Hábitos de consumo de vísceras de pollos de engorde y sus niveles de residuos de antibióticos, en el nordeste de Argelia

• Hanane Kadi Constantine 1 – Frères Mentouri University, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri–Food Technologies (INATAA). Constantine, Algeria - Constantine 3 – Salah Boubnider University, Food, Nutrition and Health Laboratory (ALNUTS). Constantine, Algeria
• Assia Boudebza Constantine 1 – Frères Mentouri University, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Research Laboratory PADESCA. Constantine, Algeria
• Mohamed Cherif Abdeldjelil Constantine 1 – Frères Mentouri University, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Research Laboratory PADESCA. Constantine, Algeria
• Latifa Boultif Constantine 1 – Frères Mentouri University, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Research Laboratory PADESCA. Constantine, Algeria
• Fadhila Mansour Constantine 1 – Frères Mentouri University, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri–Food Technologies (INATAA). Constantine, Algeria - Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, Departament of Natural and Life Sciences. Tebessa, Algeria - Batna1 University, Institute of Veterinary Science and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Technology, Food Science Laboratory. Batna, Algeria
• Ismail Chougui Constantine 1 – Frères Mentouri University, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri–Food Technologies (INATAA). Constantine, Algeria - Constantine 3 – Salah Boubnider University, Food, Nutrition and Health Laboratory (ALNUTS). Constantine, Algeria
• Quamar Eddine Douak Constantine 1 – Frères Mentouri University, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri–Food Technologies (INATAA). Constantine, Algeria - Constantine 3 – Salah Boubnider University, Food, Nutrition and Health Laboratory (ALNUTS). Constantine, Algeria
• Lamia Elmechta Constantine 1 – Frères Mentouri University, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri–Food Technologies (INATAA). Constantine, Algeria

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34341

Palabras clave: Residuos de antibióticos, vísceras de pollos de engorde, salud, encuesta de consumidores

Resumen

El uso de antibióticos ha promovido la intensificación de la producción avícola. Sin embargo, el uso irracional de estos fármacos provoca una acumulación de residuos tóxicos y nocivos en los productos comestibles de las aves tratadas. Estos residuos acaban afectando a la salud del consumidor al transferir bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos y provocar alergias y otras patologías. Este estudio pretende describir los hábitos de consumo de vísceras de pollos de engorde en dos provincias argelinas: Batna y Sétif (noreste de Argelia). Además, se realizó un estudio cualitativo para analizar los residuos de antibióticos en las vísceras de pollos de engorde comercializados en estas regiones. Se encuestó aleatoriamente a 250 consumidores mediante un cuestionario que incluía preguntas sobre sus características sociodemográficas, sus hábitos de consumo de vísceras y su conocimiento de los riesgos asociados a la presencia de residuos de antibióticos en productos avícolas. El estudio se llevó a cabo del 5 de febrero al 25 de marzo de 2019. Se investigaron los residuos de antibióticos en 66 muestras de pollos de engorde (36 hígados y 30 mollejas) mediante una prueba de difusión en agar inspirada en el método microbiológico convencional de las cuatro placas. La encuesta reveló altos índices de consumo de vísceras: 83,3% en Batna y 92,0% en Sétif. El hígado fue la víscera preferida en ambas regiones por su palatabilidad (86,5%) y su valor nutritivo (67,3%). La mayoría de los encuestados (68% en Batna y 52% en Sétif) son conscientes de los riesgos de los residuos de antibióticos en las vísceras. Los resultados de la investigación sobre residuos de antibióticos mostraron una tasa global de contaminación del 33,3%. Los hígados estaban más contaminados que las mollejas. En ambas regiones, el consumo generalizado de vísceras de pollos de engorde y su contaminación por residuos de antibióticos constituyen un peligro potencial para la salud de los consumidores.

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