Identificación de las vías de biosíntesis de ácido indolacético en Trichoderma asperellum y Trichoderma koningiopsis
Palabras clave:
ácido indol acético, triptófano, triptamina, indol pirúvico, vía IAA
Resumen
El hongo Trichoderma spp. produce metabolitos secundarios asociados a la promoción del crecimiento vegetal, especialmente la producción de ácido indol acético (AIA), la principal hormona vegetal. Las vías de producción de triptófano dependiente (TRP-D) y de triptófano independiente (TRP-I), dependiendo del precursor implicado en la síntesis de AIA, son bien conocidas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la vía de producción de triptófano dependiente (TRP-D) en condiciones de medio de cultivo líquido in vitro (Papa Dextrosa), suplementado con triptófano (TRP). La presencia de compuestos auxínicos en TRP-D se cuantificó mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). Además, la morfología de las semillas de maíz fue analizada utilizando microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). La interacción de Trichoderma spp. con la germinación de las semillas de maíz se evaluó en condiciones controladas de laboratorio, realizando el ensayo por triplicado y llevando a cabo un análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Los resultados mostraron que las especies T. asperellum y T. koningiopsis pueden degradar TRP y sintetizar AIA a través de las vías de triptamina (TRM) e indol acetamida (IAM). Sin embargo, no se detectó la síntesis de AIA a través de las vías de ácido indol pirúvico (IPyA) y 3-indol acetonitrilo (IAN). En particular, T. asperellum produjo concentraciones significativamente más altas de AIA en comparación con T. koningiopsis. Además, se observó que la suplementación con triptófano aumentó la producción de AIA en ambas especies. Finalmente, T. koningiopsis mostró una fuerte relación con el sistema radical del maíz, invadiendo la raíz y estableciendo una interacción beneficiosa que podría contribuir al crecimiento y desarrollo de la planta. Estos hallazgos sugieren que T. koningiopsis tiene un potencial significativo como biofertilizante en sistemas agrícolas.
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Nieto-Jacobo, M. F., Steyaert, J. M., Salazar-Badillo, F. B., Nguyen, D.V., Rostás, M., Braithwaite, M., and Mendoza-Mendoza, A. (2017). Environmental Growth Conditions of Trichoderma spp. Affects Indole Acetic Acid Derivatives, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Plant Growth Promotion Frontiers in Plant Science. 8, 102. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00102.
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Bajguz A. & Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A. (2023). Biosynthetic Pathways of Hormones in Plants. Metabolites, 13(8), 884. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13080884.
Braithwaite, M., Johnston, P. R., Ball, S. L., Nourozil, F., Hay, A. J., Shoukouhi, P., Chomic, A., Lange, C., Ohkura, M., Nieto-Jacobo, M. F., Cummings, N. J., Bienkowski, D., Mendoza-Mendoza, A., Hill, R. A., McLean, K. L., Stewart, A., Steyaert, J. M. and Bissett, J. (2017). Trichoderma down under: species diversity and occurrence of Trichoderma in New Zealand. Australasian Plant Pathology. 46, 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-016-0457-9
Cai, F., Chen, W., Wei, Z., Pang, G., Li, R., Ran, W.and Shen, Q. (2015). Colonization of Trichoderma harzianum strain SQR-T037 on tomato roots and its relationship to plant growth, nutrient availability and soil microflora. Plant Soil, 388, 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2326-.
Dam, N. M.& Bouwmeester, H. J. (2016). Metabolomics in the Rhizosphere: Tapping into Belowground Chemical Communication. Trends in Plant Science, 21, 256-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.008
Feng, Y., Tian, B., Xiong, Lin,G., Cheng L., Zhang T., Lin B.,, Ke Z., and Xin L. (2024). Exploring IAA biosynthesis and plant growth promotion mechanism for tomato root endophytes with incomplete IAA synthesis pathways. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 11, 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-024-00712-8
Fu, S.F., Wei, J.Y., Chen, H.W., Liu, Y.Y., Lu, H.Y., and Chou, J.Y. 2015. Indole-3-acetic acid: A widespread physiological code in interactions of fungi with other organisms. Plant Signaling & Behavio,10(8), e1048052. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1048052.
Ghasemi, S., Safaie, N., Shahbazi, S., Shams-Bakhsh, M., and Askari, H. 2020. The Role of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Antagonistic Traits of Trichoderma virens Against Rhizoctonia solani. Iraniab Journal of Biotechnology, 18(4), e2333. doi: 10.30498/IJB.2020.2333.
Guzmán-Guzmán, P., Aleman-Duarte, M. I., Delaye, L., Herrera-Estrella, A., and Olmedo-Monfil, V. (2017). Identification of effector-like proteins in Trichoderma spp. and role of a hydrophobin in the plant-fungus interaction and mycoparasitism. BMC Genetics, 18, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-017-0481-y.
Etesami, H., & Glick B. 2024. Bacterial indole-3-acetic acid: A key regulator for plant growth, plant-microbe interactions, and agricultural adaptive resilience, Microbiological Research, 281, 127602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2024.127602.
Hernández-Mendoza, J. L., Moreno-Medina, V. R., Quiroz-Velásquez, J. D., García-Olivares, J. G., & Mayek-Pérez, N. (2010). Efecto de diferentes concentraciones de ácido antranílico en el crecimiento del maíz. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, XII(1),57-63. doi: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=77617786007
Hirayama, T., & Mochida, K. (2022). Plant Hormonomics: A Key Tool for Deep Physiological Phenotyping to Improve Crop Productivity. Plant and Cell Physiology, 63(12), 1826-1839. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcac067.
Leontovyčová, H., Trdá, L., Dobrev, P.I., Šašek, V., Gay, E., Balesdent, M.H., and Burketová, L. 2020. Auxin biosynthesis in the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans is associated with enhanced transcription of indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase LmIPDC2 and tryptophan aminotransferase LmTAM1. Research in Microbiology, 171(5-6), 174-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2020.05.001.
Lopez-Coria, M., Hernández-Mendoza, J. L., and Sánchez-Nieto, S. (2016). T. asperellum induces maize seedling growth by activating the PM H+ 1 -2 ATPase. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 29, 797-806. doi.org/10.1069/MPMI-07-16-0138-R.
Lubna, Asaf, S., Hamayun, M., Gul, H., Lee, I. J., and Hussain, A. (2018). Aspergillus niger CSR3 regulates plant endogenous hormones and secondary metabolites by producing gibberellins and indoleacetic acid. Journal of Plant Interactions, 13(1), 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2018.1436199.
Naveed, M., Amjad, Q. M., Zahir, Z. A., Hussain, M. B., Sessitsch, A., and Mitter, B. L. (2015). Annals of Microbiology, 65:1381-1389. doi: 10.1007/s13213-014-0976-y
Morffy, N. & Strader, L. (2020) Old Town Roads: routes of auxin biosynthesis across kingdoms, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 55, 21-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2020.02.002.
Nieto-Jacobo, M. F., Steyaert, J. M., Salazar-Badillo, F. B., Nguyen, D.V., Rostás, M., Braithwaite, M., and Mendoza-Mendoza, A. (2017). Environmental Growth Conditions of Trichoderma spp. Affects Indole Acetic Acid Derivatives, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Plant Growth Promotion Frontiers in Plant Science. 8, 102. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00102.
Peñafiel-Jaramillo, M. F., Torres-Navarrete, E. D., Barrera-Álvarez, A. E., Prieto-Encalada, H. G., Morante, C. J., and Canchignia-Matínez, H. F. (2016). Ciencias agrarias producing indole-3acetic acid using Pesudomonas veronii R4 and in vitro formation of roots in Thompson seedless grapevine leaves. Ciencia y Tecnología, 9, 31-36. https://revistas.uteq.edu.ec/index.php/cyt/article/view/158/172
Pirog, T.P. & Piatetska, D.V. & Klymenko, N.O. and Iutynska, G.O.. (2022). Ways of Auxin Biosynthesis in Microorganisms. Microbiological Journal, 84, 57-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.057.
SAS Institute Inc. (2004). SAS/STAT ® 9.1 User’s Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Saleem, A., Qasim, M. W., Ahmad, A., Bibi, A., Haq, I. U., Khan, A. A., and Sajjad, M. (2024). Recent Advances in Photosynthesis, Plant Hormones and Applications in Plant Growth. Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences, 9(1), 17-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2024.v09i01.003
Sztein, A.E., Ilić, N., Cohen, J.D. et al. (2002). Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in isolated axes from germinating bean seeds: The effect of wounding on the biosynthetic pathway. Plant Growth Regulation 36, 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016586401506
Tang, J. Li, Y., Zhang, L., Mu, J., Jiang, Y., Fu, H., Zhang, Y., Cui, H., Yu, X., and Ye, Z. 2023 Biosynthetic Pathways and Functions of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Microorganisms. Microorganisms, 11(8), 2077. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082077
Tariq, A., & Ahmed, A. (2022). Auxins-Interkingdom Signaling Molecules. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.102599
Uribe-Bueno, M., Hernández-Mendoza, J.L., García, C., Ancona V., Larios-Serrato, V. (2020). Independent Tryptophan pathway in Trichoderma asperellum and T koningiopsis: New insights with bioinformatic and molecular analysis. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.31.230920.
Yao, X., Guo, H., Zhang, K., Zhao, M., Ruan, J., and Chen, J. 2023.Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease. Frontiers in Microbiology, 3141160551. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160551.
Yin, Q., Zhang, J., Wang, S. Jintang Cheng, Han Gao, Cong Guo, Lianbao Ma, Limin Sun, Xiaoyan Han, Shilin Chen, An Liu. (2021). N-glucosyltransferase GbNGT1 from ginkgo complements the auxin metabolic pathway. Hortic Res 8, 229 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00658-0
Zuo W.L., Okmen B., Depotter J.R.L., Ebert M.K., Redkar A., Villamil J.M., and Doehlemann G. 2019. Molecular Interactions between smut fungi and their host plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 57, 411–430. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100139.
Publicado
2025-06-02
Cómo citar
Romero, E., Hernández, J., Gonzalez†, J., Hernández, S., Oliva , A., & Quiroz, J. (2025). Identificación de las vías de biosíntesis de ácido indolacético en Trichoderma asperellum y Trichoderma koningiopsis. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 42(2), e244229. Recuperado a partir de https://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/43879
Número
Sección
Producción Vegetal
Derechos de autor 2025 Eliezer Romero Juarez, José Luis Hernández Mendoza, Juan Manuel Gonzalez Prieto, Sanjuana Hernández Delgado, Amanda Alejandra Oliva Hernández, Jesús Di Carlo Quiroz Velásquez.
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
