La quinua mejora el estrés del retículo endoplásmico renal en ratas con resistencia a la insulina inducida por glucocorticoides.
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la eficacia de la quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) para atenuar las respuestas del retículo endoplásmico al estrés en los riñones de ratas con resistencia a la insulina inducida por dexametasona. Para la investigación se seleccionaron 42 ratas macho. Las ratas se dividieron aleatoriamente en seis grupos: un grupo de control sano, un grupo de control alimentado con quinua, un grupo con RI y tres grupos de tratamiento que recibieron metformina, quinua o quinua antes de inducir la resistencia a la insulina. Posteriormente, se registraron los valores de glucosa en ayunas, insulina sérica y la evaluación del modelo homeostático de la resistencia a la insulina. A continuación, se cuantificaron seis genes relacionados con el estrés del retículo endoplásmico (Xbp1, Perk, Ire1, Chop, Atf6 y Atf4). El estudio reveló que algunas ratas presentaban una disfunción metabólica extrema bajo dexametasona y se observó un aumento significativo de la evaluación del modelo homeostático de la resistencia a la insulina (7,11 ± 1,12) en el grupo con resistencia a la insulina en comparación con el grupo de control (2,88 ± 0,13). Este estrés metabólico se correlacionó con la vía del estrés del retículo endoplásmico renal, lo que dio lugar a una regulación al alza significativa de los seis genes (Chop: 4,12 veces y Perk: 5,916 veces). La adición de quinoa dio lugar a una reducción significativa de las disfunciones moleculares metabólicas. En el grupo resistencia a la insulina + Quinoa, la evaluación del modelo homeostático de la resistencia a la insulina era significativamente más bajo (6,33 ± 1,04; P < 0,05) y la expresión del gen proapoptótico Chop se redujo significativamente en un 59 % (de 4,12 a 1,79 veces). El efecto de la quinoa sobre la evaluación del modelo homeostático de la resistencia a la insulinay la expresión génica del estrés del retículo endoplásmico es comparable al de la metformina. Esto sugiere que el consumo de quinoa puede ayudar a contrarrestar las alteraciones moleculares y los trastornos metabólicos asociados al estrés del retículo endoplásmico causado por la resistencia a la insulina inducida por glucocorticoides. Por tanto, la quinua podría ser un complemento dietético útil en casos de complicaciones renales relacionadas con la resistencia a la insulina.
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