¿Puede la Fasciola hepatica modular la gravedad del COVID–19?

• Marco Cabrera–González Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Estación Experimental Baños del Inca, Laboratorio de Biotecnología en Sanidad Animal. Baños del Inca, Cajamarca, Perú
• Carlos Quilcate–Pairazamán Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario. La Molina, Lima, Perú
• Medali Cueva–Rodríguez Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Estación Experimental Baños del Inca, Laboratorio de Biotecnología en Sanidad Animal. Baños del Inca, Cajamarca, Perú

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34330

Palabras clave: Fasciola hepatica, catepsinas L/B, entrada y replicación viral, SARS–CoV–2, COVID–19

Resumen

Perú es considerada una zona hiperendémica de fasciolosis con una prevalencia entre 6,7 a 47,7% (promedio 24,4%) en humanos. En esta zona, la eficacia del Triclabendazol en bovinos es solo del 25,2%, por ello la presencia de cepas resistentes está ampliamente distribuida. El problema se acentúa por ser una enfermedad zoonótica. Además, el Triclabendazol es el único fármaco eficaz contra las distintas formas del parásito. Las catepsinas L y B están involucradas en la migración, nutrición, reproducción y evasión de la respuesta inmune y supervivencia de Fasciola hepatica. Al analizar el proceso en el que el virus SARS–CoV–2 ingresa a la célula, se requiere la presencia de proteasa de serina celular de transmembrana 2 (TMPRSS2) y catepsina L/B (CTSL); donde TMPRSS2 activa la glicoproteína S viral para fusionar la célula con la membrana viral, mientras que la glicoproteína S viral es activada por CTSL, lo que permite la fusión de la membrana endosómica y viral, que el virus infecte a la célula hospedadora es preocupante para estimar el posible efecto que podría generar en poblaciones infectadas con F. hepatica debido a que se necesita una coinfección existente, como resultado del aumento sistémico de las catepsinas L/B secretadas por este parásito y la supervivencia dentro del hospedador definitivo, posiblemente estas poblaciones se vuelvan más susceptibles a la infección viral por coinfección con el parásito; haciendo un llamado a la comunidad científica para identificar alternativas de control de parásitos y no tener un problema asociado a corto plazo.

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