Civil Society Transformation in the Context of Political Radicalism in Eastern Europe
Transformación de la sociedad civil en el contexto del radicalismo político en Europa del Este
Palabras clave:
sociedad civil, actividad política, democracia, radicalismo político, extremismo en Europa del este
Resumen
El artículo estudia los cambios actuales que se están produciendo en el sector de la sociedad civil de los países de Europa del Este bajo el impacto de la intensificación de la acción radical en el entorno político. Una de las áreas clave del progreso de los estados modernos es un mayor desarrollo de los valores democráticos, que depende en gran medida de la actividad del sector de la sociedad civil. En este sentido, el objetivo del estudio fue examinar los principales problemas y áreas de cambios en el desarrollo del sector de la sociedad civil durante el período de intensificación del radicalismo político en algunas democracias de Europa del Este. Metodológicamente se utilizaron los resultados empíricos de una encuesta a ciudadanos de países de Europa del Este para determinar las áreas de desarrollo y los temas clave de la sociedad civil. En conclusión, un análisis comparativo del nivel de desarrollo del sector civil y el grado de radicalización en los países de Europa del Este reveló la correlación entre el desarrollo de la sociedad civil y los marcos políticos radicales.
Descargas
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.
Citas
ADAMS, James; CLARK, Michael; EZROW, Lawrence; GLASGOW, Garrett. 2006. “Are niche parties fundamentally different from mainstream parties? The causes and the electoral consequences of Western European parties’ policy shifts, 1976-1998” In: American Journal of Political Science. Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 513-529.
ALLEN, Trevor. 2017. “All in the party family? Comparing far right voters in Western and Post-Communist Europe” In: Party Politics. Vol. 23, No 3, pp. 274-285.
BEELMANN, Andreas. 2020. “A social-developmental model of radicalization: A systematic integration of existing theories and empirical research” In: International Journal of Conflict and Violence. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-14.
BERNING, Carl; ZILLER, Conrad. 2017. “Social trust and radical rightwing populist party preferences” In: Acta politica. Vol. 52, pp. 198-217.
BUŠTÍKOVÁ, Lenka. 2018. The radical right in Eastern Europe. In: The Oxford handbook of the radical right. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
BUSTIKOVA, Lenka. 2019. Extreme Reactions: Radical Right Mobilization in Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, USA.
BUZOGÁNY, Aron. 2021. “Civic engagement, political participation and the radical right in Central and Eastern Europe” In: Party Politics. Vol.27, No. 1, pp. 35-45.
CARTER, Elisabeth. 2018. “Right-wing extremism/radicalism: Reconstructing the concept” In: Journal of Political Ideologies. Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 157- 182.
CENTRE DE PRÉVENTION DE LA RADICALISATION MENANT À LA VIOLENCE (CPRMV). 2022. Types of radicalizations. Available online. In: https://info-radical.org/en/types-of-radicalization/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
EI. 2021. The Economist Intelligence Unit Democracy Index 2020. Available online. In: https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy- index-2020/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
EU. 2020. Civic engagement. Flash Eurobarometer a Public Opinion Monitoring Study. Brussels. Available online. In: https://www.europarl. europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer/2020/civic_ engagement/report/en-report.pdf. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
FREEDOM HOUSE. 2020. Nations in Transit 2020. Available online. In: https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/202004/05062020_ FH_NIT2020_vfinal.pdf/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
GYÁRFÁŠOVÁ, Oľga; MESEŽNIKOV, Grigorij. 2015. Actors, agenda, and appeal of the radical nationalist right in Slovakia. In: Transforming the Transformation. London, Routledge.
HARMSEN, Robert. 2010. “Concluding comment: On understanding the relationship between populism and Euroscepticism” In: Perspectives on European Politics and Society. Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 333-341.
HEINISCH, Reinhard; SAXONBERG, Steven; WERNER, Annika; HABERSACK, Fabian. 2021. “The effect of radical right fringe parties on main parties in Central and Eastern Europe: Empirical evidence from manifesto data” In: Party Politics. Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 9-21.
HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST. 2017. Poland’s New Front A Government’s War against Civil Society. Human Rights First. New York, USA.
INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMICS & PEACE. 2021. Global Terrorism Index 2020: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism, Sydney, November 2020. Available online. In: http://visionofhumanity.org/reports. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
ISIN, Engin; NIELSEN, Greg. (Eds). 2008. Acts of Citizenship. Chicago University Press. Chicago, USA.
KUTIYSKI, Yordan; KROUWEL, André; VAN PROOIJEN, Jan-Willem. 2021. “Political extremism and distrust: Does radical political orientation predict political distrust and negative attitudes towards European integration?” In: The Social Science Journal. Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 1-16.
MARZEC, Wiktor; NEUBACHER, Daniela. 2020. “Civil society under pressure: historical legacies and current responses in Central Eastern Europe” In: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
MINKENBERG, Michael. 2015. Profiles, patterns, process. Studying the East European radical right in its political environment. Transforming the Transformation? London, Routledge.
MINKENBERG, Michael. 2019. “Between party and movement: conceptual and empirical considerations of the radical right’s organizational boundaries and mobilization processes” In: European Societies. Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 463-486.
MUDDE, Cas. 2016. “Europe’s populist surge: A long time in the making” In: Foreign affairs. Vol. 95, No. 6, pp. 25-30.
MUDDE, Cas. 2017. Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. In: The Populist Radical Right: A Reader. Routledge. London, UK.
MUXEL, Anne. 2019. Youth and Politics in France: Democratic Deficit or New Model of Citizenship. The Routledge Handbook of French Politics and Culture. Routledge. London, UK.
MUXEL, Anne. 2020. “Political Radicalism Among the Younger Generations” In: Youth and Globalization. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 123-136.
NORDSIECK, Wolfram. 2020. Parties and Elections in Europe: Parliamentary Elections and Governments since 1945, European Parliament Elections, Political Orientation and History of Parties. Books on Demand. Norderstedt, Germany.
PARTIES AND ELECTIONS IN EUROPE. 2021. Parties and Elections in Europe. Available online. In: http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/ countries.html Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
POLYAKOVA, Alina; SHEKHOVTSOV, Anton. 2016. What’s left of Europe if the far right has its way? Washington: The Atlantic Council-The Dinu Patriciu Eurasia Centre. Available online. In: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/what-s-left-of-europe-if-the-far- right-has-its-way/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
RONALD, Inglehart; NORRIS, Pippa. 2016. Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. HKS Working Paper № RWP16-026, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Available online. In: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/ publications/trump-brexit-and-rise-populism-economic-have-nots- and-cultural-backlash. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
RYDGREN, Jens. 2009. “Social Isolation? Social capital and radical right-wing voting in Western Europe”. In: Journal of Civil Society. Vol. 5, pp. 129– 150.
SCHULMEISTER, Philipp; BÜTTNER, Matthias; CHIESA, Alice; HALLAOUY, Said; MAGGIO, Luisa; TSOULOU MALAKOUD, Dimitra. 2019. Parlemeter. 2019. Heeding the call beyond the vote a stronger parliament to listen to citizens voices. Brussels, European Union. Available online. In: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/eurobarometre/2019/ parlemeter-2019-heeding-the-call-beyond-the-vote/report/en-report. pdf. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
SIROKY, David; CUFFE, John. 2015. “Lost Autonomy, Nationalism and Separatism” In: Comparative Political Studies. Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 3–34.
TIMBRO AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM INDEX. 2021. Populists are gaining ground. Available online. In: https://populismindex.com/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
USAID. 2021. CSO Sustainability Index. 2020 Civil society organization sustainability index central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia 24th edition– september 2021. Available online. In: https://www.fhi360.org/sites/ default/files/media/documents/csosi-europe-eurasia-2020-report.pdf. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
WESSENAUER, Veszna; HUNYADI, Borbála. 2016. Hungary. In: 2016 Report on the State of Civil Society in the EU and Russia (pp. 98-122). EU-Russia Civil Society Forum. Berlin.
ALLEN, Trevor. 2017. “All in the party family? Comparing far right voters in Western and Post-Communist Europe” In: Party Politics. Vol. 23, No 3, pp. 274-285.
BEELMANN, Andreas. 2020. “A social-developmental model of radicalization: A systematic integration of existing theories and empirical research” In: International Journal of Conflict and Violence. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-14.
BERNING, Carl; ZILLER, Conrad. 2017. “Social trust and radical rightwing populist party preferences” In: Acta politica. Vol. 52, pp. 198-217.
BUŠTÍKOVÁ, Lenka. 2018. The radical right in Eastern Europe. In: The Oxford handbook of the radical right. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
BUSTIKOVA, Lenka. 2019. Extreme Reactions: Radical Right Mobilization in Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, USA.
BUZOGÁNY, Aron. 2021. “Civic engagement, political participation and the radical right in Central and Eastern Europe” In: Party Politics. Vol.27, No. 1, pp. 35-45.
CARTER, Elisabeth. 2018. “Right-wing extremism/radicalism: Reconstructing the concept” In: Journal of Political Ideologies. Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 157- 182.
CENTRE DE PRÉVENTION DE LA RADICALISATION MENANT À LA VIOLENCE (CPRMV). 2022. Types of radicalizations. Available online. In: https://info-radical.org/en/types-of-radicalization/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
EI. 2021. The Economist Intelligence Unit Democracy Index 2020. Available online. In: https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy- index-2020/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
EU. 2020. Civic engagement. Flash Eurobarometer a Public Opinion Monitoring Study. Brussels. Available online. In: https://www.europarl. europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer/2020/civic_ engagement/report/en-report.pdf. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
FREEDOM HOUSE. 2020. Nations in Transit 2020. Available online. In: https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/202004/05062020_ FH_NIT2020_vfinal.pdf/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
GYÁRFÁŠOVÁ, Oľga; MESEŽNIKOV, Grigorij. 2015. Actors, agenda, and appeal of the radical nationalist right in Slovakia. In: Transforming the Transformation. London, Routledge.
HARMSEN, Robert. 2010. “Concluding comment: On understanding the relationship between populism and Euroscepticism” In: Perspectives on European Politics and Society. Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 333-341.
HEINISCH, Reinhard; SAXONBERG, Steven; WERNER, Annika; HABERSACK, Fabian. 2021. “The effect of radical right fringe parties on main parties in Central and Eastern Europe: Empirical evidence from manifesto data” In: Party Politics. Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 9-21.
HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST. 2017. Poland’s New Front A Government’s War against Civil Society. Human Rights First. New York, USA.
INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMICS & PEACE. 2021. Global Terrorism Index 2020: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism, Sydney, November 2020. Available online. In: http://visionofhumanity.org/reports. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
ISIN, Engin; NIELSEN, Greg. (Eds). 2008. Acts of Citizenship. Chicago University Press. Chicago, USA.
KUTIYSKI, Yordan; KROUWEL, André; VAN PROOIJEN, Jan-Willem. 2021. “Political extremism and distrust: Does radical political orientation predict political distrust and negative attitudes towards European integration?” In: The Social Science Journal. Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 1-16.
MARZEC, Wiktor; NEUBACHER, Daniela. 2020. “Civil society under pressure: historical legacies and current responses in Central Eastern Europe” In: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
MINKENBERG, Michael. 2015. Profiles, patterns, process. Studying the East European radical right in its political environment. Transforming the Transformation? London, Routledge.
MINKENBERG, Michael. 2019. “Between party and movement: conceptual and empirical considerations of the radical right’s organizational boundaries and mobilization processes” In: European Societies. Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 463-486.
MUDDE, Cas. 2016. “Europe’s populist surge: A long time in the making” In: Foreign affairs. Vol. 95, No. 6, pp. 25-30.
MUDDE, Cas. 2017. Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. In: The Populist Radical Right: A Reader. Routledge. London, UK.
MUXEL, Anne. 2019. Youth and Politics in France: Democratic Deficit or New Model of Citizenship. The Routledge Handbook of French Politics and Culture. Routledge. London, UK.
MUXEL, Anne. 2020. “Political Radicalism Among the Younger Generations” In: Youth and Globalization. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 123-136.
NORDSIECK, Wolfram. 2020. Parties and Elections in Europe: Parliamentary Elections and Governments since 1945, European Parliament Elections, Political Orientation and History of Parties. Books on Demand. Norderstedt, Germany.
PARTIES AND ELECTIONS IN EUROPE. 2021. Parties and Elections in Europe. Available online. In: http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/ countries.html Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
POLYAKOVA, Alina; SHEKHOVTSOV, Anton. 2016. What’s left of Europe if the far right has its way? Washington: The Atlantic Council-The Dinu Patriciu Eurasia Centre. Available online. In: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/what-s-left-of-europe-if-the-far- right-has-its-way/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
RONALD, Inglehart; NORRIS, Pippa. 2016. Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. HKS Working Paper № RWP16-026, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Available online. In: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/ publications/trump-brexit-and-rise-populism-economic-have-nots- and-cultural-backlash. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
RYDGREN, Jens. 2009. “Social Isolation? Social capital and radical right-wing voting in Western Europe”. In: Journal of Civil Society. Vol. 5, pp. 129– 150.
SCHULMEISTER, Philipp; BÜTTNER, Matthias; CHIESA, Alice; HALLAOUY, Said; MAGGIO, Luisa; TSOULOU MALAKOUD, Dimitra. 2019. Parlemeter. 2019. Heeding the call beyond the vote a stronger parliament to listen to citizens voices. Brussels, European Union. Available online. In: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/eurobarometre/2019/ parlemeter-2019-heeding-the-call-beyond-the-vote/report/en-report. pdf. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
SIROKY, David; CUFFE, John. 2015. “Lost Autonomy, Nationalism and Separatism” In: Comparative Political Studies. Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 3–34.
TIMBRO AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM INDEX. 2021. Populists are gaining ground. Available online. In: https://populismindex.com/. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
USAID. 2021. CSO Sustainability Index. 2020 Civil society organization sustainability index central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia 24th edition– september 2021. Available online. In: https://www.fhi360.org/sites/ default/files/media/documents/csosi-europe-eurasia-2020-report.pdf. Consultation date: 28/01/2022.
WESSENAUER, Veszna; HUNYADI, Borbála. 2016. Hungary. In: 2016 Report on the State of Civil Society in the EU and Russia (pp. 98-122). EU-Russia Civil Society Forum. Berlin.
Publicado
2022-07-26
Cómo citar
Babkina, O., Olena, N., Pavlova, L., Karchevska, O., & Balatska, O. (2022). Civil Society Transformation in the Context of Political Radicalism in Eastern Europe: Transformación de la sociedad civil en el contexto del radicalismo político en Europa del Este. Cuestiones Políticas, 40(73), 671-692. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4073.38
Sección
Derecho Público
Copyright
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación donde se presenta el artículo, el cual se publica bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License, que permite a otros compartir el trabajo previo el reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y de la publicación inicial en esta revista.
Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
Esta obra está bajo la licencia:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
