “Digital Forensic Models: A Comparative Analysis” In: International journal of Management, IT and Engineering. Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 432-443.
RUDYK, Mykola; MASLIENIKOVA, Kateryna; NOSEVYCH, Nadiya; VINTSUK, Viktoriia; FATKHUTDINOV, Vasyl. 2022. “The Role of the Number of Detected Criminal Offenses in the Police Performance Indicators System” In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 40, No.73, pp. 90-107.
SARKIN, Jeremy Julian. 2021. “Promoting the Rights of Victims in Under- Resourced Places by Using Science and Technology That Can be Used by Ordinary People, to Deal with Human Rights Violations: Bolstering the Right to the Truth” In: Liverpool Law Review, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 339- 360.
SHAH, Neil; BHAGAT, Nandish; SHAH, Manan. 2021. “Crime forecasting: a machine learning and computer vision approach to crime prediction and prevention” In: Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine and Art. Vol. 4, No. 9, p. 14.
THAKAR, Akash; KUMAR, Kapil; PATEL, Baldev. 2021. “Next Generation Digital Forensic Investigation Model (NGDFIM) – Enhanced, Time Reducing and Comprehensive Framework” In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1767. 012054.
TYAGI, Deepika; SHARMA, Sanjiv. 2018. “An Approach to Crime Data Analysis: a Systematic Review” In: International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research. Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 67-74.
UN; DPKO/DFS SPECIALISED TRAINING MATERIALS. 2017. Prevention and Response to Conflict Related Sexual Violence. Available online. In: http://repository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/400575/CRSV.Strategic_Module.pdf?sequence=88&isAllowed=y. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
WANG, Jinming; LI, Zhengdong; HU, Wenhu; SHAO, Yu; WANG, Liyang; WU, Rongqi; MA, Kaijun; ZOU, Donghua; CHEN, Yijiu. 2019. “Virtual reality and integrated crime scene scanning for immersive and heterogeneous crime scene reconstruction” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 303, pp. 109943.
ZARMSKY, Sarah. 2021. “Why Seeing Should Not Always Be Believing: Considerations Regarding the Use of Digital Reconstruction Technology in International Law” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 213-225.
ZWEIG, Katharina; WENZELBURGER, Georg; KRAFFT, Tobias. 2018. “On Chances and Risks of Security Related Algorithmic Decision Making System” In: European Journal for Security Research. Vol. 3, pp. 181-203.
Publicado
2022-12-14
Cómo citar
Tymchyshyn, A., Zvonarov, O., Mokhonko, O., Postryhan, V., & Popovych, O. (2022). Application of the method of computer forensic simulation of crimes in the course of an armed conflict: Aplicación del método de simulación informática forense de delitos en el curso de un conflicto armado. Cuestiones Políticas, 40(75), 334-351. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.22
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