Local grape cultivars in Egypt: exploring their potential health benefits
Keywords:
grape, phytochemicals, resveratrol, antioxidant, catechins, antimicrobial, health benefits
Abstract
The biological activities of phytochemical compounds in grapes have recently attracted increasing attention due to their potential health benefits for humans. In this study, seven local grape cultivars of Egypt (Gharibi, Fayoumi, Bez El-Naka, Romy Ahmer, Edkawy, Matrouh Eswid and Baltim Eswid) were investigated to determine their phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Tannins, total phenols, total flavonoids and resveratrol content of grape pulp and seed extract were measured. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine the level of antioxidant activity. Polyphenolic compounds were identified using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique (LC-MS/MS). The findings revealed that, the Edkawy and Baltim Eswid cultivars presented the highest content of tannins in the seeds (0.68 and 0.65 %, respectively), and total flavonoids in the pulp and seeds (0.06 and 0.08 %, respectively). Baltim Eswid showed the best total phenols content (0.11 %) in the pulp. Overall antioxidant capacity of grape seed extracts was extremely superior to that of the pulp, where Baltim Eswid was the best in this concern. The maximum values of resveratrol for pulp and seed (46.24 and 307.12 mg.100g-1, respectively), were observed in Baltim Eswid. The main compounds found in the seed extract were the catechins, ranging from 26.51 % in Fayoumi to 35.8 % in Bez El-Naka. The study demonstrated that grape seed extract has antimicrobial properties with potential application as an antimicrobial agent in the industrial area and as an alternative treatment in the medical sector.
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References
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Gaser, A.S.A., Abo El-Wafa, T.S.A., & Farag, A.R.A. (2023). Evaluation and morphological characteristics of some newly–introduce grape cultivars under Egyptian environmental conditions. Horticulture Research Journal, 1(1),121-137. https://doi.org/10.21608/hrj.2023.306954
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Mohammadparast, B., Rasouli, M., & Eyni, M. (2024). Resveratrol contents of 27 grape cultivars. Applied Fruit Science, 66, 1053-1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-024-01060-5
Nour, V., Trandafir, I., & Muntean, C. (2012). Ultraviolet irradiation of trans-resveratrol and HPLC determination of trans-resveratrol and cis-resveratrol in Romanian red wines. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 50(10) 920-927, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bms091
Pająk, P., Socha, R., Gałkowska, D., Roznowski, J., & Fortuna, T. (2014). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity in selected seeds and sprouts. Food Chemistry, 143, 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.064
Paredes-López, O., Cervantes-Ceja, M.L., Vigna-Pérez, M., & Hernández-Pérez, T. (2010). Berries: Improving Human Health and Healthy Aging, and Promoting Quality Life-A Review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 65(3), 299-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-010-0177-1
Perrone, D., Fuggetta, M.P., Ardito, F., Cottarelli, A., De Filippis, A., Ravagnan, G., De Maria, S., & Lo Muzio, L. (2017). Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) and its properties in oral diseases. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14(1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4472
Prestinaci, F., Pezzotti, P., & Pantosti, A. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathogens and Global Health, 109(7): 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000030
Quisumbing, E. (1978). Medicinal Plants of the Phillippines. India: Katha Publishing Co. Inc.
Rababah, T.M., Hettiarachchy, N.S., & Horax, R. (2004). Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(16), 5183-5186. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049645z
Ranjitha, C.Y., Priyanka, S., Deepika, R., Smitha Rani, G.P., Sahana, J., & Prashith Kekuda, T.R. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of grape seed extract. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(8), 1483-1488.
Shrestha, B., Theerathavaj, M.L.S., Thaweboon, S., & Thaweboon, B. (2012). In vitro antimicrobial effects of grape seed extract on peri-implantitis microflora in craniofacial implants. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(10), 822-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60236-6
Stapleton, P.D., Shah, S., Anderson, J.C., Hara, Y., Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T., & Taylor, P.W. (2004). Modulation of β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by catechins and gallates. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 23(5), 462-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.09.027
Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsigalou, C., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2021). Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: a review study on challenges and future perspectives. Microorganisms, 9(10), 2041. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102041
Waller, R.A., & Duncan, D.B. (1969). A Bayes rule for the symmetric multiple comparisons problem. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 64(328), 1484-1503. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1969.10501073
Wiegand, I., Hilpert, K., & Hancock, R.E.W. (2008). Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nature Protocols, 3(2), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.521
Wongnarat, C., & Srihanam, P. (2017). Phytochemical and antioxidant activity in seeds and pulp of grape cultivated in Thailand. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 33(1), 113-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/330112
Xia, E.Q., Deng, G.F., Guo, Y.J., & Li, H.B. (2010). Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(2), 622-646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11020622
Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00102-2
Ahmed, O.A., & Abd EL-Aziz, M.H. (2021). Description and evaluation of some newly introduced grape cultivars under Egyptian conditions. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mansoura University, 12(7), 127-136. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jacb.2021.187453
Atanassova, M., & Christova-Bagdassarian, V. (2009). Determination of tannins content by titrimetric method for comparison of different plant species. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 44(4), 413-415. https://journal.uctm.edu/node/j2009-4/14_Maria_Atanasova_413-416.pdf
Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S.K. (2016). Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
Baydar, N.G., Sagdic, O., Ozkan, G., & Cetin, S. (2006). Determination of antibacterial effects and total phenolic contents of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed extracts. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 41(7), 799-804. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01095.x
Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
Caturla, N., Vera-Samper, E., Villalaín, J., Mateo, C.R., & Micol, V. (2003). The relationship between the antioxidant and the antibacterial properties of galloylated catechins and the structure of phospholipid model membranes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 34(6), 648-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01366-7
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). (2008). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals: Approved Standard. Wayne, PA.: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Elejalde, E., Villarán, M.C., Esquivel, A., & Alonso R.M. (2024). Bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity of grape seed and grape skin phenolic compounds after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 79(2), 432-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-024-01164-z
Gaser, A.S.A., Abo El-Wafa, T.S.A., & Farag, A.R.A. (2023). Evaluation and morphological characteristics of some newly–introduce grape cultivars under Egyptian environmental conditions. Horticulture Research Journal, 1(1),121-137. https://doi.org/10.21608/hrj.2023.306954
Gómez, A.M., López, C.P., & de la Ossa, E.M. (1996). Recovery of grape seed oil by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: a comparison with conventional solvent extraction. The Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal, 61(3), 227-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0923-0467(95)03040-9
Jaitz, L., Siegl, K., Eder, R., Rak, G., Abranko, L., Koellensperger, G., & Hann, S. (2010). LC–MS/MS analysis of phenols for classification of red wine according to geographic origin, grape variety and vintage. Food Chemistry, 122(1), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.053
Karageçili, H., İzol, E., Kireçci, E., & Gülçin, İ. (2023). Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis. Open Chemistry, 21(1), 20230120. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0120
Karuppusamy, S., & Rajasekaran, K.M. (2009). High throughput antibacterial screening of plant extracts by Resazurin redox with special reference to medicinal plants of Western Ghats. Global Journal of Pharmacology, 3(2), 63-68. https://www.idosi.org/gjp/3(2)09/2.pdf
Martin, M.E., Grao-Cruces, E., Millan-Linares, M.C., & Montserrat-de la Paz, S. (2020). Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed oil: A functional food from the winemaking industry. Foods, 9(10), 1360. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101360
McDonald, S., Prenzler, P.D., Antolovich, M., & Robards, K. (2001). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry, 73(1), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(00)00288-0
Mohammadparast, B., Rasouli, M., & Eyni, M. (2024). Resveratrol contents of 27 grape cultivars. Applied Fruit Science, 66, 1053-1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-024-01060-5
Nour, V., Trandafir, I., & Muntean, C. (2012). Ultraviolet irradiation of trans-resveratrol and HPLC determination of trans-resveratrol and cis-resveratrol in Romanian red wines. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 50(10) 920-927, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bms091
Pająk, P., Socha, R., Gałkowska, D., Roznowski, J., & Fortuna, T. (2014). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity in selected seeds and sprouts. Food Chemistry, 143, 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.064
Paredes-López, O., Cervantes-Ceja, M.L., Vigna-Pérez, M., & Hernández-Pérez, T. (2010). Berries: Improving Human Health and Healthy Aging, and Promoting Quality Life-A Review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 65(3), 299-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-010-0177-1
Perrone, D., Fuggetta, M.P., Ardito, F., Cottarelli, A., De Filippis, A., Ravagnan, G., De Maria, S., & Lo Muzio, L. (2017). Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) and its properties in oral diseases. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14(1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4472
Prestinaci, F., Pezzotti, P., & Pantosti, A. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathogens and Global Health, 109(7): 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000030
Quisumbing, E. (1978). Medicinal Plants of the Phillippines. India: Katha Publishing Co. Inc.
Rababah, T.M., Hettiarachchy, N.S., & Horax, R. (2004). Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(16), 5183-5186. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049645z
Ranjitha, C.Y., Priyanka, S., Deepika, R., Smitha Rani, G.P., Sahana, J., & Prashith Kekuda, T.R. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of grape seed extract. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(8), 1483-1488.
Shrestha, B., Theerathavaj, M.L.S., Thaweboon, S., & Thaweboon, B. (2012). In vitro antimicrobial effects of grape seed extract on peri-implantitis microflora in craniofacial implants. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(10), 822-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60236-6
Stapleton, P.D., Shah, S., Anderson, J.C., Hara, Y., Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T., & Taylor, P.W. (2004). Modulation of β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by catechins and gallates. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 23(5), 462-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.09.027
Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsigalou, C., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2021). Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: a review study on challenges and future perspectives. Microorganisms, 9(10), 2041. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102041
Waller, R.A., & Duncan, D.B. (1969). A Bayes rule for the symmetric multiple comparisons problem. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 64(328), 1484-1503. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1969.10501073
Wiegand, I., Hilpert, K., & Hancock, R.E.W. (2008). Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nature Protocols, 3(2), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.521
Wongnarat, C., & Srihanam, P. (2017). Phytochemical and antioxidant activity in seeds and pulp of grape cultivated in Thailand. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 33(1), 113-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/330112
Xia, E.Q., Deng, G.F., Guo, Y.J., & Li, H.B. (2010). Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(2), 622-646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11020622
Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00102-2
Published
2025-05-20
How to Cite
Dahab, A., Mahmoud, R., Abd El-Salam, H., Mahmoud, G., & Ibrahim, E. (2025). Local grape cultivars in Egypt: exploring their potential health benefits. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 42(2), e254225. Retrieved from https://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/43857
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Food Technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Abeer A. Dahab, Rania A. Mahmoud, Hemat S. Abd El-Salam, Gehan A. Mahmoud, Eman S. H. Ibrahim
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