Presencia, distribución y análisis molecular de la fusariosis de la espiga en cereales del noreste de Argelia

• Alaeddine Belgacem Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ferhat ABBAS University – Setif 1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6909-9800
• Abdelkrim Mebarkia Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ferhat ABBAS University – Setif 1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9249-2677

Palabras clave: cebada, Fusarium, identificación, prospección, trigo duro

Resumen

La fusariosis de la espiga (FHB) afecta a los cereales reduciendo la calidad y cantidad del rendimiento. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo, por un lado, evaluar la prevalencia, la severidad y la incidencia de esta enfermedad en los campos de trigo duro y cebada en la región de las llanuras altas de Setifian, al noreste de Argelia, y, por otro lado, identificar las especies de Fusarium. Se prospectaron los campos de trigo duro y cebada y se recogieron muestras sintomáticas de FHB durante dos campañas agrícolas (2018-2019). Los resultados de prevalencia, incidencia y gravedad en el trigo duro durante la primera campaña fueron del 6 %, 12.1 % y 56.2 %, y en la cebada, del 23.77 %, 10.22 % y 49.7 %, respectivamente. Sin embargo, en la segunda campaña, en el trigo fueron del 2.5 %, 3 % y 35 %, y en la cebada del 35 %, 10.86 % y 44.29 %, respectivamente. Se seleccionaron los 102 aislamientos mediante caracterización morfológica, que se identificaron mediante análisis molecular mediante amplificación por PCR y secuenciación de los espaciadores transcritos internos (ITS) y de la β-tubulina (tub2) o del factor de elongación de la traducción 1-alfa (tef1). De esta forma, se identificaron siete especies de Fusarium, F. equiseti (27.45 %), F. graminearum (25.49%), F. acuminatum (19,6 %), F. oxysporum (13.73 %), F. proliferatum (9.8 %), F. avenaceum (1.96 %), F. incarnatum (1.96 %). Además, Fusarium proliferatum y F. oxysporum se reportaron por primera vez en campos argelinos.

Citas

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