Revista
de la
Universidad
del Zulia
Fundada en 1947
por el Dr. Jesús Enrique Lossada
DEPÓSITO LEGAL ZU2020000153
ISSN 0041-8811
E-ISSN 2665-0428
Ciencias del
Agro
Ingeniería
y Tecnología
Año 12 N° 32
Enero - Abril 2021
Tercera Época
Maracaibo-Venezuela
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Legal technologies as instruments of civil aviation safety
improvement in conditions of the fight against COVID-2019
Oksana Myronets *
Viktor Olefir **
Ivan Golosnichenko ***
Yuriy Pyvovar ****
ABSTRACT
Purpose of the paper is to determine current issues and prospective directions of the legal
technologies’ use for civil aviation safety improvement and future development under
modern COVID-2019, post-pandemic challenges and conditions of the new world’s order. By
using the dialectical method, the current conceptual framework and issues of the legal
technologies as instruments of civil aviation safety improvement have been formulated. The
formal-dogmatic method contributed to the development of the authors’ explanation of the
current state, issues, challenges, and practical role of the legal technologies for the further
improvement of civil aviation safety under the fight against COVID-2019. In the paper
modern challenges to the legal technologies’ use for civil aviation safety improvement in
pandemic and post-pandemic conditions have been analyzed. Prospects of the legal
technologies’ effective implementation for the future civil aviation safety improvement in
conditions of pandemic, post-pandemic and new world’s order have been suggested.
KEYWORDS: civil aviation; safety; pandemics; legislation; technological change.
*Ph.D. in Law, Associate Professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law Department, Law
Faculty, National Aviation University, 1 Liubomyr Huzar Avenue, Kyiv, 03058, Ukraine, ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-2384. E-mail: myronetsoxi@i.ua
**D.Sc. in Law, Professor, National Academy of Law of Ukraine, 70 Pushkinskaya Street, 61024,
Kharkiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-64-32-8537. E-mail: viktorolefir@i.ua
***D.Sc. in Law, Professor, Kyiv Institute of Intellectual property and right, National University
“Odesa Law Academy”, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2069-4372. E-mail:
golosnichenkopantelei@i.ua
****Professor, Ph.D. in Law, Head of Constitutional and Administrative Law Department, Law
Faculty, National Aviation University, 1 Liubomyr Huzar Avenue, Kyiv, 03058, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8258-7930 Scopus ID: 57203992023; Web of Science ID: O-4973-2016
*Corresponding author: E-mail: pyvovaryi@gmail.com
Recibido: 13/10/2020 Aceptado: 07/12/2020
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Tecnologías legales como instrumentos para la mejora de la
seguridad de la aviación civil en las condiciones de la lucha contra
COVID-2019
RESUMEN
El propósito del artículo es determinar los problemas actuales y las direcciones prospectivas
del uso de las tecnologías legales para la mejora de la seguridad en la aviación civil, el
desarrollo futuro bajo el COVID-2019, los desafíos posteriores a la pandemia y las condiciones
del nuevo orden mundial. Utilizando el método dialéctico, se han formulado el marco
conceptual actual y las cuestiones de las tecnologías legales como instrumentos de mejora de
la seguridad operacional de la aviación civil. El método formal-dogmático contribuyó al
desarrollo de la explicación de los autores sobre el estado actual, los problemas, los desafíos
y el papel práctico de las tecnologías legales para la mejora adicional en la seguridad de la
aviación civil en la lucha contra el COVID-2019. En el artículo se analizan los desafíos
modernos al uso de tecnologías legales para mejorar la seguridad de la aviación civil en
condiciones pandémicas y pospandémicas. Se han sugerido perspectivas de implementación
efectiva de las tecnologías legales para la futura mejora de la seguridad de la aviación civil en
condiciones de pandemia, pospandemia y el nuevo orden mundial.
PALABRAS CLAVE: aviación civil; la seguridad; pandemias; legislación; cambio tecnológico.
Introduction
Safety is an ordinary requirement for every type of social activity, including
commercial in different spheres of economy. Without any doubts, the civil aviation industry
is one the most developed and fast field where the issue of safe existence and functioning is
not just a theoretical category for the scientific investigations, but a practical need that is
discussed and supported by all aviation countries of the world under the attentive
participation and even supervision of international organizations. Due to this fact, the
progressive development of aviation in this or that territorially separated state is always
made just in accordance with direct and strong world aviation policy that has the prevailing
position in relation to the national aviation policy of such a country. The key moment in this
belong and will be always connected with the urgent and constant need of the whole aviation
community in safe air transportations because consequences in case of airplanes crash can
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never be limited by official decisions of national public officers if they have their dangerous
and destructive influence on the territory of several states.
In the civil aviation industry safety is considered as non-negotiable assets that need
to be put on top of the list (Hasmin et al., 2017). Safety in civil aviation is an intransitive issue
for every aviation state and aviation community as a whole to satisfy the needs of its
commercial use, protect its participants and so-called third people from any related danger.
The status of being intransitive for the category “aviation safety” is based on internationally
accepted attitude to the requirement of as more as practically possible rapid aviation
adaptation to hazards of any nature.
Globally, civil aviation has been marked by two general trends: increasing traffic
volume and an improving safety record (Pramono et al., 2020).
Nowadays, we may notice a bright example of such a complicated challenge for the
whole aviation industry that is represented by pandemic conditions and negative
consequences connected with them.
This is a challenge as while commercial air transport operations lend themselves well
to high levels of regulation, they cannot be translated literally to healthcare, with its
associated unknowns and variables (Hardie & Brennan, 2020). The world’s community
suggested different measures to stabilize the situation and ensure the possibility for its
further differently directed development. The nature of the mentioned proposals is
characterized by the variety of their content and essence. In general, all of them being
technically, legally, economically and so on oriented may be determined as specific
technologies that are used strategically for the future of the world’s civil aviation in pandemic
and even post pandemic conditions of its development.
Among them, it is relevant to distinguish legal means as technologies of national and
international levels that are to provide civil aviation safety under the official control of
national governments and international organizations in the field of aviation transport.
The COVID-19 threat provides critical legal scholarship with a unique opportunity,
despite all of the current and future uncertainties and speculations, to move far beyond the
mainstream understanding of the economic constitution and private law (Micklitz, 2020).
Thus, the purpose of the article is to determine current issues and prospective of the
legal technologies use to improve civil aviation safety under the fight against COVID-2019
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and in post pandemic conditions. To achieve this aim it is needed to perform the following
tasks: 1) to consider theoretical-legal fundamentals of the legal technologies and their
practical role in civil aviation safety improvement; 2) to analyze the current state, issues and
challenges to the legal technologies for the civil aviation safety in pandemic conditions; 3) to
investigate particularities and suggest prospects of the legal technologies use in the civil
aviation safety further improvement and development in post pandemic reality.
The mentioned tasks are to investigate a subject of the article that is legal technologies
as instruments of civil aviation safety improvement in modern conditions of the fights against
COVID-2019 taking into account the legally regulated relations in the sphere of civil aviation
safety implementation that is an object of the paper.
1. Methods
To achieve the aim of the article, general-scientific and special-legal methods of
cognition have been applied.
By using the dialectical method, the current conceptual framework and issues of the
legal technologies as instruments of civil aviation safety improvement have been formulated.
The formal-dogmatic method contributed to the development of the authors’
explanation of the current state, issues, challenges, and practical role of the legal technologies
for the further development and improvement of civil aviation safety under the fight against
COVID-2019.
The formal-legal method gave the opportunity to suggest the directions and kinds of
legal technologies use as the prospects for the improvement of civil aviation safety in modern
pandemic and post pandemic conditions.
2. Results
Investigating a concept of legal technologies, we have to result that in conditions of
pandemic and post pandemic reality they may be effectively used by national governments
and involved international organizations as practically constructive instruments of the
development and improvement of civil aviation safety that describes their essential role in
current and future aviation policy for the whole aviation community’s existence and
functioning.
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Among currents challenges to legal technologies effective use to ensure the
improvement of civil aviation safety in pandemic conditions we have to mention not just
outside negative COVID-2019 influence, but also inside technical non-readiness, political
non-coordination, economic non-willingness of civil aviation system administration by use
of appropriate legal technologies as the platform for peoples’ protection in conditions of the
commercial income decrease as an objective and logically acceptable need.
Thus, we suggested to understand and use the legal technologies as the regulatory-
protective basis for the modern aviation safety policy formation that has to be represented
by the safety improvement in relation to 1) airports and their personnel activity; 2) aircraft
functioning and their personnel activity; 3) transportation of passengers, their luggage with
the taking of special attention to animals, and cargo by air. The measures that are suggested
by the modern legal technologies may be divided into social-self-preventive, ideological-
educative and technical ones.
The whole civil aviation community’s adequate reaction on and appropriate
acceptance of the suggested directions for the aviation industry safety improvement creates
a required fundament for its future existence and effective functioning in modern post
pandemic reality under the rapid cyber technologies development involving cyber humans
further participation as a part of aviation personnel and consumers of aviation services under
the new world’s order.
3. Discussion
3.1. Fundamentals of legal technologies and their practical influence on civil
aviation safety improvement in the COVID-2019 conditions
Among the composite parts of civil aviation safety legal component takes a specific
place due to its generally significant role for the whole system of safety in the sphere of
commercial air transport.
At the same time, the contents and essence of the mentioned legally oriented part as a
legal technology to be used for the improvement of current state and response to present
challenges for the world’s aviation in pandemic times is not investigated fully. Thus, this gape
requires its filling to resolve a significant scientific task of today’s reality that is stabilization
and improvement of civil aviation safety by any possible means, including legal, for the
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further effective functioning and development of civil aviation under the fight against
COVID-2019 and in post pandemic conditions.
To our point of view, the practically useful influence of legal technologies in general
and on the state of civil aviation safety, in particular, is directly connected with the deep
theoretical understanding of their nature. Under the urgent need to ensure the stabilization
of the currents situation in the field of safe transportations by air under the world’s
pandemic, science has to pay its attention to the phenomena of the mentioned technologies
to find the directions of their most productive and useful implementation in modern
conditions of the whole mankind response on global socially transformed challenges.
3.1.1. Conceptual understanding of legal technologies in legal regulation and
protection of social relations to ensure civil aviation safety
Regulation and protection of social relations by the means of legal nature is made by
a system of special generally accepted regulators of such relations acceptable for this or that
country according to their differently oriented development.
States’ evolution is a complicated phenomenon that is based on political-economic,
historical, social-cultures and within the last component traditional-religious conditions and
peculiarities of their origin. In most secular countries officially adopted rules by state bodies
with legislative plenary power are the socially accepted regulators of differently natured legal
relations and further development of such states. Thus, the mentioned norms are understood
as specific and appropriate instruments for a certain state on a definite stage of its existence
according to the outside and inside conditions of its own development. The prevailing role
in such a process is plaid by the state’s rules that provide regulative and protective policy in
different branches of the state’s and its people's activity. In our point of view, the value of
these norms in their practical ability to be specific technologies of legal nature that are
effectively used by modern state power in the providing of modern public administration for
the improvement and stable development of their countries.
Being juridically acceptable, the concept of legal technologies is still new for legal
science. On the one hand, norms of law as regulators of social relations are known for this
part of scientific cognition. On the other hand, we insist that in conditions of modern global
reality under social transformations and the world’s fight against COVID-2019 directly the
term “legal technologies” describes the essence of such regulators of modern nature under
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recent complicated conditions and expresses the contemporary significance of their
constructive influence on modern societies.
Thus, to according to our position, a concept of legal technologies in pandemic and
post pandemic times may be understood as regulatory-protective instruments that are used
by national governments and involved international organizations for the development and
improvement of civil aviation safety and providing the appropriate aviation policy under the
requirements and needs of reality.
3.1.2. Role and significance of legal technologies in the system of civil aviation
safety ensuring
Identification of any phenomenon role may be understood just by its comparing with
similar phenomena and according to an approach of their interconnection and vision them as
existing in a common system. Thus, it is needed to analyze a system of civil aviation safety to
estimate the role of legal technologies for such a system and its efficient functioning
especially in non-ordinary pandemic and post pandemic reality.
For instance, according to the item 20 of the part 1 of the article 1of the Air Code of
Ukraine, aviation safety is the state of the civil aviation industry, where the risk of causing
damage to people or property is reduced to an acceptable level as a result of a continuous
process of determining and controlling the level of danger and maintained at that level, or
decreases further, in the areas of flight safety, aviation security, environmental safety,
economic security and informational safety (2011). Taking into account the mentioned above,
the direct structure of aviation safety is represented in the part 1 of the article 10 of the Air
Code of Ukraine by the formulation that it consists of flight safety, aviation security,
environmental safety, economic safety and informational safety (2011).
Thus, legal technologies are not determined directly as an integral part of safety in the
sphere of civil aviation. At the same time, under strict analysis it is possible to make a
conclusion that the mentioned technologies are not just indissolubly part of civil aviation
safety, but they determine the level of safety in all integral components of its whole structure.
More else, legal technologies play such a significant role on the level of a separate country
and on the level of the whole aviation world.
We mean that effective and appropriate regulative-protective measures provided by
aviation states and organizations in the sphere of civil aviation such as, for example,
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International Civil Aviation Organization, in conditions of the fight against COVID-2019 and
for the further post pandemic reality determine the appropriate and practically needed
directions to improve flight safety, aviation security, environmental safety, economic safety,
informational safety separately, and, thus, aviation safety in general. Nowadays, national and
international legal technologies are the local and world's instruments for the gradually
accepted but systematic influence and control for the civil aviation safety improvement in
pandemic and post pandemic conditions.
The idealistic aspiration of zero accidents, albeit statistically unachievable, keeps
everyone in the aviation profession focused on building an increasingly safe aviation system
(Balcerzak, 2017). We think that only legal technologies under the pandemic as the challenge
for the aviation industry proper functioning may be not just a valuable, but the development-
oriented instrument.
More else, even safeguarding civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference may
be taken by applying legal solutions as well as preventive actions. The latter solutions, aimed
at ensuring security, and thus securing civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference,
can be used and implemented at airports, on board aircraft, and through the use of
operational solutions (Sliwinska, 2019).
Improving the organization of air transport security system, including the increase of
efficiency of aviation counter-terrorism, will require changes in methods and ways of using
forces and measures, modification of operating procedures, as well as changes in legislation
(Radomyskia & Bernat, 2018).
The mentioned above fully describes their significant role in civil aviation safety
improvement policy and opens its readiness to new expected and unexpected challenges in
a rapidly developed informational world.
3.2. Currents issues and prospects of the legal technologies use for the further civil
aviation safety development in pandemic and post pandemic conditions
Taking into account commercial profit loss as the biggest challenge for the aviation
industry under the pandemic, it is needed to be careful to suggest directions and measures
for further civil aviation safety improvement because they are connected with the
involvement of monetary resources too.
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This has clear implications for the aviation industry as well as indirect consequences
to several sectors (e.g.tourism) and the economy at large as well as the society (Iacus, et. al.,
2020). At the same time, COVID-2019 created a dilemma of choosing between the high
possibility of human health and life loss for the sake of commercial gains in the aviation
industry and the loss of commercial profits in the mentioned field for the sake of human
health and life-saving. New health screening controls would be imposed at airports,
translating in higher costs for airports and passengers (Suau-Sanchez, Voltes-Dorta &
Cuguero-Escofet, 2020).
Logically the first of more profitable but limited by the quantity of civil aviation users
in a separate country and in the whole world. More else, this way is destructive from the
beginning because under the total absence of passengers for their transportation by air, civil
aviation’s role may be significantly low even taking into account the world’s needs in cargo
transportations by air.
Thus, even under the acceptable commercial loss civil aviation is under the necessity
to make appropriate rules for the increase of its safety in pandemic and post pandemic
conditions. The complex of such rules, to our mind, has to be represented by an efficient and
modern system of legal technologies for the stable functioning of the aviation industry under
safe transportations by air.
More else, COVID-19 has demonstrated that, rather than having airports and airlines
change their practices alone, it is necessary that States change their practices along with
them in a uniform and widespread manner. Considering that COVID-19 affected various
sectors in various locations, change should be spurred not only on a micro-scale, that is, by
the various stakeholders of the various industries so affected, but also on a macro-scale, that
is, by the different governments of the world. Change, therefore, can only be achieved by all
acting as one (Cassar, 2020).
3.2.1. Current challenges for the legal technologies implementation for the civil
aviation safety improvement under the fight against COVID-2019
The challenges for the use of legal technologies with the aim to improve the state of
safety in the field of modern civil aviation may be represented by their dividing on external
and internal.
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Among the first, we have to stress on pandemic existence with its negative
consequences on both sides of aviation relations. On the one hand, airports and airplane
personnel as providers of aviation service need the increase of safety under the fight against
COVID-2019. On the other hand, for example, passengers as consumers of aviation service
require their safe transportations that have to be done under the change of ordinary
conditions and the transformation of protective measures for movement by air. One more
element in this process belongs to a so-called psychological component due to the increase
of stressful levels for the human psyche for being transported by air in conditions of adaptive
quarantine as a reaction to pandemic existence.
The second group of challenges originates from the internal disagreements in the civil
aviation component support and functioning. The first of them is represented by the
technical non-readiness of this industry to own automatic evolution due to the pandemic
conditions. We mean that even being rather developed technically, the aviation sphere was
not prepared and, thus, did not have its predictive technical reaction on the total change of
ordinary requirements for cargo, passengers, and their luggage transportation in extreme
conditions.
More else, in civil protection airport systems, it is essential to consider, for example,
potential risks to the airport, the vast terrain to be guarded by Aviation Security Service and
other services, a specific airport infrastructure, passenger and freight traffic (Nowak,
Ogonowski & Kustra, 2019).
Also, there is a second integral element that may be determined as the political non-
coordination between national governments in providing aviation policy under the fight
against COVID-2019 but within the international civil aviation functioning requirements.
Thus, the last regulation also had to be rapidly adapted in differently-oriented directions to
stabilize the current state of civil aviation safety and suggest its improvement.
The third component is represented by the economic non-willingness of the civil
aviation system administration to commercial loss due to the decrease of aviation
transportation quantity in the pandemic, and to the additional spending for the airports and
airplanes safety improvement as well as the aviation personnel protection in non-ordinary
conditions under the requirements of modern legal technologies.
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Strict measures (quarantine, flight cancelations, travel restrictions) can reduce risks
significantly but come with the cost of a large social, economic and political risk. Airport
controls, especially in the case of novel diseases with unknown symptoms or high
asymptomatic shares, can prove inadequate and may even give a false sense of security
(Christidis & Christodoulou, 2020).
Thus, the mentioned challenges represent the fundamental reasons for civil aviation
safety issues whereas, in our opinion, under the fight against COVID-2019 the commercial
income decrease is an objective and logically acceptable need for the mentioned safety
improvement in accordance with modern legal technologies in this sphere.
3.2.2. Prospects of the legal technologies use in the civil aviation safety improvement in
conditions of post pandemic reality
Pandemic conditions and circumstances generated the differently-structured need for
the stabilization of civil aviation safety and its future improvement for the further existence
and development of civil aviation in the world. Nowadays the gradual changes of technical,
political, and economic components in dealing with the administration of the aviation
industry are visible and still on their way to be practically transformed in accordance with
modern legal technologies.
To our mind, the prospects of the legal technologies use in the civil aviation safety
correction and evolution due to the pandemic and, more else, post pandemic reality may be
divided into three groups.
More else, aviation technologies are constantly improving; as a result, aviation
specialists need to update their skills including of focus on updating self-study skills
(Plachynda, Herasymenko, Pukhalska, Kryzhevska, 2019).
The first group of legal technologies is to improve a safe component of airports and
their personnel activity during their interaction with passengers, their luggage and cargo
before, during and after their transportation by air.
The second group of legal technologies is for the evolution of safety level for aircraft
functioning and their personnel activity before, during and after their flight in conditions of
the fight against COVID-2019.
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The third group of legal technologies is to protect passengers, their luggage with the
taking of special attention to animals, and cargo before, during and after their transportation
by air.
The measures that are suggested by the modern legal technologies may be divided into
social-self-preventive, ideological-educative and technical ones.
The social-self-preventive measure is to create a social habit to keep distance and
mask regimes in airports, planes, and interaction with any passenger or airport or aircraft
servant or personnel as an ordinary rule for communication and aviation service. This
component has a self-protective character in the meaning to form in every person’s psyche as
a required need for own health protection as one of the elements of the whole civil aviation
safety policy if new times.
The ideological-educative measure is to gradually educate a modern “ideology” of the
civil aviation use under the fight against COVID-2019. Providing and imperative support of
testing and screening programs for the arrival passengers or the requirement of medical
profess of their appropriate health state not just as a protective measure in relation to them,
but to other passengers, airport and aircraft personnel and even other inhabitance of the
passengers’ arrival country. Also, the providing of imperative educative influence in mass
media, educational institutions of the especially young generation to train serious attitude to
distance and mask regimes due to the not just care about own but other people's health and
respect to their right to live. The mentioned requires special attention to be paid to the
weakness of those at risk during the fight of their immunity against HIV, oncology, and other
serious fatal diseases. Thus, the youth’s understanding of their possible being carriers of
COVID-2019 under their strong immunity, and the high possibility for the mentioned ill
people to die due to the unsafe contact in public places has to be trained and explained.
Where the COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented threat to global
health, impacting every country throughout the world, it will be urgently necessary at the
earliest appropriate moment to reshape the global health law landscape to respond
collectively to the common threat of future pandemics (Gostin, Habibi & Meier, 2020).
The technical measure requires additional spending and training for airports and
airplanes technical improvement and special closing of airport servants and aircraft
personnel, also service for their check, and pacing, transfer of cargo, luggage and especially
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animals. Concerning the last, testing of suspected animals has to be provided directly in
airports in case of the need, and temperature screening has to be used in relation to the
animals transported by air. Cargo and luggage packing, check, and transfer has to be
organized with more use of technical possibilities under the less involvement of humans. In
this regard, the whole world’s community has to be prepared to implement new cyber
technologies and possibilities. Nowadays the idea of gradual transforming of airport and
aircraft personnel from fully human to partially cyber is still rather provocative. At the same
time, the use of cyber technologies with the aim of civil aviation safety improvement will face
the issue of its cyber modernizations due to the needs of reality that now is dictated by the
pandemic. But in conditions of the future challenges of different nature under technical
progressive possibilities, the involvement of cyber humans’ participation as a part of aviation
personnel and consumers of aviation services under the new world’s order cannot be
excluded.
With the rapid development of information technology and deepening in reform of
civil aviation management system, how to better apply the modern information technology
to promote the modernization of our civil aviation industry has become an important mission
for civil aviation information technology (Renliang, 2012). The greatest challenge for civil
aviation is its protection in cyberspace. The availability and universality of networking
solutions intensifies this challenge even further. It cannot be stated that civil aviation is here,
completely helpless. In the present conditions, the applied solutions bring appropriate
results, however, still the question might be asked whether we will not be astonished by
future developments? (Nowak, Ogonowski & Kustra, 2019).
Conclusion
In conditions of global changes and social transformations under the modern
challenges of pandemic and post pandemic reality, the role of civil aviation safety is quite
significant. The perspective directions of its future development and improvement are based
on the following results.
1. A concept of legal technologies in pandemic and post pandemic times may be
understood as regulatory-protective instruments that are used by national governments and
involved international organizations for the development and improvement of civil aviation
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safety and providing the appropriate aviation policy under the requirements and needs of
reality.
2. Legal technologies are not just the indissolubly part of civil aviation safety, but they
determine the level of safety in all integral components of its whole structure.
3. The challenges for the use of legal technologies with the aim to improve the state of
safety in the field of modern civil aviation may be represented by their dividing on external
and internal.
The first one is characterized by negative consequences on both sides of aviation
relations that are airports and airplane personnel as providers of aviation service and
passengers as consumers of aviation service under the fight against COVID-2019. The second
one is represented by technical non-readiness, political non-coordination, and economic
non-willingness of civil aviation system administration by the use of appropriate legal
technologies as the platform for peoples’ protection in conditions of the commercial income
decrease under the pandemic.
4. Nowadays the gradual changes of technical, political, and economic components in
dealing with the administration of the aviation industry are visible and still on their way to
be practically transformed in accordance with modern legal technologies. The prospects of
the legal technologies use in the civil aviation safety correction and evolution due to the
pandemic and, more else, post pandemic reality may be divided into three groups that are 1)
airports and their personnel activity; 2) aircraft functioning and their personnel activity; 3)
transportation of passengers, their luggage with the taking of special attention to animals,
and cargo by air.
5. The measures that are suggested by the modern legal technologies may be divided
into social-self-preventive, ideological-educative and technical ones. In conditions of the
future challenges of different nature under technical progressive possibilities, the
involvement of cyber humans’ participation as a part of aviation personnel and consumers of
aviation services under the new world’s order cannot be excluded.
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