Crime prevention in special (free) economic zones
Prevención del delito en zonas económicas especiales (francas)
Palabras clave:
prevención del delito, actividad delictiva organizada, zonas económicas especiales (francas), riesgos penales, entidades dedicadas a la prevención del delito
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los aspectos específicos y las perspectivas de la prevención del delito en las zonas económicas especiales (francas) como entidades económicas y geográficas especiales. En el transcurso de la investigación se aplicó un conjunto de métodos prácticos: enfoque doctrinal, comparativo y pronóstico. El riesgo de delincuencia en las zonas depende de la actividad económica particular y los actores involucrados. La estructura criminal actual en las zonas francas está dominada por el comercio ilegal y la infracción de los derechos de propiedad intelectual. Sin embargo, la estructuración del delito depende comúnmente de dos factores: a) la división de zonas en externo/interno; y b) características del sistema económico del país donde se ubica la zona. Las entidades dedicadas a la prevención del delito se clasifican en especiales y no especiales, destacando las entidades internacionales y representantes del sector privado. Se concluye que, las perspectivas para la prevención del delito en esta área están relacionadas con el involucramiento de las capacidades de los actores internacionales y la acción de los representantes del sector privado, teniendo en cuenta las características y condiciones particulares de los países con una economía transitiva y un sistema legal determinado.
Descargas
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.
Citas
ALBANESE, Jay. 2021. “Organized Crime as Financial Crime: The Nature of Organized Crime as Reflected in Prosecutions and Research” In: Victims & Offenders: An International Journal of Evidence-based Research, Policy, and Practice. Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 431-443.
AUNG, Thiri Shwesin; OVERLAND, Indra; VAKULCHUK, Roman; XIE, Yanhua. 2022. “The environmental burdens of special economic zones on the coastal and marine environment: A remote sensing assessment in Myanmar” In: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment. Vol. 28, pp. 100809.
BASQUILL, John. 2022. “Growth of free trade zones presents serious financial crime risks.” In: Global Trade Review. Available online. In: https:// www.gtreview.com/news/americas/growth-of-free-trade-zones-presents-serious-financial-crime-risks-report-finds/. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
BREUER, Niles; VARESE, Federico. 2022. “The Structure of Trade-type and Governance-type Organized Crime Groups: A Network Study” In: The British Journal of Criminology. Vol. XX, pp. 01-22.
CHASE, Isabella; MOISEIENKO, Anton; REID, Alexandria. 2021. Criminal Risks in Free Trade Zones. Available online. In: https://rusi.org/explore- our-research/projects/criminal-risks-free-trade-zones. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
CUSTOMS CO-OPERATION COUNCIL. 2008. International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (as amended). Available online. In: https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/facilitation/instruments-and-tools/ conventions/kyoto-convention/revised-kyoto-convention/body_gen- annex-and-specific-annexes.pdf?la=en. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
HALL, Alexandra; ANTONOPOULOS, Georgios; ATKINSON, Rowland; WYATT, Tanya. 2022. “Duty free: Turning the criminological spotlight on special economic zones” In: The British Journal of Criminology. azac010. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac010. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
HALL, Tim; SANDERS, Ben; BAH, Mamadou; KING, Owen; WIGLEY, Edward. 2021. “Economic geographies of the illegal: the multiscalar production of cybercrime” In: Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 24, pp. 282-307.
HOLDEN, Chris. 2017. “Graduated sovereignty and global governance gaps: Special economic zones and the illicit trade in tobacco products” In: Political Geography. Vol. 59, pp. 72-81.
HRYTSYSHEN, Dymytrii Oleksandrovych. 2021. State policy in the field of prevention and counteraction of economic crime. Doctor’s thesis. National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
HUSSAIN, Ejaz; RAO, Muhammad Furqan. 2020. “China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation: The Case of Special Economic Zones (SEZs)” In: Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 13, pp. 453-472.
ICC, BASCAP. 2020. Controlling the Zone: Balancing Facilitation and Control to Combat Illicit Trade in Free Trade Zones. Seminal Report. Available online. In: https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2020/12/2020- bascap-report.pdf. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
KOPOTUN, Igor; NIKITIN, Anatolii; DOMBROVAN, Nataliia; TULINOV, Valentyn; KYSLENKO, Dmytro. 2020. “Expanding the potential of the preventive and law enforcement function of the security police in combating cybercrime in Ukraine and the EU” In: TEM Journal. Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 460-468.
KOPOTUN, Igor; UVAROV, Volodymyr; SVOBODA, Ivo; VEKLYCH, Vladyslav; DOVBAN, Igor. 2022. “Coordination of the fight against organized crime resulted from corruption” In: Amazonia Investiga. Vol. 11, No. 50, pp. 260-271.
KOVALCHYK, Taras. 2020. Free Economic Zones in Ukraine: Magnets for IP Crime? Available online. In: https://voxukraine.org/en/free- economic-zones-in-ukraine-magnets-for-ip-crime/. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
MANJIAO, Chi. 2021. “Regulation of Special Economic Zones Through Regional Trade Agreements: Confronting the Synergy Issue” In: Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 423-442.
McPHERSON-SMITH, Oliver. 2022. “Leveraging low state capacity for economic development: a case study of Tajik–Afghan cross-border markets” In: Central Asian Survey. Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 436-455.
MOISEIENKO, Anton. 2021. “Free economic zones and crime: global lessons for Ukraine” In: Ekonomichna Pravda. Available online. In: https://www.epravda.com.ua/columns/2021/05/26/674236/. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
OECD LEGAL INSTRUMENTS. 2019. Recommendation of the Council on Countering Illicit Trade: Enhancing Transparency in Free Trade Zones. Available online. In: https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0454. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
OECD/EUIPO. 2018. Trade in Counterfeit Goods and Free Trade Zones: Evidence from Recent Trends. OECD Publishing. Paris, France.
OECD/EUIPO. 2021. Misuse of Containerized Maritime Shipping in the Global Trade of Counterfeits. OECD Publishing. Paris, France.
OLIINYK, Dmytro. 2018. Prevention of corruption crimes committed during customs procedures. Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
PANAGIOTIS, Delimatsis. 2021. “Financial Services Trade in Special Economic Zones” In: Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 277-297.
PARK, Mun-su; LEE, Hwansoo. 2020. “Smart City Crime Prevention Services: The Incheon Free Economic Zone Case” In: Sustainability. Vol. 12, No. 14, p. 5658.
PROKOPENKO, Olha; KURBATOVA, Tetiana; KHALILOVA, Marina; ZERKAL, Anastasiia; PRAUSE, Gunnar; BINDA, Jacek; BERDIYOROV, Temur; KLAPKIV, Yuriy; SANETRA-PÓŁGRABI, Sabina; KOMARNITSKYI, Igor. 2023. “Impact of investments and R&D costs in renewable energy technologies on companies’ profitability indicators: Assessment and forecast” In: Energies. Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 01-18.
RIEZNIK, Oleh Mykolaiovych. 2019. Administrative and legal principles of the activity of law enforcement agencies to ensure the financial and economic security of Ukraine. Doctor’s thesis. Sumy State University. Sumy, Ukraine.
RUSI. n.d. About the Free Trade Zone Risk Assessment Tool: Who is this tool for? Available online. In: https://ftz-risk.rusi.org/about-rusi-free-trade- zone-risk-tool. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
UNODC. 2021. Kyoto Declaration on Advancing Crime Prevention, Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law: Towards the Achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 14th United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Available online. In: https:// www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/Congress/21-02815_Kyoto_ Declaration_ebook_rev_cover.pdf. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
VAN UHM, Daan; SOUTH, Nigel; WYATT, Tanya. 2021. “Connections between trades and trafficking in wildlife and drugs.” In: Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 24, pp. 425-446.
VAN UHM, Daan; WONG, Rebecca. Y. 2021. “Chinese organized crime and the illegal wildlife trade: diversification and outsourcing in the Golden Triangle” In: Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 24, pp. 486–505.
VESELOVSKA, Nataliia; KRUSHYNSKYI, Serhii; KRAVCHUK, Oleh; PUNDA, Olеksandr; PISKUN, Ivan. 2022. “Combating cybercrime and criminal legal measures under the conditions of the state of martial.” In: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. Ad Alta, Special Issue 12/02- XXXI, pp. 233-236 Available online. In: http://www.magnanimitas.cz/ ADALTA/120231/papers/A_41.pdf. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
VESTBY, Annette. 2022. “Cheats, Threats and Reflexivity: Organizational Narratives on Policing Organized and Economic Crime” In: The British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 200-217.
WCO. 2020. Practical Guidance on Free Zones. Available online. In: https:// www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/facilitation/ activities-and-programmes/free-zone/wco-fz-guidance_en.pdf?la=en. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
WINDLE, James; SILKE, Andrew. 2019. “Is drawing from the state ‘state of the art’? A review of organized crime research data collection and analysis, 2004–2018” In: Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 394-413.
WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION. 2019. Electronic crime experts from Customs meet in Tokyo. Available online. In: https://www.wcoomd.org/ en/media/newsroom/2019/december/electronic-crime-experts-from-customs-meet-in-tokyo.aspx. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
WU, Min; LIU, Chong; HUANG, Jiuli. 2021. “The special economic zones and innovation: Evidence from China” In: China Economic Quarterly International. Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 319-330.
AUNG, Thiri Shwesin; OVERLAND, Indra; VAKULCHUK, Roman; XIE, Yanhua. 2022. “The environmental burdens of special economic zones on the coastal and marine environment: A remote sensing assessment in Myanmar” In: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment. Vol. 28, pp. 100809.
BASQUILL, John. 2022. “Growth of free trade zones presents serious financial crime risks.” In: Global Trade Review. Available online. In: https:// www.gtreview.com/news/americas/growth-of-free-trade-zones-presents-serious-financial-crime-risks-report-finds/. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
BREUER, Niles; VARESE, Federico. 2022. “The Structure of Trade-type and Governance-type Organized Crime Groups: A Network Study” In: The British Journal of Criminology. Vol. XX, pp. 01-22.
CHASE, Isabella; MOISEIENKO, Anton; REID, Alexandria. 2021. Criminal Risks in Free Trade Zones. Available online. In: https://rusi.org/explore- our-research/projects/criminal-risks-free-trade-zones. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
CUSTOMS CO-OPERATION COUNCIL. 2008. International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (as amended). Available online. In: https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/facilitation/instruments-and-tools/ conventions/kyoto-convention/revised-kyoto-convention/body_gen- annex-and-specific-annexes.pdf?la=en. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
HALL, Alexandra; ANTONOPOULOS, Georgios; ATKINSON, Rowland; WYATT, Tanya. 2022. “Duty free: Turning the criminological spotlight on special economic zones” In: The British Journal of Criminology. azac010. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac010. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
HALL, Tim; SANDERS, Ben; BAH, Mamadou; KING, Owen; WIGLEY, Edward. 2021. “Economic geographies of the illegal: the multiscalar production of cybercrime” In: Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 24, pp. 282-307.
HOLDEN, Chris. 2017. “Graduated sovereignty and global governance gaps: Special economic zones and the illicit trade in tobacco products” In: Political Geography. Vol. 59, pp. 72-81.
HRYTSYSHEN, Dymytrii Oleksandrovych. 2021. State policy in the field of prevention and counteraction of economic crime. Doctor’s thesis. National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
HUSSAIN, Ejaz; RAO, Muhammad Furqan. 2020. “China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation: The Case of Special Economic Zones (SEZs)” In: Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 13, pp. 453-472.
ICC, BASCAP. 2020. Controlling the Zone: Balancing Facilitation and Control to Combat Illicit Trade in Free Trade Zones. Seminal Report. Available online. In: https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2020/12/2020- bascap-report.pdf. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
KOPOTUN, Igor; NIKITIN, Anatolii; DOMBROVAN, Nataliia; TULINOV, Valentyn; KYSLENKO, Dmytro. 2020. “Expanding the potential of the preventive and law enforcement function of the security police in combating cybercrime in Ukraine and the EU” In: TEM Journal. Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 460-468.
KOPOTUN, Igor; UVAROV, Volodymyr; SVOBODA, Ivo; VEKLYCH, Vladyslav; DOVBAN, Igor. 2022. “Coordination of the fight against organized crime resulted from corruption” In: Amazonia Investiga. Vol. 11, No. 50, pp. 260-271.
KOVALCHYK, Taras. 2020. Free Economic Zones in Ukraine: Magnets for IP Crime? Available online. In: https://voxukraine.org/en/free- economic-zones-in-ukraine-magnets-for-ip-crime/. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
MANJIAO, Chi. 2021. “Regulation of Special Economic Zones Through Regional Trade Agreements: Confronting the Synergy Issue” In: Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 423-442.
McPHERSON-SMITH, Oliver. 2022. “Leveraging low state capacity for economic development: a case study of Tajik–Afghan cross-border markets” In: Central Asian Survey. Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 436-455.
MOISEIENKO, Anton. 2021. “Free economic zones and crime: global lessons for Ukraine” In: Ekonomichna Pravda. Available online. In: https://www.epravda.com.ua/columns/2021/05/26/674236/. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
OECD LEGAL INSTRUMENTS. 2019. Recommendation of the Council on Countering Illicit Trade: Enhancing Transparency in Free Trade Zones. Available online. In: https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0454. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
OECD/EUIPO. 2018. Trade in Counterfeit Goods and Free Trade Zones: Evidence from Recent Trends. OECD Publishing. Paris, France.
OECD/EUIPO. 2021. Misuse of Containerized Maritime Shipping in the Global Trade of Counterfeits. OECD Publishing. Paris, France.
OLIINYK, Dmytro. 2018. Prevention of corruption crimes committed during customs procedures. Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
PANAGIOTIS, Delimatsis. 2021. “Financial Services Trade in Special Economic Zones” In: Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 277-297.
PARK, Mun-su; LEE, Hwansoo. 2020. “Smart City Crime Prevention Services: The Incheon Free Economic Zone Case” In: Sustainability. Vol. 12, No. 14, p. 5658.
PROKOPENKO, Olha; KURBATOVA, Tetiana; KHALILOVA, Marina; ZERKAL, Anastasiia; PRAUSE, Gunnar; BINDA, Jacek; BERDIYOROV, Temur; KLAPKIV, Yuriy; SANETRA-PÓŁGRABI, Sabina; KOMARNITSKYI, Igor. 2023. “Impact of investments and R&D costs in renewable energy technologies on companies’ profitability indicators: Assessment and forecast” In: Energies. Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 01-18.
RIEZNIK, Oleh Mykolaiovych. 2019. Administrative and legal principles of the activity of law enforcement agencies to ensure the financial and economic security of Ukraine. Doctor’s thesis. Sumy State University. Sumy, Ukraine.
RUSI. n.d. About the Free Trade Zone Risk Assessment Tool: Who is this tool for? Available online. In: https://ftz-risk.rusi.org/about-rusi-free-trade- zone-risk-tool. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
UNODC. 2021. Kyoto Declaration on Advancing Crime Prevention, Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law: Towards the Achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 14th United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Available online. In: https:// www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/Congress/21-02815_Kyoto_ Declaration_ebook_rev_cover.pdf. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
VAN UHM, Daan; SOUTH, Nigel; WYATT, Tanya. 2021. “Connections between trades and trafficking in wildlife and drugs.” In: Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 24, pp. 425-446.
VAN UHM, Daan; WONG, Rebecca. Y. 2021. “Chinese organized crime and the illegal wildlife trade: diversification and outsourcing in the Golden Triangle” In: Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 24, pp. 486–505.
VESELOVSKA, Nataliia; KRUSHYNSKYI, Serhii; KRAVCHUK, Oleh; PUNDA, Olеksandr; PISKUN, Ivan. 2022. “Combating cybercrime and criminal legal measures under the conditions of the state of martial.” In: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. Ad Alta, Special Issue 12/02- XXXI, pp. 233-236 Available online. In: http://www.magnanimitas.cz/ ADALTA/120231/papers/A_41.pdf. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
VESTBY, Annette. 2022. “Cheats, Threats and Reflexivity: Organizational Narratives on Policing Organized and Economic Crime” In: The British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 200-217.
WCO. 2020. Practical Guidance on Free Zones. Available online. In: https:// www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/facilitation/ activities-and-programmes/free-zone/wco-fz-guidance_en.pdf?la=en. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
WINDLE, James; SILKE, Andrew. 2019. “Is drawing from the state ‘state of the art’? A review of organized crime research data collection and analysis, 2004–2018” In: Trends in Organized Crime. Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 394-413.
WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION. 2019. Electronic crime experts from Customs meet in Tokyo. Available online. In: https://www.wcoomd.org/ en/media/newsroom/2019/december/electronic-crime-experts-from-customs-meet-in-tokyo.aspx. Consultation Date: 12/01/2023.
WU, Min; LIU, Chong; HUANG, Jiuli. 2021. “The special economic zones and innovation: Evidence from China” In: China Economic Quarterly International. Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 319-330.
Publicado
2023-05-10
Cómo citar
Veselovska, N., Sieriebriak, S., Petkov, V., Dovban, I., & Udod, A. (2023). Crime prevention in special (free) economic zones: Prevención del delito en zonas económicas especiales (francas). Cuestiones Políticas, 41(77), 369-389. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4177.25
Sección
Derecho Público
Copyright
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación donde se presenta el artículo, el cual se publica bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License, que permite a otros compartir el trabajo previo el reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y de la publicación inicial en esta revista.
Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
Esta obra está bajo la licencia:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
