Aspectos internacionales de la defensa de los derechos de las víctimas en condiciones del conflicto armado en el este de Ucrania
Keywords:
victims of armed conflict, human rights violations, victims’ rights, armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, geopolitics in Eastern Europe
Abstract
Using a comparative methodology based on documentary, the objective of the research was to analyze the international aspects involved in the defense of the rights of the victims of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine. The priority of using military force to resolve questionable issues, national contradictions of
an ethical, religious, political, territorial, economic, etc. nature that are in dispute, remains one of the essential characteristics of today’s realities. Everything allows us to conclude that in almost all regions where there are armed conflicts, laws are violated and prohibited means and methods of warfare are used, related to the violation of the principles of distinction, of proportionality admitted in the process of artillery rocket attacks and air attacks of rockets and bombs, recruitment, training, financing and/or use of mercenaries in military activities, destruction of human settlements, executions in the form of intentional killings for reasons of hatred or political, ideological, racial, national, religious enmity, torture, among
other inhumane behaviors and appalling atrocities, which by their nature and degree of brutality cannot go unpunished and constitute war crimes and crimes against humanity.
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References
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ORDER OF THE MINISTER OF DEFENSE OF UKRAINE. 2004. Guide to the Application of International Humanitarian Law in the Armed Forces of Ukraine: Order of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine of September 11, 2004, № 400. p. 144. Kyiv, Ukraine.
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VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1949. Convention on the Improvement of the Fate of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces of August 12, 1949. Available online. In: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_1. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
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ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTION. 1977. Additional Protocol to the Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949, regarding the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts of 8 June 1977. Available online. In: http: // zakon0. work. gov.ua/laws/show/995_200. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
BIDA, Oleksiy. 2021. “Documenting war crimes is a natural process of restoring justice”. Available online. In: https://helsinki.org.ua/articles/oleksiy- bida-dokumentuvannia-voiennykh-zlochyniv-pryrodniy-protses- vidnovlennia-spravedlyvosti. Date of consultation: 15/03/2021.
CABINET OF MINISTERS. 2017. Procedure for granting the status of a child that was affected by hostilities and armed conflicts: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 05.04.2017 № 268 (as amended). Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/268 -2017-% D0% BF. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
CIVIIM. 2019. “Victims of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine in 2014- 2018” Available online. In: https://civilmplus.org/wp-content/ uploads/2019/01/Web_Victim_A5_ukr.pdf. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE. 1996. Law of Ukraine of June 28, 1996, № 254k / 96-vr. Available online. In: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/254к/96-вр. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
DENYSOV, Viktor; BELOUSOV, Mykhailo. 1978. “An important stage in the development of international humanitarian law” In Soviet law. Vol. 3, No. 7. pp. 99-114.
DRAFT LAW. 2018. On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine concerningensuringharmonizationofcriminallegislationwithprovisions of international law of December 20, 2018. № 9438. Available online. In: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=65266. Date of consultation: 19/08/2020.
DRAFT LAW. 2021. On protection of property rights and other real rights of persons, who are victims of the armed aggression of March 1, 2021. № 5177 Available online. In: https://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/ webproc4_1?pf3511=71272. Date of consultation: 19/08/2020.
EXECUTED IN DONBASS. 2021. “Executed in Donbass: facts of torture and murder in eastern Ukraine” Available online. In: http://book.mb.net.ua/ visnovki-ta-rekomindaci%D1%97/. Date of consultation: 19/03/2021.
GENEVA CONVENTION. 1864. Geneva Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick soldiers in Ground War, 22.08.1864. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
GENEVA CONVENTION. 1949. 14. Geneva Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked in the armed forces at sea of 12 August 1949. Available online. In: http://zakon0.rada.gov. ua/ laws / show / 995_152. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
GENEVA CONVENTION. 1949. Geneva Convention on the protection of civilian persons in time of war of 12 August 1949. Available online. In: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_154. Date of consultation: 17/08/2020.
GENEVA CONVENTION. 1949. Geneva Convention on the treatment of prisoners of war of August 12, 1949. Available online. In: http://zakon5. rada.gov.ua/ laws / show / 995_153. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
GNATOVSKYI, Mykola. 2017. Respect for human rights in the context of armed conflict in Ukraine: the application by courts of international humanitarian law and human rights standards. Available online. In: https://newjustice.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Report_ Respect-for-HR-in-Conflict_Gnatovsky_UKR.pdf. Date of consultation: 15/08/2020.
GRUSHKO, Malvina. 2010. “Protection of the rights of women prisoners of war in armed conflict” In Journal of Kyiv University of Law. Vol. 3, pp. 295- 311.
GRYGORYAN, Grygoriy. 2009. Investigation of crimes that are committed by servicemen of the armed forces of the republic of Armenia in areas of armed conflict. AutoAbstract of dissertation of candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.09. p. 211.
GRYGORYAN, Grygoriy. 2018. International legal basis for the investigation of war crimes. On the materials of the Nagorno-Karabakh armed conflict. Monograph. Yerevan, Ukraine.
ICRC. 1958. Commentary of Article 14 of Geneva Convention III. Date of consultation: 19/08/2020.
KOVAL, Dmytro; AVRAMENKO, Roman. 2019. Features of the investigation of international crimes that have been committed in the conditions of the armed conflict in Donbas. War crimes. Kyiv, Ukraine.
KOZACHENKO, Oleksandr; SOTULA, Oleksandr; BIBLENKO, Vasyl; GIULYAKOV, Kostiantyn; BEREZNIAKOV, Oleksandr. 2021. “The substrate of criminal-legal influence” In: CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS. Vol. 39, No.68. рp. 443-464.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2001. Criminal Code of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine of April 5, 2001, № 2341-III. Available online. In: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/2341-14/print1469257658644343. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2003. Criminal Enforcement Code of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine of July 11, 2003, № 1129-IV. Available online. In: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1129-15. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2012. Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine of April 13, 2012, № 4651-VI. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2021. Explanatory note to the Law on protection of property rights and other real rights of persons, who are victims of armed aggression dated 01.03.2021 № 5177. Available online. In: https:// w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511= 71272. Date of consultation: 18/03/2021.
MINISTRY FOR REINTEGRATION OF THE TEMPORARY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES. 2021. A department for war crimes has been established in the the Procurator-General’s Office of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://mtot.gov.ua/v-gpu-stvoreno-departament-z-viskovih-zlochiniv. Date of consultation: 15/03/2021.
NAZARCHUK, Iryna. 2020. War crimes in the Donbass. What are the difficulties of investigating and bringing the perpetrators to justice? Available online. In: https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/war-crime- donbas-problems/30733783.html. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
ORDER OF THE MINISTER OF DEFENSE OF UKRAINE. 2004. Guide to the Application of International Humanitarian Law in the Armed Forces of Ukraine: Order of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine of September 11, 2004, № 400. p. 144. Kyiv, Ukraine.
ROME STATUTE. 2002. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of 16.01.2002. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/995_588. Date of consultation: 19/08/2020.
SENATOROVA, Oksana. 2018. Human rights and armed conflicts. textbook. p.208. Kyiv, Ukraine.
VAKHRUSHEV, Valentin. 1999. “Local wars and armed conflicts: nature and influence on the art of war” In: Military thought. Vol. 4, pp. 24-36.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1949. Convention on the Improvement of the Fate of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces of August 12, 1949. Available online. In: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_1. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child of November 20, 1989. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/995_021. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Child Protection: Law of Ukraine of April 26, 2001. № 2402-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/2402-14. Date of consultation: 18/08/2020.
YATSETIUK, Oleksandr. 2007. “Protection of women and children in international humanitarian law” In: International public and private law. Vol. 5, pp. 16-22.
Published
2021-12-17
How to Cite
Sosnina, O., Mykytiv, O., Mykytiv , H., Kolenichenko, T., & Holovach, A. (2021). Aspectos internacionales de la defensa de los derechos de las víctimas en condiciones del conflicto armado en el este de Ucrania. Political Questions, 39(71), 433-457. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.24
Section
Derecho Público
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