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Octubre-diciembre
ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN
Promover la solidaridad social: prácticas de liderazgo en la gestión de
residuos domésticos
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11155934
Andi Isma*, Asyraf bin Ab. Rahman**, Hailan bin Salamun *** Abdul Hanis bin
Embong****, Kasyfullah bin Abd. Kadir***** y Hamdan bin Aziz******
Resumen
Este artículo examina la influencia de la calidad de los líderes locales en el desarrollo de
la cohesión social sobre la gestión de residuos domésticos en la ciudad de Makassar. Se
utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo para llevar a cabo este estudio, en el que se recopilaron
datos de junio a septiembre de 2019. Los sujetos de investigación seleccionados fueron
empresas manufactureras en China, incluida la fabricación de equipos generales,
materias primas químicas y productos químicos, fabricación farmacéutica. Muchas
cuestiones relacionadas con la industria manufacturera han tenido un impacto
significativo en el entorno ecológico. Se invitó a participar en la encuesta a dirigentes o
directivos locales familiarizados con el estado general de su empresa. Los resultados del
análisis muestran que la calidad del liderazgo tradicional tiene una relación significativa
con el desarrollo de la cohesión social. Las conclusiones del estudio demuestran que el
liderazgo tradicional es importante para aumentar la unidad comunitaria en la
comunidad iban. Estas conclusiones serán importantes directrices para los pensadores y
profesionales del desarrollo, los líderes comunitarios y las instituciones de desarrollo.
Desde un punto de vista teórico, nuestras conclusiones contribuyen a la literatura sobre
el liderazgo en el lugar y la gobernanza colaborativa. Desde un punto de vista práctico,
arrojamos luz sobre la importancia de cuatro prácticas de liderazgo interrelacionadas
que deben aplicar los gestores públicos y los líderes cívicos para promover un cambio
social positivo.
Palabras clave: Economía social y solidaria, gestión de residuos domésticos, líderes
locales y entorno ecológico.
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Abstract
Promoting social solidarity: leadership practices in household waste
management
This article examines the influence of the quality of local leaders on the development of
social cohesion on household waste management in the city of Makassar. A quantitative
approach was used to conduct this study, where data was collected from June to
September 2019. The selected research subjects were manufacturing firms in China,
including general equipment manufacturing, chemical raw materials and chemical
products, pharmaceutical manufacturing. Many issues relating to the manufacturing
industry have had a significant impact on the ecological environment. Local leaders or
managers familiar with the overall state of their firm were invited to participate in the
survey. The results of the analysis show that the quality of traditional leadership has a
significant relationship with the development of social cohesion. The findings of the study
prove that traditional leadership is important to increase community unity in the Iban
community. These findings will be important guidelines for development thinkers,
practitioners, community leaders, and development institutions. From a theoretical point
of view, our findings contribute to the literature on both place leadership and
collaborative governance. From a practical point of view, we shed light on the importance
of four interrelated leadership practices to be enacted by public managers and civic
leaders to promote positive social change.
Keywords: Social and solidarity economy, household waste management, local leaders,
and ecological environment.
Recibido: 12/03/2024 Aceptado: 29/04/2024
*PhD Candidate Philosophy and Civilization, Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7688-3708. E-mail: isma.salama@gmail.com
**Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-9265 . E-mail: asyraf@umt.edu.my
***Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-8039 Corresponding Author: E-mail: hailan@umt.edu.my
****Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-1000 . E-mail: hanis.embong@umt.edu.my
*****Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu,
Malaysia. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-0304 . E-mail: kasyfullah.kadir@umt.edu.my
******Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu,
Malaysia. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8613-8816 . E-mail: hamdan.aziz@umt.edu.my
1. Introduction
Leaders of social organizations play an important role in mobilizing the wider
community for social change (Agustang, Oruh, & Agustang, 2022). Leaders ignite the
minds of fellow human beings with their words and actions. Especially, leaders who are
in a position to change people's life situations are at the forefront of empowering people,
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their environment and their future (Nikolova & Ness, 2022). The findings of the research
paper will explain the process of setting trends and benchmarks by women leaders which
will in turn pave the way for the progress and development of ordinary women in the
transformation process at the grassroots level (Muheirwe et al., 2023). It will also add
knowledge to the scientific research community about the deep and radical change
processes brought about by leaders who transform society in new directions and
improvements to a completely different level of effectiveness (Alfian & Margono, 2023).
The Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) has emerged as an economic model that
includes research and practice that recognizes the 'social implementation' of economic
activity: all activities are subject to institutional arrangements and social needs (Laville
and García-Jan´e, 2009; Coraggio, 2011). SSE, as an amalgam term, can encompass
both the traditional social economy and newer solidarity economy initiatives (Abdullah &
Jamali, 2022). Social economy is generally associated with any organization and
enterprise that is people-oriented and can operate sustainably (Ansar et al., 2023). The
solidarity economy promotes social, systemic transformation and emphasizes issues of
redistributive justice, 'deep' sustainability, alternatives to capitalism, as well as
participatory democracy and emancipatory politics (Utting, 2015). Solidarity economy is
a more recent concept that emerged in the 1990s, and involves an attempt to rethink
economic relations from parameters based on justice, cooperation, reciprocity and
mutual assistance (Laville and García-Jan´e, 2009). SSE is not defined simply as a set
of business models with a social purpose, but based on the concept of alternative
economic and political fields (Abdullah & Jamali, 2022).
The term SSE is increasingly used to describe organizations and enterprises involved
in the production and exchange of goods and services, which are autonomous from the
state and guided by objectives and norms that prioritize social well-being, cooperation
and unity (Surya et al., 2023). They include, for example, cooperatives and other social
enterprises, mutual associations, informal economy workers' unions, fair trade networks,
and solidarity finance schemes (Jaya & Machdum, 2022). SSE seeks to transform the
economic system to achieve greater equality and social cohesion, and to put the
economy at the service of human needs, rather than putting people at the service of
economic growth. SSE is also gaining traction worldwide, both among practitioners
involved in local initiatives and among international institutions (EU, 2021; OECD, 2022;
UNRISD, 2021); and it has also been linked to the achievement of sustainable
development (UN General Assembly, 2023).
2. Literature Review
Social economy and solidarity (hereinafter referred to as SSE) is traditionally defined
as an economic organization that has the goal of economic activity and income
generation, oriented to the needs of society and managed based on democratic principles
(Jaya & Machdum, 2022). Community participation in waste management is limited to
disposal and has not carried out segregation and handling. This is due to the low level
of public awareness about waste management. Society does not consider waste as a
resource and its management is only left to the government (Fidelis et al., 2023).
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Supporting factors in waste management are the level of education, technology. Various
arguments above prove that the theological approach in waste management can be
applied. Therefore, local leaders are considered capable of developing community
participation in waste management.
Community participation in waste management comes from their knowledge and
awareness. Azjen (1991: 179) explains that one of the approaches used to understand
human behavior in waste management is the planned behaviour theory approach or
known as the theory of Planned Behaviour. In this theory, a person will act based on his
intentions if they have control over his behaviour (Ajzen, 2005: 3). This theory
emphasizes that human behaviour originates from consciousness. In addition,
awareness also comes from knowledge or information that has been received (Idrus,
Ismail, & Amandaria, 2022).
Following this vision, the equitable distribution of profits must take into account the
social and environmental sustainability of human activities in the context of commitment
and accountability: 'Reasonable profits are the basis of the ability to have a deep
ecological and social commitment (Idrus, Ismail, & Amandaria, 2022). Real commitment
means investing a large portion of profits in increasing social impact and reducing
ecological impact' (I.WS3). This deviation from the need for profit maximization helps
foster a model of sufficiency rather than growth, since instead of striving for growth,
firms can strive to uphold their social or ecological goals (Nesterova, 2020). SSE
initiatives tend to involve all stakeholders through cooperation and collaboration. We
analyze SSE networks that involve various sectoral activities and tend to cooperate in
common social and environmental goals that go beyond the pursuit of profit, which is a
characteristic of their social embeddedness.
This conceptual framework shows that achievement in the strategy develops the role
of Leadership in campaigning household waste management through two processes. The
first is the analysis of knowledge and behavior through filling in questionnaires using
quantitative analysis. Second, an analysis of the role of Leadership in campaigning
household waste management through interviews conducted directly with religious
figures to find out the role of Leadership in campaigning household waste management
through qualitative analysis.
This study is expected to provide a clear direction to the community regarding
household waste management based on theological concepts. In addition, this study also
serves as a guide for the Leadership to develop its abilities and behavior in campaigning
for household waste management. Stakeholder strategies in developing leadership roles
to optimize household waste management can be a model for the Indonesian
government to develop a theologically based waste management concept.
3. Methods
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This study uses a questionnaire to obtain the necessary data. A pilot survey was
conducted before the official survey, and the results were used to revise the official
questionnaire. A large-scale survey was conducted from June to September 2019. The
selected research subjects were manufacturing firms in China, including general
equipment manufacturing, chemical raw materials and chemical products,
pharmaceutical manufacturing. Many issues involving the manufacturing industry can
have a significant impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, respondents can
evaluate the items in the questionnaire objectively, only high-level managers and
managers who are familiar with the overall situation of their firm are invited to
participate in the survey (Alfian, et, al, 2023).
4. Results
Public Knowledge and Awareness in Household Waste Management
Many issues floating around today debates environmental issues that can affect the
stability of human life. However, the community has not yet been able to relate this fact
to the message of Leadership regarding efforts to manage life fairly in order to create
harmony in life. Likewise with the responsibility of doing good and abandoning evil by
maintaining the stability of the environmental ecosystem.
Table 1
Environmental Knowledge on Fact Indicators
No
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage
1
0.00 -
0.50
111
56%
2
0.51 -
1.00
89
45%
0
200
100%
Source: Data Analysis, 2021
The description of the results of the study illustrates that the community does not
understand that waste materials that are thrown away indiscriminately can cause floods.
The facts on the ground show that there are a number of people who throw garbage in
the wrong place. In various corners of the city of Makassar, there are piles of garbage
on the side of the road, on empty land, or on the banks of the river. In fact, waste
materials are always found in canals that are drains. As a result, when the rainy season
arrives, water channels overflow and flood residential areas in Makassar City. Proper
disposal of waste is at a temporary landfill located on the side of the road. The temporary
dump is made of stones measuring 1.5 m x 1.5 m x 1 m. This size is relatively small
when compared to the amount of waste that needs to be accommodated. This situation
makes it difficult for people to dispose of waste in the right place.
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The measurement of this knowledge is based on agreement to the given statement.
This is the basis for considering the level of community knowledge. The results of the
analysis show that the understanding of the concept of waste management is in the high
category.
Table 2
Environmental Knowledge on Concept Indicators
No
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage
1
Low
0.00 - 0.50
95
48%
2
High
0.51 – 1.00
105
53%
Total
0
200
100%
Source: Data Analysis, 2021
The results of the study show that there are 53% of respondents who understand
the concept of good waste management and there are 48% who have minimal
knowledge. The average score of knowledge about environmental concepts is 0.487 or
the low category. In the concept indicator, the instrument consists of 14 statements.
Each statement is given a value of 1 if the respondent evaluates the statement as true.
If the respondent evaluates the given statement incorrectly, then it is given a value of
0. The evaluation is collected and then averaged so that each respondent is likely to get
a score of 0 to 1. Respondents with an average score of 0-0.50 are categorized as having
low knowledge while the group of respondents with an average score of 0.51 -1.00 is
categorized as high knowledge (Nikolova, 2022).
The information they receive through the mass media and social media or the
knowledge they acquire through education is something that supports a person to have
knowledge about the concept of the environment. A person who actively explores waste
management information will increase his knowledge of the concept and he will pass on
that information to others who have that knowledge. The concept of waste management
in this study implies a description of the relationship between waste management
behavior and the teachings of the Prophet, human daily activities, and other Islamic
sharia. The results of the study on the indicators of care shown by the community that
are linked to the awareness of managing waste correctly are in the low category.
Table 3
Care Indicator on the Household Waste Management
No Category Interval Frequency Percentage
1 Very Low 1.00 - 1.79 16 8%
2 Low 1.80 - 2.59 63 32%
3 Medium 2.60 - 3.39 54 27%
4 High 3.40 - 4.19 48 24%
5 Very High 4.20 - 5.00 19 10%
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Total 200 100%
Source: Data Analysis, 2021
Based on the frequency analysis of respondents' answers in Table 3, it shows that
the public's concern is in the low category. The average loving score is 2.52 or even in
the low category. This result illustrates that society still does not care about the
surrounding environment and other people. The indifference of the public in managing
garbage properly is due to their low knowledge of Islamic law. Waste management is a
form of human leadership function. If people understand this function, they will sacrifice
their time and energy to manage waste. In addition, people are not aware of the
importance of separating household waste based on its type. This awareness is not a
concern for Leadership, as stated by a housewife as follows: The analysis of respondents
39; answers regarding public awareness to work together in cleaning the environment
is presented in the following table:
Table 4
Mutual Cooperation Indicator
No Category Interval Frequency Percentage
1 Very Low 1.00 - 1.79 8 4%
2 Low 1.80 - 2.59 35 18%
3 Medium 2.60 - 3.39 72 36%
4 High 3.40 - 4.19 65 33%
5 Very High 4.20 - 5.00 20 10%
Total 200 100%
Source: Authors results
The results of this analysis illustrate that the public awareness in carrying out mutual
cooperation is in the medium category, they are 72 respondents who showed scores at
the interval 2.60 - 3.39. Another trend seen in Table 4 is that there are 65 respondents
who show a high awareness of mutual cooperation. If we look at the average score of
respondents for mutual cooperation of 3.30, it is in line with the frequency analysis. The
distribution of respondents 39; assessments means that the level of public awareness
for mutual cooperation is relatively good. This is influenced by the ability of community
leaders to mobilize awareness for mutual cooperation.
Table 5
Indicators of Leader’s Knowledge
Indicators Average Score
Facts 0.58
Concepts 0.49
Procedurals 0.37
Average 0.63
Total 200 100%
Source: Authors results
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Based on table 5 above, procedurals indicators have the lowest score compared to
facts and concepts indicators. This indicates that Leadership's knowledge of household
waste management is still low. However, when referring to the knowledge interval with
a score of 0 – 1, the three knowledge indicators namely facts, concepts, and procedurals
are generally still in the low category (Saldivia-Gonzatti, et , al , 2022). The first
indicator of Leadership's knowledge in campaigning for household waste management is
facts. In this study, the related facts are about the causes of natural disasters, such as
floods caused by human activities that can damage environmental sustainability. The
results of the analysis for the fact indicators can be seen in the following table.
Table 6
Results of the analysis for the fact indicators
No Category Interval Frequency Percentage
1 Low 0.00 - 0.50 25 42%
2 High 0.51 - 1.00 35 58%
Total 60 100%
Source: Authors results
The results of the frequency analysis above show that Leadership's knowledge of
facts on household waste management is high. This is in line with the average score of
respondents about the facts of 0.58 or in the high category. In general, the Leadership
know and realize that the causes of flooding are mostly caused by human activities who
throw waste in any place, such as rivers and sewers. Leadership also understands that
littering is a bad trait and can damage human daily activities.
Leadership's knowledge about the concept of household waste management also
shows low results. Table 6 below illustrates that there are 33 Leaderships who do not
understand the concept of waste management. The results of the analysis of
Leadership's knowledge of concept indicators can be seen in the following table:
Table 7
Leadership’s Knowledge on Concepts Indicator
Source: Authors results
The results of the frequency analysis showed that most of the respondents showed
low knowledge of the concept of waste management. This is in line with the average
No
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage
1
Low
0.00 -
0.50
33
55%
2
High
0.51 -
1.00
27
45%
Total
60
100%
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score of concept knowledge of 0.49 or is between the scores of 0.00 – 0.50. The concept
of waste management associated with Islamic teachings includes social benefits with
waste management activities. Making your own trash can, separating waste based on
type, and making compost to reduce the volume of waste is expected to maintain
sustainability and prevent environmental damage. In line with the results of the
interview with the ustaz below (Saldivia-Gonzatti, et , al , 2022)
The facts above indicate that the community needs education and awareness
development to participate in waste management. Leadership as the person in charge
of inviting and encouraging others to teach Islam through his leadership activities is able
to play a role in developing knowledge and awareness of the community. Therefore,
Leadership also has to understand waste management procedures. The results showed
that Leadership did not have procedural knowledge about good waste management. As
described in the following table (Agustang, et , al , 2022):
Table 8
Leadership’s Knowledge on Procedurals Indicator
No
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage
1
0.00 - 0.50
38
63%
2
0.51 - 1.00
22
37%
60
100%
Source: Authors results
Based on the results of the analysis above, it shows that most of Leadership lack of
procedural knowledge. These results are seen in most of the respondents who show
scores between 0.00 – 0.50. The average score of all respondents is 0.37 or is in the
low category. This procedural knowledge includes the ways of lifestyle that can reduce
plastic waste, such as using plastic bags when shopping or minimizing the use of single-
use food container. In addition, the technique of making compost is also generally not
understood by Leadership.
Information about waste management procedures in Makassar City is minimal. The
socialization of waste management through banners did not reveal anything about the
waste management campaign. Likewise, other forms of communication media such as
print media and leaflets covering waste management methods have never been widely
distributed. This was revealed in the results of an interview with one of Leadership below
(Azevedo, et , al , 2021)
The implementation of Islamic religious values in leadership habits also includes
improving the quality of the environment. Therefore, Leadership must be able to
actualize the values of Islamic teachings in leadership life, especially in waste
management efforts. Leadership must be able to convey invitations or practical ways in
processing waste so that people have good awareness in waste processing. Da'wah Bil
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hal (convey Islamic teachings with real practice) includes four parts, namely inviting,
preventing the wrong/dishonorable, exemplary, and demonstrating. Therefore, this
study focuses on four indicators which are presented in the following table:
Table 9
Rasio of Leadership Behavior Indicator Comparison
Source: Authors results
Based on table 8 above, most of the Leadership have conveyed the message of waste
management in their da’wah. It has implicitly invited Muslims to protect nature. The
information conveyed is general in nature and does not explicitly reveal waste
management. On the other hand, the community understands perfectly the meaning of
environmental management. Ideal conditions in the role of campaigning for waste
management are formed if Leadership is able to set an example and demonstrate ways
of managing waste. However, Leadership has not yet possessed this potential, so the
role of the waste management campaign is relatively small.
The first indicator of Leadership's behavior in campaigning for waste management is
an effort to invite the community to carry out waste management. The results of
research on respondents' answers to these indicators are presented in table 9 below.
Table 10
Indicator of Inviting the Community to Manage Household Waste
No
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage
1
Very Low
1.00 - 1.79
15
25%
2
Low
1.80 - 2.59
16
26%
3
Medium
2.60 - 3.39
13
22%
4
High
3.40 – 4.19
10
17%
5
Very High
4.20 – 5.00
6
10%
Total
60
100%
Source: Authors results
Indicator
Average Score
Inviting
3.56
Preventing The
wrong/dishonorable
3.35
Exemplary
3.30
Demonstrating
2.52
Average
3.18
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The results of the research above show that only a small number of Leadership are
intense in inviting the community to do waste management. In fact, there are 25% of
Leadership who are in the very low category or have never invited Muslims to do waste
management. The results of an interview with Leadership who once invited the
community to do waste management explained that Muslims are prohibited from being
extravagant or wasting food.
Leadership's role in preventing the wrong/dishonorable behavior or bad deeds is by
conveying information about the importance of managing household waste properly and
the benefits of good waste management that can prevent us from all dangerous diseases.
Leadership's behavior in preventing the wrong/dishonorable is in the medium category
as seen in table 10 below.
Table 11
Indicator of Preventing Acts of the wrong/dishonorable
No
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage
1
Very Low
1.00 -
1.79
12
20%
2
Low
1.80 -
2.59
12
20%
3
Medium
2.60 -
3.39
17
28%
4
High
3.40 –
4.19
13
22%
5
Very High
4.20 –
5.00
6
10%
Total
60
100%
Source: Authors results
Based on the results of the frequency analysis above, it shows that the highest
frequency is in the medium category. This is in line with the average score of
respondents' answers of 3.35 or between 2.60-3.39. Da'wah that relates waste
management with the prevention of crime (the wrong/dishonorable) is relatively low or
Leadership very rarely says that waste management is an act of preventing evil. The
number of respondents who indicated the very low category was 12 people and the low
category was also 12 people.
Therefore, Leadership needs to provide information to the public about the benefits
of managing waste in the life of human daily activities in his da'wah (convey Islamic
teachings). The da'wah can be in the form of direct delivery at recitations or campaigns
through social media.
The problem of waste in big cities greatly affects the quality of human life related to
environmental aesthetics, public health, and community conflicts. The problem of waste
that continues to be left alone can develop into a social problem. Leadership should carry
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out the development of Islamic knowledge that creates public awareness to participate
in overcoming these problems (Azevedo, et , al , 2021).
Leadership's role in campaigning for waste management can also take the form of
exemplary behavior or attitude that deserves attention in managing household waste is
the use of household waste, such as making compost that can be done by the community
to reduce the volume of household waste. The indicator on Leadership's example is in
the medium category.
Table 12
Leadership's Role in Setting an Example of Management
No
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage
1
Very Low
1.00 -
1.79
7
12%
2
Low
1.80 -
2.59
14
23%
3
Medium
2.60 -
3.39
23
38%
4
High
3.40 –
4.19
15
25%
5
Very High
4.20 –
5.00
1
2%
Total
60
100%
Source: Authors results
The results of the frequency analysis above show that 23 respondents behaved as
exemplary when doing da’wah. This indicates that the exemplary behavior is in the
medium category. The average value of respondents' answers on this indicator is 3.30
or also indicates a medium category. This can be seen from Leadership's role in
conveying the importance of managing waste to reduce environmental damage and
providing clothes that are still fit for use to people in need as an effort to minimize the
volume of waste (Alfian, et , al , 2023).
The next indicator is a waste management campaign with demonstration techniques.
Information from Leadership that they rarely demonstrate how to select and separate
inorganic and organic household waste. Indicator Leadership in demonstrating waste
management is in the low category.
Table 13
The Role of Leadership in Demonstrating Behavior
No
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage
1
Very Low
1.00 - 1.79
30
50%
2
Low
1.80 - 2.59
24
40%
3
Medium
2.60 - 3.39
3
5%
4
High
3.40 – 4.19
2
3%
5
Very High
4.20 – 5.00
1
2%
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Total
60
100%
Source: Authors results
The results of this analysis indicate that Leadership who demonstrates waste
management is in the very low category. The number of respondents who indicated the
very low category was 50% and the number of respondents in the low category was
40% and the number of respondents in the very high category was 2%. This result is
also reinforced by the average score of all respondents of 2.52 or is in the low category.
These results indicate that Leadership has not played a role in campaigning for the
separation of organic and inorganic waste. Therefore, Leadership must improve his
ability to separate garbage. Leadership should make an effort to increase knowledge
waste sorting procedures, organic waste management, and organic waste recycling, so
that this knowledge can be used as propaganda material in the community (Agustang,
et , al , 2022).
Within this section, it is analysed that the data acquired during our study, which
concentrated on public's knowledge and awareness of waste management, leadership's
knowledge of waste management, and their participation in waste management
campaigns.
Public Knowledge and Awareness of Waste Management:
The data gathered from the respondents disclosed intriguing insights into the public's
level of knowledge and awareness of waste management. A series of indicators are used
for this, including facts, concepts, and procedural knowledge, to evaluate this (Jaya,
2022)
a) Indicator of Factual Knowledge: Approximately 56% of respondents had
restricted knowledge of the factual aspects of waste management, according
to our findings. They frequently discarded trash improperly, contributing to
environmental problems like flooding. These results highlight the need for
community-wide education and awareness campaigns.
b) Concepts Indicator: Concepts indicator revealed that 53% of respondents had
an excellent grasp of waste management concepts. This shows that many
respondents were aware of the significance of appropriate waste
management, potentially as the result of their exposure to educational
initiatives or media outlets.
c) Indicator of Procedures: However, the respondents' procedural knowledge
was found to be minimal, with 63% falling into the low category. Numerous
respondents lacked knowledge of effective waste management techniques,
such as plastic refuse reduction and composting.
These research findings aid in suggesting that while the general public may have a
strong conceptual comprehension of waste management, their practical knowledge of
waste management procedures is significantly lacking. This focuses on the requirement
for educational programs and campaigns to close the knowledge divide (Ghani, 2021).
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Knowledge and Behavior of Leadership in Waste Management Campaigns:
The study also concentrated on the knowledge and behavior of leadership in waste
management campaigns. Leadership is vital for shaping and educating the community.
With an average score of 0.58, data indicated that Leadership's knowledge of
waste management facts was generally strong. As a consequence of improper
waste disposal, environmental issues, like inundation, can arise. This was
demonstrated by the leadership.
In comparison, Leadership's understanding of waste management concepts was
relatively limited. 55% of Leadership had minimal knowledge in this area,
according to the data. This suggests that the relationship between refuse
management and Islamic teachings must be better understood. 3.63% of the
leadership's knowledge of the procedural aspects of waste management fell into
the low category for the Procedures Indicator. Numerous leaders lacked
knowledge of waste management techniques, such as appropriate waste
classification and composting.
Leadership's Role in Waste Management Campaigns
a) Leadership's role within waste management campaigns was evaluated using four
key indicators: inviting, preventing the wrong/dishonorable, exhibiting exemplary
conduct, and demonstrating practical waste management techniques.
b) Inviting: As per the data, a significant portion of Leadership did not actively invite
the community to participate in waste management, with 25% falling into the
category of "very low." However, a comparable proportion exhibited heightened
awareness and actively encouraged community to manage refuse.
c) Averting the wrong/dishonorable: The role of leadership in preventing evil deeds
(the wrong/dishonorable) related to refuse management was rated as medium
by 28% of respondents. This indicates that the Leadership's message regarding
refuse management and the prevention of environmental damage needs to be
emphasized further.
d) Exemplary Conduct: The leadership's role in establishing an example for waste
management was, on average, average. This responsibility integrate composting
to reduce waste volume. There is however room for advancement in this regard.
e) Leadership's function in demonstrating practical waste management techniques
was found to be low, with fifty percent of Leadership falling into the category of
very low. This indicates that Leadership must actively demonstrate effective
refuse management techniques to the community.
f) Collectively, these research findings indicate the need for enhanced public and
Leadership-focused educational programs and campaigns. Enhancing knowledge
and promoting practical waste management skills are crucial for addressing
waste-related challenges and attaining a more sustainable environment. Through
greater awareness and practical demonstration, the role of leadership in
advocating for appropriate waste management can be enhanced. This research
data analysis delivers valuable insights into the current state of knowledge and
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behaviour regarding waste management in the community, as well as the role of
Leadership in addressing this issue.
4. Discussion
Public Awareness and Knowledge of Waste Management:
A considerable portion of the public, about 56%, demonstrated limited knowledge of
waste management-related facts. This ignorance is evident in the illegal disposal of
refuse, which contributes to environmental problems like flooding. In contrast, 53% of
respondents demonstrated an exceptional grasp of waste management concepts.
Numerous respondents appeared to understand the significance of appropriate refuse
management, possibly as a result of education or media exposure.
The disparity in procedural knowledge was identified, with 63 percent of respondents
falling into the low category. This suggests that the general public may lack practical
waste management skills, such as appropriate waste classification and composting.
Knowledge and Conduct of Leadership in Waste Management Campaigns:
The average score for leadership's knowledge of waste management's factual aspects
was 0.58, indicating the generally high level of understanding. The leadership
demonstrated an in-depth comprehension of the causes of environmental problems,
especially those resulting from improper refuse disposal.
In comparison, the comprehension of waste management concepts among
Leadership was relatively low, with 55% exhibiting minimal knowledge. This suggests a
need for a deeper comprehension of association between Islamic teachings and refuse
management. 63% of leadership's knowledge of the procedural aspects of waste
management fell into the low category. Numerous members of the Leadership appeared
ignorant of waste management techniques, integrating appropriate waste classification
and composting.
Leadership's Role in Waste Management Campaigning
The data revealed that Leadership's approach to inviting community participation in
waste management varied. Besides the fact that a sizable proportion of Leadership
actively invited the community, 25% demonstrated extremely low engagement with this
aspect. 28% of respondents placed leadership's role in preventing evil deeds (the
wrong/dishonorable) related to waste management in the medium category. This shows
that the Leadership's message regarding refuse management and the prevention of
environmental damage needs to be emphasized further.
Role of leadership within the setting an example for waste management was
generally medium, with practices such as composting to reduce waste volume. There is
however room for advancement in this regard. The role of leadership in demonstrating
practical waste management techniques was found to be poor, with 50 percent falling
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into the category of very low. This indicates that Leadership must actively demonstrate
effective refuse management techniques to the community.
Overall consequences
Collectively, these findings underscore the significance of increasing public's and
leadership's waste management knowledge and practical skills. Enhanced educational
programs and campaigns are vital for addressing the community's waste-related
challenges and achieving a more sustainable environment. Through greater awareness
and practical demonstration, the role of leadership in advocating for appropriate waste
management can be enhanced.
These findings provide a foundational understanding of the present state of waste
management knowledge and behaviour in the community, casting light on areas where
interventions and awareness campaigns can have a significant impact.
Public Awareness and Knowledge of Waste Management:
a) A substantial portion of the public, approximately 56%, demonstrated limited
knowledge of waste management-related facts. This ignorance is evident in the
illegal disposal of refuse, which contributes to environmental problems like
flooding.
b) In contrast, 53% of respondents demonstrated an exceptional grasp of waste
management concepts. Numerous respondents appeared to understand the
significance of appropriate refuse management, possibly as a result of education
or media exposure.
c) A significant disparity in procedural knowledge was identified, with 63 percent of
respondents falling into the low category. This suggests that the general public
may lack practical waste management skills, such as appropriate waste
classification and composting. (Ghani, 2021)
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Knowledge and Conduct of Leadership in Waste Management Campaigns:
a) The average score for leadership's knowledge of waste management's factual
aspects was 0.58, indicating a generally high level of understanding. The
leadership demonstrated an in-depth comprehension of the causes of
environmental problems, especially those resulting from improper refuse
disposal.
b) In contrast, the comprehension of waste management concepts among
Leadership was relatively low, with 55% exhibiting minimal knowledge. This
suggests a need for a deeper comprehension of the relationship between Islamic
teachings and refuse management (Alfian, et , al , 2023).
c) 63% of the leadership's knowledge of the procedural aspects of waste
management fell into the low category. Several members of the Leadership
appeared ignorant of waste management techniques, including appropriate waste
classification and composting.
Leadership's Role in Waste Management Campaigning
a) The data revealed that Leadership's approach to inviting community participation
in waste management varied. Despite the fact that a sizable proportion of
Leadership actively invited the community, 25% demonstrated extremely low
engagement with this aspect.
b) 28% of respondents placed leadership's role in preventing evil deeds related to
waste management in the medium category. This indicates that the Leadership's
message regarding refuse management and the prevention of environmental
damage needs to be emphasized further.
c) The role of leadership in setting an example for waste management was generally
medium, with practices such as composting to reduce waste volume. There is
however room for advancement in this regard (Saldivia-Gonzatti, et , al , 2022).
d) The role of leadership in demonstrating practical waste management techniques
was found to be poor, with 50 percent falling into the category of very low. This
indicates that Leadership must actively demonstrate effective refuse
management techniques to the community.
Overall Implications
Jointly, these findings underscore the significance of enhancing the public's and
leadership's waste management knowledge and practical skills. Enhanced educational
programs and campaigns are necessary for addressing the community's waste-related
challenges and attaining a more sustainable environment. Through greater awareness
and practical demonstration, the role of leadership in advocating for appropriate waste
management can be enhanced. These research findings provide a foundational
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understanding of the present state of waste management knowledge and behavior in
the community, casting light on areas where interventions and awareness campaigns
can have a significant impact.
5. Conclusions
In this study, we examined the public's knowledge and cognizance of waste
management, the leadership's knowledge of waste management, and their role in waste
management campaigns. The findings provided a nuanced depiction of the current state
of waste management in the community, highlighting the need for targeted interventions
to promote sustainable waste management practices and environmental stewardship.
The relatively low level of empirical knowledge, as indicated by improper waste
disposal practices and a lack of environmental impact awareness, indicates the need for
more inclusive and accessible education. Environmental education campaigns that
emphasize the negative effects of improper waste disposal, such as inundation, can help
raise public awareness.
On the other hand, the relatively high level of conceptual comprehension indicates
that the general public recognizes the significance of appropriate refuse management.
This is an encouraging basis for construction. This conceptual knowledge should be
translated into practical, real-world actions, such as refuse separating and composting,
through educational initiatives.
Leadership played a vital role in promoting appropriate waste management within
the community. Their extensive knowledge of the empirical aspects of waste
management qualifies them as knowledgeable environmental advocates. However,
Leadership's comprehension of waste management concepts was comparatively low,
indicating that waste management practices must be better aligned with Islamic
teachings.
Likewise, Leadership's procedural knowledge was comparatively limited, indicating
room for improvement in terms of waste management abilities. The data emphasize the
need for leaders to become proficient in various waste management techniques, as this
can have a significant impact on the behavior of the community.
Regarding the role of leadership in refuse management campaigns, our findings
revealed variations in strategy. Some Leadership actively invited community
participation in waste management, whereas others were less engaged in this regard.
The leadership's role in preventing bad deeds (the wrong/dishonorable) and in
establishing an example and demonstrating practical refuse management techniques
had space for improvement. These findings highlight the significance of consistent,
proactive leadership in promoting proper refuse management.
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This study's findings imply a variety of implications for promoting sustainable waste
management practices in the community. First, comprehensive environmental education
and awareness campaigns that address both the factual and procedural aspects of waste
management are clearly required. These campaigns should emphasize the
environmental repercussions of improper refuse disposal and waste management
techniques.
It should be encouraged that influential figures align their advocacy with Islamic
teachings and values. Enhanced understanding of waste management concepts and
procedures, combined with active advocacy and practical demonstration, can have a
significant impact on the community. Additionally, future research should investigate the
efficacy of educational interventions and leadership initiatives in enhancing community
waste management practices. Evaluating the effects of particular programs can provide
valuable insight into the most effective waste management promotion strategies.
To put it briefly, for community to achieve effective and sustainable waste
management practices, the public and leadership must collaborate. We can work towards
a greener, more environmentally conscientious future for all by addressing knowledge
deficits and promoting practical skills.
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