Principios de uso de plataformas de mediación basadas
en inteligencia artificial para resolver conflictos
familiares
Elena Kirillova 1
, Valentin Tkachev2
, Olga Kovaleva 3
, Ruslan Telegin4
,
Aleksandr Timkin5
1
Universidad Estatal del Suroeste, Kursk, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: debryansk@mail.ru / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-901X.
2
Universidad Estatal del Suroeste, Kursk, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: valentin_t71@mail.ru / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8731-5035.
3
Universidad Estatal de Orenburgo, Orenburgo, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: radaurist@mail.ru / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-1946.
4
Universidad Estatal del Sudoeste, Kursk, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: gpkursk@yandex.ru /ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-9120.
5
Universidad Estatal del Suroeste, Kursk, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: timkin_a_a@mail.ru / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7179-4134.
Resumen. El rápido desarrollo de la tecnología permite integrar la inteligencia
artificial en la resolución previa de litigios entre cónyuges. La IA, sus ventajas e incon-
venientes y la necesidad de minimizar las consecuencias negativas de su uso han sido
objeto de intenso debate. El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio destinado a
desarrollar un sistema de principios para el uso de plataformas de mediación impulsadas
por IA en la resolución de disputas familiares. El objetivo principal es analizar las ventajas
e inconvenientes de dichas plataformas y elaborar principios para el uso eficaz de la IA
en la fase previa al juicio. El estudio se basa en el análisis de investigaciones seleccionadas
según criterios específicos y examinadas cuidadosamente mediante métodos de analogía
y comparación. Los resultados muestran las características clave de las plataformas im-
pulsadas por IA, incluidas ventajas como la rapidez, la eficacia, la accesibilidad y la obje-
tividad. Las desventajas incluyen la violación de la confidencialidad, el riesgo de errores y
la falta de flexibilidad y capacidad de respuesta emocional. Los principios para el uso de
la IA en la mediación incluyen el respeto de la legalidad, la objetividad, la transparencia,
la precisión, la fiabilidad, la protección de datos, el apoyo al aprendizaje y el desarrollo,
el control del usuario y el cumplimiento de las normas éticas.
Palabras clave: mediación, tecnologías digitales, inteligencia artificial, principios de utilización
de la inteligencia artificial, acuerdos, derechos, responsabilidades.
Recibido: 03/06/2024 ~ Aceptado: 10/10/2024
INTERACCIÓN Y PERSPECTIVA
Revista de Trabajo Social
ISSN 2244-808X ~ Dep. Legal pp 201002Z43506
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14031006
Vol. 15 (1): 67 - 74 pp, 2025
en inteligencia artificial para resolver conflictos
familiares
Elena Kirillova 1
, Valentin Tkachev2
, Olga Kovaleva 3
, Ruslan Telegin4
,
Aleksandr Timkin5
1
Universidad Estatal del Suroeste, Kursk, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: debryansk@mail.ru / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-901X.
2
Universidad Estatal del Suroeste, Kursk, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: valentin_t71@mail.ru / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8731-5035.
3
Universidad Estatal de Orenburgo, Orenburgo, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: radaurist@mail.ru / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-1946.
4
Universidad Estatal del Sudoeste, Kursk, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: gpkursk@yandex.ru /ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-9120.
5
Universidad Estatal del Suroeste, Kursk, Federación Rusa.
E-mail: timkin_a_a@mail.ru / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7179-4134.
Resumen. El rápido desarrollo de la tecnología permite integrar la inteligencia
artificial en la resolución previa de litigios entre cónyuges. La IA, sus ventajas e incon-
venientes y la necesidad de minimizar las consecuencias negativas de su uso han sido
objeto de intenso debate. El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio destinado a
desarrollar un sistema de principios para el uso de plataformas de mediación impulsadas
por IA en la resolución de disputas familiares. El objetivo principal es analizar las ventajas
e inconvenientes de dichas plataformas y elaborar principios para el uso eficaz de la IA
en la fase previa al juicio. El estudio se basa en el análisis de investigaciones seleccionadas
según criterios específicos y examinadas cuidadosamente mediante métodos de analogía
y comparación. Los resultados muestran las características clave de las plataformas im-
pulsadas por IA, incluidas ventajas como la rapidez, la eficacia, la accesibilidad y la obje-
tividad. Las desventajas incluyen la violación de la confidencialidad, el riesgo de errores y
la falta de flexibilidad y capacidad de respuesta emocional. Los principios para el uso de
la IA en la mediación incluyen el respeto de la legalidad, la objetividad, la transparencia,
la precisión, la fiabilidad, la protección de datos, el apoyo al aprendizaje y el desarrollo,
el control del usuario y el cumplimiento de las normas éticas.
Palabras clave: mediación, tecnologías digitales, inteligencia artificial, principios de utilización
de la inteligencia artificial, acuerdos, derechos, responsabilidades.
Recibido: 03/06/2024 ~ Aceptado: 10/10/2024
INTERACCIÓN Y PERSPECTIVA
Revista de Trabajo Social
ISSN 2244-808X ~ Dep. Legal pp 201002Z43506
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14031006
Vol. 15 (1): 67 - 74 pp, 2025
68 Kirillova, Tkachev, Kovaleva, Telegin, TimkinInteracción y Perspectiva. R evista de Trabajo S ocial V ol. 1 5 ( 1 ) : 2 0 2 5
Principles of using mediation platforms based on artificial
intelligence in resolving family disputes
Abstract. The rapid development of technology allows integrating artificial intel-
ligence into the pre-trial settlement of disputes between spouses. AI, its advantages
and disadvantages, and the need to minimize the negative consequences of its use have
been the subject of intense debate. The article presents the results of a study aimed at
developing a system of principles for using AI-powered mediation platforms to resolve
family disputes. The main objective is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of
such platforms and to develop principles for the effective use of AI at the pre-trial stage.
The study is based on the analysis of research selected according to specific criteria and
carefully examined using analogy and comparison methods. The results show the key
features of AI-powered platforms, including such advantages as speed, efficiency, ac-
cessibility, and objectivity. The disadvantages include a breach of confidentiality, risk
of errors, and lack of flexibility and emotional responsiveness. Principles for using AI
in mediation include respect for legality, objectivity, transparency, accuracy, reliability,
data protection, support for learning and development, user control, and compliance
with ethical standards.
Key words: mediation, digital technologies, artificial intelligence, principles of using artificial
intelligence, agreements, rights, responsibilities.
INTRODUCTION
Mediation platforms based on artificial intelligence (AI-powered platforms) are becoming a
popular tool and promising technological achievement in resolving family disputes. With the help
of AI-powered mediation platforms, it is possible to resolve conflicts extrajudicially, reach a com-
promise, and come to an agreement (Garcia, D., 2017). Mediation can be useful in resolving family
disputes as it helps the parties maintain the relationship and find a solution that is acceptable to
both of them. Mediation platforms using AI algorithms can optimize the mediation process, reduce
costs, and increase the efficiency of all stages of the parties’ reconciliation (Han et al., 2021). Such
platforms use intelligent chatbots in the form of virtual assistants that interact with spouses, help
analyze their problems, and come to an agreement. AI-based virtual assistants provide constant
feedback and help the parties reach an agreement without deviating from the chosen course of me-
diation (Collini et al., 2024).
AI-powered systems are capable of learning, gaining experience, processing natural language,
and recognizing patterns. Based on this, they can offer optimal solutions and predict the outcome of
agreements between the parties. However, the use of AI-powered platforms in mediation has certain
risks. To minimize them, it is necessary to develop principles for using AI in the pre-settlement of
family disputes. The topic of AI-driven mediation is controversial. Scholars highlight the main fea-
tures of the pre-trial consideration of family disputes using AI and offer various options for increas-
ing the efficiency of AI-powered platforms (Bezerra & Almeida, 2020). Therefore, further research
in this area is relevant and promising, as well as practice-oriented.
Principles of using mediation platforms based on artificial
intelligence in resolving family disputes
Abstract. The rapid development of technology allows integrating artificial intel-
ligence into the pre-trial settlement of disputes between spouses. AI, its advantages
and disadvantages, and the need to minimize the negative consequences of its use have
been the subject of intense debate. The article presents the results of a study aimed at
developing a system of principles for using AI-powered mediation platforms to resolve
family disputes. The main objective is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of
such platforms and to develop principles for the effective use of AI at the pre-trial stage.
The study is based on the analysis of research selected according to specific criteria and
carefully examined using analogy and comparison methods. The results show the key
features of AI-powered platforms, including such advantages as speed, efficiency, ac-
cessibility, and objectivity. The disadvantages include a breach of confidentiality, risk
of errors, and lack of flexibility and emotional responsiveness. Principles for using AI
in mediation include respect for legality, objectivity, transparency, accuracy, reliability,
data protection, support for learning and development, user control, and compliance
with ethical standards.
Key words: mediation, digital technologies, artificial intelligence, principles of using artificial
intelligence, agreements, rights, responsibilities.
INTRODUCTION
Mediation platforms based on artificial intelligence (AI-powered platforms) are becoming a
popular tool and promising technological achievement in resolving family disputes. With the help
of AI-powered mediation platforms, it is possible to resolve conflicts extrajudicially, reach a com-
promise, and come to an agreement (Garcia, D., 2017). Mediation can be useful in resolving family
disputes as it helps the parties maintain the relationship and find a solution that is acceptable to
both of them. Mediation platforms using AI algorithms can optimize the mediation process, reduce
costs, and increase the efficiency of all stages of the parties’ reconciliation (Han et al., 2021). Such
platforms use intelligent chatbots in the form of virtual assistants that interact with spouses, help
analyze their problems, and come to an agreement. AI-based virtual assistants provide constant
feedback and help the parties reach an agreement without deviating from the chosen course of me-
diation (Collini et al., 2024).
AI-powered systems are capable of learning, gaining experience, processing natural language,
and recognizing patterns. Based on this, they can offer optimal solutions and predict the outcome of
agreements between the parties. However, the use of AI-powered platforms in mediation has certain
risks. To minimize them, it is necessary to develop principles for using AI in the pre-settlement of
family disputes. The topic of AI-driven mediation is controversial. Scholars highlight the main fea-
tures of the pre-trial consideration of family disputes using AI and offer various options for increas-
ing the efficiency of AI-powered platforms (Bezerra & Almeida, 2020). Therefore, further research
in this area is relevant and promising, as well as practice-oriented.
Principios de uso de plataformas de mediación basadas en inteligencia artificial
para resolver conflictos familiares 69Vol. 15(1) enero-marzo 2025/ 67 - 74
LITERATURE REVIEW
Scholars consider using AI-powered mediation platforms to resolve disputes in family law.
According to experts, such platforms can optimize the mediation process and have the following
advantages:
– Speed and efficiency: using AI allows to speed up the mediation process since algorithms
can analyze large arrays of data and quickly provide solutions (Conley Tyler & McPherson, 2006;
Nasir et al., 2022);
– Objectivity: AI can be used to ensure objectivity and impartiality in the mediation process.
Unlike humans, machines are not subject to emotions and personal biases, which makes them ideal
arbiters (Jia & Stan, 2021; Martín-Núñez et al., 2023; Rainey & Tidwell, 2017; Leoni et al., 2022).
– Accessibility: AI-powered mediation platforms are accessible to all stakeholders, regardless
of their location or time of day. This allows for real-time mediation and significantly reduces costs
(Sela, 2018; Kumar & Kumar, 2021; Larson, 2010).
However, some scholars claim that the integration of AI-powered platforms into the media-
tion process for resolving family disputes may raise concerns. The main disadvantages of using AI-
powered platforms include:
– Breach of confidentiality: when processing personal data and information, a leak may occur.
It is necessary to ensure the protection of personal data from unauthorized access and misuse during
the mediation process (Nazir et al., 2023; Kafeza, 2021; Zeleznikow, 2021).
– Lack of flexibility: some situations may require the mediator to be flexible and able to adapt
to changing conditions. However, AI may not have such flexibility, especially if it is programmed for
a specific procedure (Cao et al., 2023; Chung, 2019).
– Risk of errors: Even though AI is becoming more accurate and reliable, there is still a risk of
errors and poor decisions. This can have negative consequences for the parties to the dispute (Garg,
2022; Ermakova & Frolova, 2021; Fabian, 2019).
According to experts, AI is not endowed with qualities that are inherent in humans, such as
emotionality (Frey & Osborne, 2013), empathy (Hirblinger, 2022), and the ability to show com-
passion (Alsamhan, 2023). These qualities in resolving family disputes are important for establish-
ing mutual understanding between the parties. Only people can comprehend non-verbal signals,
console, sympathize, and create a comfortable environment for communication. AI cannot react
emotionally to ongoing discussions. As a result, the parties may feel coldness and detachment, and
such a reaction can aggravate their conflict.
The study examines both the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-powered platforms in
resolving family disputes. It is also necessary to propose a system of principles that minimize the
risks of using such platforms in mediation.
The main objective of this study is to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-
powered mediation platforms in resolving family disputes and to propose a system of principles for
using AI in the pre-settlement of family conflicts.
para resolver conflictos familiares 69Vol. 15(1) enero-marzo 2025/ 67 - 74
LITERATURE REVIEW
Scholars consider using AI-powered mediation platforms to resolve disputes in family law.
According to experts, such platforms can optimize the mediation process and have the following
advantages:
– Speed and efficiency: using AI allows to speed up the mediation process since algorithms
can analyze large arrays of data and quickly provide solutions (Conley Tyler & McPherson, 2006;
Nasir et al., 2022);
– Objectivity: AI can be used to ensure objectivity and impartiality in the mediation process.
Unlike humans, machines are not subject to emotions and personal biases, which makes them ideal
arbiters (Jia & Stan, 2021; Martín-Núñez et al., 2023; Rainey & Tidwell, 2017; Leoni et al., 2022).
– Accessibility: AI-powered mediation platforms are accessible to all stakeholders, regardless
of their location or time of day. This allows for real-time mediation and significantly reduces costs
(Sela, 2018; Kumar & Kumar, 2021; Larson, 2010).
However, some scholars claim that the integration of AI-powered platforms into the media-
tion process for resolving family disputes may raise concerns. The main disadvantages of using AI-
powered platforms include:
– Breach of confidentiality: when processing personal data and information, a leak may occur.
It is necessary to ensure the protection of personal data from unauthorized access and misuse during
the mediation process (Nazir et al., 2023; Kafeza, 2021; Zeleznikow, 2021).
– Lack of flexibility: some situations may require the mediator to be flexible and able to adapt
to changing conditions. However, AI may not have such flexibility, especially if it is programmed for
a specific procedure (Cao et al., 2023; Chung, 2019).
– Risk of errors: Even though AI is becoming more accurate and reliable, there is still a risk of
errors and poor decisions. This can have negative consequences for the parties to the dispute (Garg,
2022; Ermakova & Frolova, 2021; Fabian, 2019).
According to experts, AI is not endowed with qualities that are inherent in humans, such as
emotionality (Frey & Osborne, 2013), empathy (Hirblinger, 2022), and the ability to show com-
passion (Alsamhan, 2023). These qualities in resolving family disputes are important for establish-
ing mutual understanding between the parties. Only people can comprehend non-verbal signals,
console, sympathize, and create a comfortable environment for communication. AI cannot react
emotionally to ongoing discussions. As a result, the parties may feel coldness and detachment, and
such a reaction can aggravate their conflict.
The study examines both the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-powered platforms in
resolving family disputes. It is also necessary to propose a system of principles that minimize the
risks of using such platforms in mediation.
The main objective of this study is to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-
powered mediation platforms in resolving family disputes and to propose a system of principles for
using AI in the pre-settlement of family conflicts.
70 Kirillova, Tkachev, Kovaleva, Telegin, TimkinInteracción y Perspectiva. R evista de Trabajo S ocial V ol. 1 5 ( 1 ) : 2 0 2 5
METHODS
To study using AI in the mediation of family disputes, we analyzed works by scholars that have
a significant impact on scientific trends in this area. Our study relied on a desk review and compara-
tive analysis. We selected research that contained the terms “AI in mediation” and “risks of its use”.
To collect data, we relied on the PRISMA standards and conducted a bibliographic search in
Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and official legal sites. Materials were selected based on the
following criteria:
1) The author has at least three publications on the topics of AI in mediation, AI-powered plat-
forms in mediation, resolving family disputes using AI, and risks of using AI in mediation
over the past 10 years;
2) There must be more than 50% of research on legal topics in the total number of publications
by the author;
3) The author’s profile must indicate that their publications are thematically related to legal
sciences;
4) The author’s scientific works must have been written between 2014 and 2024.
Using this approach, we initially selected more than 158 publications.
This was followed by filtering that included reading the full texts of the articles to identify the
most relevant ones. After careful sampling, 33 papers were selected.
Then we analyzed the selected works and, based on our analysis, formulated the principles of
using AI before the judicial settlement of family disputes and minimizing the associated risks.
RESULTS
The first attempts to use AI in dispute resolution were made back in the 1970s (Bains et al.,
2001). Today, AI is widely used in legal proceedings. In the UK, AI predicts a possible decision on
releasing suspects on bail. In the USA, it predicts the risk of crime-specific reoffending. In China, it
analyzes judicial precedents and predicts court decisions. In Western Europe, digital courts use AI
(Fanni et al., 2020). Mediation is a new area of AI application in resolving family disputes. Family
disputes have their specifics. However, their resolutions are standard and standardized, which allows
one to train and use AI-powered platforms to resolve family conflicts at the pre-trial stage. Training
is important for AI-powered platforms and includes the following aspects:
1) Using large amounts of data for training: for AI to learn and develop, it needs to use large
arrays of data, including legal precedents and agreements concluded between spouses.
2) Using machine learning and deep learning enables AI to automatically extract patterns and
dependencies from data, which makes it more accurate and efficient.
3) Integrating with other technologies: AI should be integrated with other technologies such as
sensors, robotics, and the Internet of Things to collect and analyze data in real time and im-
prove performance.
4) User feedback plays an important role in the training and development of AI. It allows systems
to learn from mistakes and improve their results.
METHODS
To study using AI in the mediation of family disputes, we analyzed works by scholars that have
a significant impact on scientific trends in this area. Our study relied on a desk review and compara-
tive analysis. We selected research that contained the terms “AI in mediation” and “risks of its use”.
To collect data, we relied on the PRISMA standards and conducted a bibliographic search in
Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and official legal sites. Materials were selected based on the
following criteria:
1) The author has at least three publications on the topics of AI in mediation, AI-powered plat-
forms in mediation, resolving family disputes using AI, and risks of using AI in mediation
over the past 10 years;
2) There must be more than 50% of research on legal topics in the total number of publications
by the author;
3) The author’s profile must indicate that their publications are thematically related to legal
sciences;
4) The author’s scientific works must have been written between 2014 and 2024.
Using this approach, we initially selected more than 158 publications.
This was followed by filtering that included reading the full texts of the articles to identify the
most relevant ones. After careful sampling, 33 papers were selected.
Then we analyzed the selected works and, based on our analysis, formulated the principles of
using AI before the judicial settlement of family disputes and minimizing the associated risks.
RESULTS
The first attempts to use AI in dispute resolution were made back in the 1970s (Bains et al.,
2001). Today, AI is widely used in legal proceedings. In the UK, AI predicts a possible decision on
releasing suspects on bail. In the USA, it predicts the risk of crime-specific reoffending. In China, it
analyzes judicial precedents and predicts court decisions. In Western Europe, digital courts use AI
(Fanni et al., 2020). Mediation is a new area of AI application in resolving family disputes. Family
disputes have their specifics. However, their resolutions are standard and standardized, which allows
one to train and use AI-powered platforms to resolve family conflicts at the pre-trial stage. Training
is important for AI-powered platforms and includes the following aspects:
1) Using large amounts of data for training: for AI to learn and develop, it needs to use large
arrays of data, including legal precedents and agreements concluded between spouses.
2) Using machine learning and deep learning enables AI to automatically extract patterns and
dependencies from data, which makes it more accurate and efficient.
3) Integrating with other technologies: AI should be integrated with other technologies such as
sensors, robotics, and the Internet of Things to collect and analyze data in real time and im-
prove performance.
4) User feedback plays an important role in the training and development of AI. It allows systems
to learn from mistakes and improve their results.
Principios de uso de plataformas de mediación basadas en inteligencia artificial
para resolver conflictos familiares 71Vol. 15(1) enero-marzo 2025/ 67 - 74
The principle of constant training and development of AI is fundamental. Without constant
training, AI-powered platforms cannot analyze new legislative acts and judicial precedents and make
appropriate decisions. AI must be trained on unbiased and representative data to avoid systematic
errors or biases. This includes collecting data from a variety of sources and considering different
opinions (Kirillova et al., 2023).
AI should strive for accurate predictions and correct decisions. It is important to have well-
structured and verified data and to use suitable algorithms and data processing methods. Thus, the
principle of accuracy and reliability must ensure that the rights and interests of the parties to the
dispute are respected.
According to o9ur analysis, the use of AI-powered platforms in mediation has several advan-
tages, including speed and efficiency (Conley Tyler & McPherson, 2006; Nasir et al., 2022; Birn-
baum, 2023) and objectivity (Jia & Stan, 2021; Martín-Núñez et al., 2017; Sela, 2018; Kumar &
Kumar, 2021; Larson, 2010). Agreeing with this opinion, we highlight objectivity among the main
advantages of AI since it eliminates controversial and erroneous decisions. The decisions made by AI
are based on objective data and facts rather than subjective opinions or preferences. Therefore, the
principle of objectivity is fundamental in the use of AI-powered platforms.
Concluding agreements between spouses is sensitive and requires much attention. Thus, it is
important to minimize the risk of making erroneous decisions, which is facilitated by the correct
configuration of AI-powered platforms. The principle of quality and safety plays an important
role in the functioning of AI (Rusakova et al., 2021). This principle allows for the effective use of
AI in mediation through AI certification and legislative enshrinement of mandatory technological
requirements for AI-powered platforms. To ensure that the rights of spouses are respected in resolv-
ing family disputes, governments and regulators must develop and implement laws and standards
that guarantee data security and privacy and protect user rights.
DISCUSSION
In addition to the advantages of using AI-powered platforms when resolving family disputes,
experts identify certain disadvantages, including the lack of flexibility (Cao et al., 2023; Chung,
2019), a breach of confidentiality (Nazir et al., 2023; Kafeza, 2021; Zeleznikow, 2021), the risk
of errors (Garg, 2022; Ermakova & Frolova, 2021; Fabian, 2019), and the lack of emotional reac-
tions (Frey & Osborne, 2013; Hirblinger, 2022, Alsamhan, 2023). Considering these risks of using
AI-powered platforms, using AI in resolving family conflicts should be based on ethical principles,
such as respect for human rights, non-discrimination, and fairness (Cole & Blankley, 2006).
To minimize the risk of personal data leakage, it is necessary to follow the principle of data
protection when using AI in mediation. Information used to train and operate AI must be protected
from misuse and leakage.
In addition to these risks, AI-powered mediation platforms should be introduced into the legal
field; therefore, the possibility of using AI in mediation processes should be established in legal acts.
At the moment, experts note the lack of legislative regulation of AI-powered platforms both at the
judicial and pre-trial stages (Zhang et al., 2021). The next principle of using AI-powered platforms
in mediation follows from the principle of legality. In legal proceedings, AI must be used in accor-
dance with the law and must not violate citizens’ rights and freedoms.
para resolver conflictos familiares 71Vol. 15(1) enero-marzo 2025/ 67 - 74
The principle of constant training and development of AI is fundamental. Without constant
training, AI-powered platforms cannot analyze new legislative acts and judicial precedents and make
appropriate decisions. AI must be trained on unbiased and representative data to avoid systematic
errors or biases. This includes collecting data from a variety of sources and considering different
opinions (Kirillova et al., 2023).
AI should strive for accurate predictions and correct decisions. It is important to have well-
structured and verified data and to use suitable algorithms and data processing methods. Thus, the
principle of accuracy and reliability must ensure that the rights and interests of the parties to the
dispute are respected.
According to o9ur analysis, the use of AI-powered platforms in mediation has several advan-
tages, including speed and efficiency (Conley Tyler & McPherson, 2006; Nasir et al., 2022; Birn-
baum, 2023) and objectivity (Jia & Stan, 2021; Martín-Núñez et al., 2017; Sela, 2018; Kumar &
Kumar, 2021; Larson, 2010). Agreeing with this opinion, we highlight objectivity among the main
advantages of AI since it eliminates controversial and erroneous decisions. The decisions made by AI
are based on objective data and facts rather than subjective opinions or preferences. Therefore, the
principle of objectivity is fundamental in the use of AI-powered platforms.
Concluding agreements between spouses is sensitive and requires much attention. Thus, it is
important to minimize the risk of making erroneous decisions, which is facilitated by the correct
configuration of AI-powered platforms. The principle of quality and safety plays an important
role in the functioning of AI (Rusakova et al., 2021). This principle allows for the effective use of
AI in mediation through AI certification and legislative enshrinement of mandatory technological
requirements for AI-powered platforms. To ensure that the rights of spouses are respected in resolv-
ing family disputes, governments and regulators must develop and implement laws and standards
that guarantee data security and privacy and protect user rights.
DISCUSSION
In addition to the advantages of using AI-powered platforms when resolving family disputes,
experts identify certain disadvantages, including the lack of flexibility (Cao et al., 2023; Chung,
2019), a breach of confidentiality (Nazir et al., 2023; Kafeza, 2021; Zeleznikow, 2021), the risk
of errors (Garg, 2022; Ermakova & Frolova, 2021; Fabian, 2019), and the lack of emotional reac-
tions (Frey & Osborne, 2013; Hirblinger, 2022, Alsamhan, 2023). Considering these risks of using
AI-powered platforms, using AI in resolving family conflicts should be based on ethical principles,
such as respect for human rights, non-discrimination, and fairness (Cole & Blankley, 2006).
To minimize the risk of personal data leakage, it is necessary to follow the principle of data
protection when using AI in mediation. Information used to train and operate AI must be protected
from misuse and leakage.
In addition to these risks, AI-powered mediation platforms should be introduced into the legal
field; therefore, the possibility of using AI in mediation processes should be established in legal acts.
At the moment, experts note the lack of legislative regulation of AI-powered platforms both at the
judicial and pre-trial stages (Zhang et al., 2021). The next principle of using AI-powered platforms
in mediation follows from the principle of legality. In legal proceedings, AI must be used in accor-
dance with the law and must not violate citizens’ rights and freedoms.
72 Kirillova, Tkachev, Kovaleva, Telegin, TimkinInteracción y Perspectiva. R evista de Trabajo S ocial V ol. 1 5 ( 1 ) : 2 0 2 5
Integrating AI-powered platforms into the mediation process raises new concerns about re-
sponsibility and accountability. Traditionally, the mediator is responsible for their actions. However,
it is unclear who is responsible for the decisions and recommendations generated by AI (Xu et al.,
2023). The principle of user control allows the mediator, when resolving family disputes, to obtain
the data used by AI to make a solution and influence the decisions made by AI.
The practice of mediation using AI-powered platforms should rely on the principles of trans-
parency and objectivity. The principle of transparency in using AI is that users should have access
to information about how the system works, what data is used to train it, and what decisions it
makes. This helps users understand why the system makes certain decisions and how they can be
changed or improved. Transparency can also help reduce mistrust in the system and improve its
overall effectiveness.
The principle of objectivity in using AI is the desire to create AI-based systems that are free
from bias and can make decisions based on facts and data, without the influence of personal pref-
erences or prejudices. AI-powered platforms must be designed in such a way so that they do not
discriminate against users based on their gender, race, age, nationality, religion, sexual orientation,
and other factors (Morhat, P.M., 2019). AI should ensure objective and fair agreements between
conflicting parties and not bias or manipulate data. Therefore, the principle of objectivity of AI-
powered platforms in mediation is fundamental and mandatory.
CONCLUSION
Based on our results, we highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-powered
platforms in mediation. It was proven that the use of such platforms in resolving family disputes
should be based on the following principles:
– The principle of legality;
– The principle of objectivity;
– The principle of transparency;
– The principle of accuracy and reliability;
– The principle of user control;
– The principle of data protection;
– The principle of continuous learning and development;
– Ethical principles.
The study is limited by its sample size. We initially used 158 scientific works, including mono-
graphs, reports, and statistics. After careful consideration, 33 works were selected that described
the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-powered mediation platforms in resolving family
disputes. The obtained data allowed us to formulate a system of principles for using AI in resolving
conflicts between spouses at the pre-trial stage.
Further research on AI-powered platforms in mediation needs to consider a system of measures
that minimize the risks of using AI in resolving family disputes at the pre-trial stage.
Integrating AI-powered platforms into the mediation process raises new concerns about re-
sponsibility and accountability. Traditionally, the mediator is responsible for their actions. However,
it is unclear who is responsible for the decisions and recommendations generated by AI (Xu et al.,
2023). The principle of user control allows the mediator, when resolving family disputes, to obtain
the data used by AI to make a solution and influence the decisions made by AI.
The practice of mediation using AI-powered platforms should rely on the principles of trans-
parency and objectivity. The principle of transparency in using AI is that users should have access
to information about how the system works, what data is used to train it, and what decisions it
makes. This helps users understand why the system makes certain decisions and how they can be
changed or improved. Transparency can also help reduce mistrust in the system and improve its
overall effectiveness.
The principle of objectivity in using AI is the desire to create AI-based systems that are free
from bias and can make decisions based on facts and data, without the influence of personal pref-
erences or prejudices. AI-powered platforms must be designed in such a way so that they do not
discriminate against users based on their gender, race, age, nationality, religion, sexual orientation,
and other factors (Morhat, P.M., 2019). AI should ensure objective and fair agreements between
conflicting parties and not bias or manipulate data. Therefore, the principle of objectivity of AI-
powered platforms in mediation is fundamental and mandatory.
CONCLUSION
Based on our results, we highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-powered
platforms in mediation. It was proven that the use of such platforms in resolving family disputes
should be based on the following principles:
– The principle of legality;
– The principle of objectivity;
– The principle of transparency;
– The principle of accuracy and reliability;
– The principle of user control;
– The principle of data protection;
– The principle of continuous learning and development;
– Ethical principles.
The study is limited by its sample size. We initially used 158 scientific works, including mono-
graphs, reports, and statistics. After careful consideration, 33 works were selected that described
the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-powered mediation platforms in resolving family
disputes. The obtained data allowed us to formulate a system of principles for using AI in resolving
conflicts between spouses at the pre-trial stage.
Further research on AI-powered platforms in mediation needs to consider a system of measures
that minimize the risks of using AI in resolving family disputes at the pre-trial stage.
Principios de uso de plataformas de mediación basadas en inteligencia artificial
para resolver conflictos familiares 73Vol. 15(1) enero-marzo 2025/ 67 - 74
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
• Alsamhan, E. (2023). AI and online dispute resolution: mediation. Journal of Scientific De-
velopment for Studies and Research (JSD), 4(13), 283-300.
• Bains, G., Andrade, K., & Gallant, M. M. (2001). The potential for mediating disputes
online. Cfcj-fcjc.org.
• Bezerra, A. C., & Almeida, M. A. (2020). Rage against the machine learning: a critical ap-
proach to the algorithmic mediation of information. Brazilian Journal of Information Sci-
ence, 14(2), 6-23.
• Birnbaum, R. (2023). Private-based Mediation in Family Disputes: Mediator and Client Ex-
periences in Ontario. Canadian Family Law Quarterly, 42(2), 131-161.
• Cao, N., Cheung, S. O., & Li, K. (2023). Perceptive Biases in Construction Mediation: Evi-
dence and Application of Artificial Intelligence. Buildings, 13(10), 2460.
• Chung, Y. (2019). Artificial intelligence and the virtual multi-door ODR platform for small
value cross-border e-commerce disputes. J. Arb. Stud., 29, 99.
• Cole, S. R., & Blankley, K. M. (2006). Online mediation: Where we have been, where we
are now, and where we should be. U. Tol. L. Rev., 38, 193.
• Collini, E., Nesi, P., Raffaelli, C., & Scandiffio, F. (2024). Explainable Artificial Intelligence
for Agile Mediation Propensity Assessment. IEEE Access.
• Conley Tyler, M. H., & McPherson, M. W. (2006). Online dispute resolution and family dis-
putes. Journal of family studies, 12(2), 165-183.
• Ermakova, E. P., & Frolova, E. E. (2021). Using artificial intelligence in dispute resolution.
In Smart technologies for the digitization of industry: Entrepreneurial environment (pp. 131-
142). Springer Singapore.
• Fabian, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence as a mediator? Law in the digital age, 51.
• Fanni, R., Steinkogler, V. E., Zampedri, G., & Pierson, J. (2020, September). Active Human
Agency in Artificial Intelligence Mediation. In Proceedings of the 6th EAI International
Conference on Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good (pp. 84-89).
• Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2013). The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs
to computerization. Oxford: Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, p. 28.
• Garcia, D. (2017). Preparing for Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession. Lexis Prac-
tice Advisor Journal.
• Garg, M. J. (2022). AI and Mediation: A Threat or Helpful Tool for Mediators-An Indian
Perspective. Jus Corpus LJ, 3, 175.
• Han, T. A., Pereira, L. M., Lenaerts, T., & Santos, F. C. (2021). Mediating artificial intel-
ligence developments through negative and positive incentives. PLoS one, 16(1), e0244592.
• Hirblinger, A. T. (2022). When mediators need machines (and vice versa): Towards a research
agenda on hybrid peacemaking intelligence. International Negotiation, 28(1), 94-125.
• Jia, P., & Stan, C. (2021). Artificial intelligence factory, data risk, and VCs’ mediation: The
case of ByteDance, an AI-powered startup. Journal of Risk and Financial Management,
14(5), 203.
• Kafeza, I. (2021, January). An intelligent mediation platform for smart contracts in block-
chain. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol. 3052).
• Kirillova, E., Otcheskiy, I., Ivanova, S., Karlibaeva, R., & Sekerin, V. (2023). Developing
Methods for Assessing the Introduction of Smart Technologies into the Socio-Economic
para resolver conflictos familiares 73Vol. 15(1) enero-marzo 2025/ 67 - 74
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
• Alsamhan, E. (2023). AI and online dispute resolution: mediation. Journal of Scientific De-
velopment for Studies and Research (JSD), 4(13), 283-300.
• Bains, G., Andrade, K., & Gallant, M. M. (2001). The potential for mediating disputes
online. Cfcj-fcjc.org.
• Bezerra, A. C., & Almeida, M. A. (2020). Rage against the machine learning: a critical ap-
proach to the algorithmic mediation of information. Brazilian Journal of Information Sci-
ence, 14(2), 6-23.
• Birnbaum, R. (2023). Private-based Mediation in Family Disputes: Mediator and Client Ex-
periences in Ontario. Canadian Family Law Quarterly, 42(2), 131-161.
• Cao, N., Cheung, S. O., & Li, K. (2023). Perceptive Biases in Construction Mediation: Evi-
dence and Application of Artificial Intelligence. Buildings, 13(10), 2460.
• Chung, Y. (2019). Artificial intelligence and the virtual multi-door ODR platform for small
value cross-border e-commerce disputes. J. Arb. Stud., 29, 99.
• Cole, S. R., & Blankley, K. M. (2006). Online mediation: Where we have been, where we
are now, and where we should be. U. Tol. L. Rev., 38, 193.
• Collini, E., Nesi, P., Raffaelli, C., & Scandiffio, F. (2024). Explainable Artificial Intelligence
for Agile Mediation Propensity Assessment. IEEE Access.
• Conley Tyler, M. H., & McPherson, M. W. (2006). Online dispute resolution and family dis-
putes. Journal of family studies, 12(2), 165-183.
• Ermakova, E. P., & Frolova, E. E. (2021). Using artificial intelligence in dispute resolution.
In Smart technologies for the digitization of industry: Entrepreneurial environment (pp. 131-
142). Springer Singapore.
• Fabian, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence as a mediator? Law in the digital age, 51.
• Fanni, R., Steinkogler, V. E., Zampedri, G., & Pierson, J. (2020, September). Active Human
Agency in Artificial Intelligence Mediation. In Proceedings of the 6th EAI International
Conference on Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good (pp. 84-89).
• Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2013). The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs
to computerization. Oxford: Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, p. 28.
• Garcia, D. (2017). Preparing for Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession. Lexis Prac-
tice Advisor Journal.
• Garg, M. J. (2022). AI and Mediation: A Threat or Helpful Tool for Mediators-An Indian
Perspective. Jus Corpus LJ, 3, 175.
• Han, T. A., Pereira, L. M., Lenaerts, T., & Santos, F. C. (2021). Mediating artificial intel-
ligence developments through negative and positive incentives. PLoS one, 16(1), e0244592.
• Hirblinger, A. T. (2022). When mediators need machines (and vice versa): Towards a research
agenda on hybrid peacemaking intelligence. International Negotiation, 28(1), 94-125.
• Jia, P., & Stan, C. (2021). Artificial intelligence factory, data risk, and VCs’ mediation: The
case of ByteDance, an AI-powered startup. Journal of Risk and Financial Management,
14(5), 203.
• Kafeza, I. (2021, January). An intelligent mediation platform for smart contracts in block-
chain. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol. 3052).
• Kirillova, E., Otcheskiy, I., Ivanova, S., Karlibaeva, R., & Sekerin, V. (2023). Developing
Methods for Assessing the Introduction of Smart Technologies into the Socio-Economic
74 Kirillova, Tkachev, Kovaleva, Telegin, TimkinInteracción y Perspectiva. R evista de Trabajo S ocial V ol. 1 5 ( 1 ) : 2 0 2 5
Sphere Within the Framework of Open Innovation. International Journal of Sustainable
Development and Planning, 18(3), 693-702.
• Kumar, S., & Kumar, H. (2021). Mediation and Artificial Intelligence: Future of Dispute
Resolution. Int’l JL Mgmt. & Human., 4(4), 1472-1479.
• Larson, D. A. (2010). Artificial Intelligence: Robots, avatars, and the demise of the human
mediator. Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol., 25, 105.
• Leoni, L., Ardolino, M., El Baz, J., Gueli, G., & Bacchetti, A. (2022). The mediating role of
knowledge management processes in the effective use of artificial intelligence in manufacturing
firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 42(13), 411-437.
• Martín-Núñez, J. L., Ar, A. Y., Fernández, R. P., Abbas, A., & Radovanović, D. (2023). Does
intrinsic motivation mediate perceived artificial intelligence (AI) learning and computational
thinking of students during the COVID-19 pandemic? Computers and Education: Artificial
Intelligence, 4, 100128.
• Morhat, P. M. (2019). The use of artificial intelligence in the judicial proceedings. Vestnik
grazhdanskogo processa, 3, 61-85.
• Nasir, N. F. M., Zainol, Z. A., Suhor, S., & Said, M. H. M. (2022). Mediation and online
mediation in family disputes in Malaysia: a comparative study. International Journal of Busi-
ness and Globalization, 30(3-4), 303-314.
• Nazir, S., Khadim, S., Asadullah, M. A., & Syed, N. (2023). Exploring the influence of artifi-
cial intelligence technology on consumer repurchase intention: The mediation and moderation
approach. Technology in Society, 72, 102190.
• Rainey, D., & Tidwell, A. (2017). Online technology: The new frontier for mediation and
conflict engagement. In The Mediation Handbook (pp. 20-28). Routledge.
• Rusakova, E. P., Frolova, E. E., & Inshakova, A. O. (2021). The procedure of mediation in
the age of industry 4.0. In Modern Global Economic System: Evolutional Development
vs. Revolutionary Leap (pp. 947-953). Springer International Publishing.
• Sela, A. (2018). Can computers be fair: How automated and human-powered online dispute
resolution affect procedural justice in mediation and arbitration. Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol.,
33, 91.
• Xu, G., Xue, M., & Zhao, J. (2023). The Relationship of Artificial Intelligence Opportunity
Perception and Employee Workplace Well-Being: A Moderated Mediation Model. Interna-
tional Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1974.
• Zeleznikow, J. (2021). Using artificial intelligence to provide intelligent dispute resolution
support. Group Decision and Negotiation, 30(4), 789-812.
• Zhang, S., Meng, Z., Chen, B., Yang, X., & Zhao, X. (2021). Motivation, social emotion,
and the acceptance of artificial intelligence virtual assistants—Trust-based mediating effects.
Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 728495.
Sphere Within the Framework of Open Innovation. International Journal of Sustainable
Development and Planning, 18(3), 693-702.
• Kumar, S., & Kumar, H. (2021). Mediation and Artificial Intelligence: Future of Dispute
Resolution. Int’l JL Mgmt. & Human., 4(4), 1472-1479.
• Larson, D. A. (2010). Artificial Intelligence: Robots, avatars, and the demise of the human
mediator. Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol., 25, 105.
• Leoni, L., Ardolino, M., El Baz, J., Gueli, G., & Bacchetti, A. (2022). The mediating role of
knowledge management processes in the effective use of artificial intelligence in manufacturing
firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 42(13), 411-437.
• Martín-Núñez, J. L., Ar, A. Y., Fernández, R. P., Abbas, A., & Radovanović, D. (2023). Does
intrinsic motivation mediate perceived artificial intelligence (AI) learning and computational
thinking of students during the COVID-19 pandemic? Computers and Education: Artificial
Intelligence, 4, 100128.
• Morhat, P. M. (2019). The use of artificial intelligence in the judicial proceedings. Vestnik
grazhdanskogo processa, 3, 61-85.
• Nasir, N. F. M., Zainol, Z. A., Suhor, S., & Said, M. H. M. (2022). Mediation and online
mediation in family disputes in Malaysia: a comparative study. International Journal of Busi-
ness and Globalization, 30(3-4), 303-314.
• Nazir, S., Khadim, S., Asadullah, M. A., & Syed, N. (2023). Exploring the influence of artifi-
cial intelligence technology on consumer repurchase intention: The mediation and moderation
approach. Technology in Society, 72, 102190.
• Rainey, D., & Tidwell, A. (2017). Online technology: The new frontier for mediation and
conflict engagement. In The Mediation Handbook (pp. 20-28). Routledge.
• Rusakova, E. P., Frolova, E. E., & Inshakova, A. O. (2021). The procedure of mediation in
the age of industry 4.0. In Modern Global Economic System: Evolutional Development
vs. Revolutionary Leap (pp. 947-953). Springer International Publishing.
• Sela, A. (2018). Can computers be fair: How automated and human-powered online dispute
resolution affect procedural justice in mediation and arbitration. Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol.,
33, 91.
• Xu, G., Xue, M., & Zhao, J. (2023). The Relationship of Artificial Intelligence Opportunity
Perception and Employee Workplace Well-Being: A Moderated Mediation Model. Interna-
tional Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1974.
• Zeleznikow, J. (2021). Using artificial intelligence to provide intelligent dispute resolution
support. Group Decision and Negotiation, 30(4), 789-812.
• Zhang, S., Meng, Z., Chen, B., Yang, X., & Zhao, X. (2021). Motivation, social emotion,
and the acceptance of artificial intelligence virtual assistants—Trust-based mediating effects.
Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 728495.