Revista Profesional HígadoSano

Tabla de Contenido

Maribel Lizarzábal García — 2024-05-23

Microbiota Intestinal. Impacto en la salud

Maribel Lizarzábal-García — 2024-05-23

En las últimas dos décadas, la ciencia ha experimentado un gran avance en la comprensión del papel fundamental que juega la microbiota intestinal en la salud y el bienestar del ser humano. Lejos de ser solo un conjunto de bacterias intestinales (90% pertenecientes a 2 filos representados por Bacteroidetes y Firmicutes), este complejo ecosistema alberga billones de microorganismos que interactúan con nuestro cuerpo de maneras fascinantes, influyendo en una amplia gama de funciones que van más allá de la digestión.

Disbiosis intestinal y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Marianela Añez de Hernández — 2024-05-23

Intestinal dysbiosis is an imbalance at the level of the intestinal microbiota, which constitutes a reduction in the absorption capacity of nutrients and through this induces vitamin deficiency. Microbiota dysbiosis usually induces the formation of specific cells against the intestinal microbiota, by the release of MAMPS, which leads to the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukin. Inflammatory bowel disease is defined as a group of disorders that induce inflammation of the small and large intestines, causing components of the gastro-intestinal system to be attacked by the individual's immune system. The symptoms are: abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, bloody stools. They comprise two groups of Crohn's diseases and idiopathic ulcerative rectocolitis. Crohn's can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and ulcerative colitis is characterized by inflammation in the large intestine. Among the risk factors are smoking, race, family history and NSAIDs. Higher incidence in Europe, Americans, blacks and Latinos. Lower incidences in central and southern regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. In munophysiopathology, the role of NLPH3 and regulation of NLRPH3 and the role of citokines in their th1 or th2 profiles intervene, with the release of proinflammatory citokines and the role of ROS, which are proteins that make up oxygen and have bactericidal effects on function. intestinal. Due to the lack of information on the factors that can influence between dysbiosis and IBD, more studies are important to clarify this interaction that compromises the gastrointestinal system and its consequences, which endanger the patient's life.

Intestino permeable. Importancia para la salud y bienestar

Maribel Lizarzábal García — 2024-05-23

The gut microbiota maintains the integrity of this intestinal barrier. Intestinal dysbiosis is manifested by the presence of pro-inflammatory bacterial strains, such as the Bacteroides species. There are 3 ways to modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota: supplementation with probiotics, intervention with specific microbial species using medications, and fecal transplantation with healthy intestinal microbiome. The development of new therapeutic tools that modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota will make it possible in the future to control a large group of diseases.

Microbiota intestinal, fibrosis quística y eje intestino pulmón intestinal

Yalitza Josefina Moreno — 2024-05-23

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary, autosomal recessive disease with multisystem involvement, caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulatory Protein (CFTR) located on chromosome 7. It is a hereditary disease. More common in Caucasians, these mutations cause dysfunction or absence of CFTR, triggering abnormalities in chloride secretion, sodium reabsorption and water transport, affecting multiple organs and systems, given the expression of this protein in all epithelial cells. Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis is defined as chronic and low grade, in which immune system cells participate, generating proinflammatory cytokines, it also increases the production of reactive oxygen species that generate greater oxidative stress and contributes to maintaining intestinal inflammation and systemic. The intestinal microbiota may have a bidirectional link and a significant clinical association with health or disease, intestinal dysbiosis has been reported since the sixth week of life, is related to the alteration of CFTR and inflammation, is characterized by a decrease in relative bacterial abundance and diversity is associated with a decrease in lung function through the intestine-lung axis, an intestinal decrease in Bacteroides and Bifidubacterium and an increase in Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Veillonella have been reported, the interconnection between the gastrointestinal system and the Respiratory disease is evidenced by the presence of bacterial genera such as Enterococcus and Escherichia coli that initially colonize the intestine and then the lung.

Modificación de la microbiota por consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados

Luisandra González Inciarte — 2024-05-23

Ultra-processed foods" are foods made largely from substances extracted from food, obtained from food ingredients or synthesized in a laboratory. These foods are often characterized by low nutritional value, high energy density and the presence of additives and compounds formed during production, processing and storage. The main functions of the intestinal microbiota are competition for nutrients and receptors, displacement of pathogens, production of antimicrobial factors, regulation of the rate of enterocyte exchange, strengthening of the intestinal barrier and maintenance of intestinal mucosal function by secretion of IgA. The absorption of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) requires an exchange with bicarbonate ions, which neutralize hydrogen ions. These changes generate variations in the pH of the colon, influencing the composition and population of the intestinal microbiota. Changes in sugar load directly affect the regulation and homeostatic maintenance of the intestinal microbiota by contributing to variations in pH, microorganism composition and SCFA production. Bifidobacterium and some subgroups of Clostridium show a significant reduction with reduced or limited fiber intake. The consumption of high-fat diets also affects the modulation of the intestinal bacterial population, causing a reduction of up to 50% in the Bacteroides group.

Artritis y alteraciones en la microbiota intestinal

Rosana Materano Blanco — 2024-05-23

The study of the microbiota since the beginning of this century has strengthened in a way to better understand its characteristics and interrelationship with the host, and the mechanisms by which it favors or harms their health. This has more clearly established the hypotheses dating back to the 19th century in which microorganisms were proposed as causes of autoimmune disease. This review will present some of the data that support the alteration of the microbite, called dysbiosis with the development and greater severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and how the renewal of the balance of the microbiota through therapeutic strategies has proven to be favorable in the control of joint disease.