Protection of consumer rights in Ukraine
Protección de los derechos del consumidor en Ucrania
Palabras clave:
consumidores, bienes y servicios, protección de derechos, restauración de derechos vulnerados, garantias legales
Resumen
El artículo analiza los fundamentos conceptuales de la conformación de un sistema de protección de los derechos e intereses legítimos de los consumidores. Con la ayuda del método dialéctico, un complejo de métodos científicos generales y especiales, se ha aclarado la esencia de la protección legal civil de los derechos de los consumidores y los aspectos organizacionales, legales y económicos de la protección de estos. Se ha demostrado la necesidad de desarrollar y aprobar estándares unificados para la prestación de servicios financieros a los consumidores. También se han determinado las direcciones principales de la formación e implementación de la política de protección de los derechos del consumidor, en el campo del comercio y la prestación de servicios financieros, con énfasis en la digitalización de las relaciones legales relevantes. En las conclusiones se fundamenta la conveniencia de desarrollar y consolidar, a nivel normativo, el Programa Integral para la Implementación de la Política de Estado en la Protección de los Derechos de los Consumidores de Servicios Financieros para 2023-2027. Finalmente, se presentaron argumentos para complementar la legislación en el campo de las relaciones de consumo con otros actos jurídicos normativos a fin de garantizar la protección de los derechos de los consumidores.
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ABOUT ELECTRONIC COMMERCE. 2015. Law of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/675-19#Text. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
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DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366. 2015. Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market, amending Directives 2002/65/EC, 2009/110/ EC and 2013/36/EU and Regulation (EU) No. 1093/2010, and repealing Directive 2007/64/ EC. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015L2366. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE NO. 2005/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL. 2005. On unfair business practices to consumers in the domestic market, amending Council Directive No. 84/450/EEC, Directive No. 97/7/EC, No. 98/ 27/EC and No. 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and the Council, as well as to Regulation (EC) No. 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and the Council. Available online. In:https://www.jstor.org/stable/43958289#:~:text=Directive%20 2005%2F29%2FEC%20on%20Unfair%20Commercial%20Practices%20was%20adopted,in%20buying%20across%20the%20EU. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE NO. 2009/22/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2009. About Prohibitions Established By Authorized Bodies In Order To Stop Violations In The Field Of Protection Of Consumers’ Interests. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/m/ str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE NO. 2019/771 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2019. On Some Aspects Relating To Contracts For The Sale Of Goods, Amending Regulation (EU) No. 2017/2394 and Directive No. 2009/22/EC and repealing Directive No. 1999/44/EC. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_45878.\. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE NO. 93/13/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL. 1993. About Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DRAFT LAW No. 6576. 2022. On digital content and digital services. Available online. In: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/ webproc4_1?pf3511=73687. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DRAFT LAW No. 7309. 2022. On making changes to some legislative acts of Ukraine on ensuring the rights of business entities in the field of electronic trust services. Available online. In: https://itd.rada.gov.ua/ billInfo/Bills/Card/39455. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DRAFT LAW. 2021. On the protection of consumer rights. No. 6134 dated October 5, 2021. Available online. In: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/ zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=72932 Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
GOROKHOVA, Tatiana. 2021. “The impact of the development of digital technologies on consumer behavior” In: Herald of Agrarian Science of the Black Sea Region. Vol. 4, pp. 45 54.
GRECHANY, Oleg. 2022. Protection of consumer rights: specifics and procedural features. Available online In: http://legalweekly.com.ua/index.php?id=16061&show=news&&newsid=123311 Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
KREGUL, Yuriy; RADCHENKO, Olena. 2018. Protection of the rights of consumers of financial services. Monograph. Kyiv, Ukraine.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. About Advertising. No. 270/96-VR. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/270/96-
%D0%B2%D1%80#Text Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. On Protection from Unfair Competition. No. 236/96- VR. Available online. In: https://wipolex-res.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/ laws/en/ua/ua012en.pdf. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2005. On The Protection of Consumer Rights. As amended on December 1, 2005 No. 3161- IV. Available online. In: https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/T102300?an=605647&hide=true. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2016. On Consumer Lending. No. 1734-VIII. Available online. In: https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/ T161734?an=606&scop=13144&fcop=13425. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
MULYAR, Myroslava. 2019. Civil law regulation of consumer lending in Ukraine: dissertation. ... candidate law Sciences: 12.00.03. Civil law and civil process; family law; international private law; National Acad. rights of Sciences of Ukraine, private research institute law and entrepreneurship named after Acad. F. G. Burchak. Kyiv, Ukraine.
OLUYKO, Vitaliy; SAMSIN, Igor; STOHOVA, Olha; FILIPENKO Tatiana; FILIPENKO Anastasiia. 2022. ´´Fiscal decentralization practices in developing countries´´ In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 40, No. 73, pp. 128152.
ON ALTERNATIVE RESOLUTION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES AND AMENDMENTS TO REGULATION (EC). 2013. No. 2006/2004 and Directive No. 2009/22/EC. Directive No. 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov. ua/m/str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
ON CONSUMER PROTECTION WHEN DETERMINING PRICES FOR GOODS OFFERED TO CONSUMERS. 1998. Directive No. 98/6/EC of the European Parliament and the Council. Available online. In: https:// minjust.gov.ua/m/str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
ON CONSUMER RIGHTS, AMENDING COUNCIL. 2011. DIRECTIVE No. 93/13/EEC and Directive No. 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and Council and repealing Council Directive No. 85/577/EEC and Directive No. 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and Council. Directive No. 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
PITSURIA, Nino. 2020. Separate issues of digitization of relations regarding the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of consumers of non- banking financial services. Entrepreneurship, economy and law. No. 8. Kyiv, Ukraine.
REGULATION (EC) NO. 2017/2394. 2017. Of the European Parliament and the Council of 12.12.2017 on cooperation between national bodies responsible for the implementation of consumer protection laws and which repeals Regulation (EC) No. 2006/2004. Available online. In: https://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32017R2394. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
REGULATION (EU) 2016/679. 2016. Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
REGULATION (EU) No. 910/2014. 2014. Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 On Electronic Identification And Trust Services For Electronic Transactions In The Internal Market And Repealing Directive 1999/93/EC. Available online. In: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2014/910/contents. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
RESOLUTION OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2019. No. 856. REGULATIONS ON THE MINISTRY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE. Available online. In: http:// search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP190856.html. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
RESOLUTION OF THE CONSULTATIVE ASSEMBLY OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 1973. Charter of Consumer Protection, approved by the of May 17, 1973 No. 543. Available online. In: http://www.zonazakona. ru44KB. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
SATIR, Larisa; STADNIK, Leonid; NEPOCHATENKO, Andriy. 2020. Protection of consumer rights in the field of economy and organization of trade: conceptual foundations and economic analysis. Efficient economy. No. 8. Available online. In: http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
THE DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UKRAINE IN THE CASE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL APPEAL OF CITIZEN STEPANENKO ANDRIY MYKOLAYOVYCH REGARDING THE OFFICIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF PARA. 22, 23 ST. 1, ART. 11, PART 8 OF ART. 18, PART 3 OF ART. 22 OF THE LAW OF UKRAINE. 2011. “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” in relation to the provisions of Part 4 of Art. 42 of the Constitution of Ukraine (case on the protection of the rights of consumers of credit services) No. 15- рп/2011. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ v015p710-11#Text. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
WE ARE LAUNCHING GRANTS TO HELP BUSINESSES ON THE DIYA PORTAL / MINISTRY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: OFFICER. n/d. Site. Available online. In: https://thedigital.gov.ua/news/ zapuskaemo-granti-dlya-dopomogi-biznesu-… Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
WHAT IS A DIGITAL WALLET AND HOW DOES IT LEGALIZE E-DOCUMENTS THROUGHOUT THE EUROPEAN UNION? BIT. UA. n/d. Available online. In: https://bit.ua/blog_columns/european-digital-identity-wallet/. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, SET UNIVERSITY LAUNCHES RECRUITMENT FOR TRAINING IN CYBER SECURITY / MINISTRY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: OFFICER. n/d. Available online. In: https://cutt.ly/BJa3qIx. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
YANOVYTSKA, Halyna. 2021 Civil legal means of protecting consumer rights in Ukraine. Dissertation abstract for obtaining the scientific degree of Doctor of Legal Sciences, specialty 12.00.03 “Civil law and civil process; family law; international private law”. Lviv Ivan Franko National University. Lviv, Ukraine.
ABOUT ELECTRONIC COMMERCE. 2015. Law of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/675-19#Text. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
BELOVA, Iryna. 2020. Social and legal provision of electronic business. In: Vectors of innovative development of education. Their international scientific and practical conference., science and business in conditions of global changes. Kyiv, Ukraine.
BORNYAKOV, Oleksandr. 2022. Digital future of Ukraine after victory. Available online. In: https://www.epravda.com.ua/ columns/2022/06/21/688371/. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
CIVIL CODE OF UKRAINE. 2004. (Records of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VVR), 2004, Nos. 40-41, 42, Article 492). Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1618-15#Text. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE.1996. No. 254к/96-ВР Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 1996. No. 30. Art. 141. Available online.In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DECREE OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2019. No. 829. Some Issues Of Optimization Of The System Of Central Bodies Of Executive Power. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/829-2019-%D0%BF. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIGITAL 2022. GLOBAL OVERVIEW REPORT. 2022. Available online. In: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-global-overview-report. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366. 2015. Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market, amending Directives 2002/65/EC, 2009/110/ EC and 2013/36/EU and Regulation (EU) No. 1093/2010, and repealing Directive 2007/64/ EC. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015L2366. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE NO. 2005/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL. 2005. On unfair business practices to consumers in the domestic market, amending Council Directive No. 84/450/EEC, Directive No. 97/7/EC, No. 98/ 27/EC and No. 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and the Council, as well as to Regulation (EC) No. 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and the Council. Available online. In:https://www.jstor.org/stable/43958289#:~:text=Directive%20 2005%2F29%2FEC%20on%20Unfair%20Commercial%20Practices%20was%20adopted,in%20buying%20across%20the%20EU. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE NO. 2009/22/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2009. About Prohibitions Established By Authorized Bodies In Order To Stop Violations In The Field Of Protection Of Consumers’ Interests. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/m/ str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE NO. 2019/771 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2019. On Some Aspects Relating To Contracts For The Sale Of Goods, Amending Regulation (EU) No. 2017/2394 and Directive No. 2009/22/EC and repealing Directive No. 1999/44/EC. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_45878.\. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DIRECTIVE NO. 93/13/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL. 1993. About Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DRAFT LAW No. 6576. 2022. On digital content and digital services. Available online. In: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/ webproc4_1?pf3511=73687. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DRAFT LAW No. 7309. 2022. On making changes to some legislative acts of Ukraine on ensuring the rights of business entities in the field of electronic trust services. Available online. In: https://itd.rada.gov.ua/ billInfo/Bills/Card/39455. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
DRAFT LAW. 2021. On the protection of consumer rights. No. 6134 dated October 5, 2021. Available online. In: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/ zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=72932 Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
GOROKHOVA, Tatiana. 2021. “The impact of the development of digital technologies on consumer behavior” In: Herald of Agrarian Science of the Black Sea Region. Vol. 4, pp. 45 54.
GRECHANY, Oleg. 2022. Protection of consumer rights: specifics and procedural features. Available online In: http://legalweekly.com.ua/index.php?id=16061&show=news&&newsid=123311 Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
KREGUL, Yuriy; RADCHENKO, Olena. 2018. Protection of the rights of consumers of financial services. Monograph. Kyiv, Ukraine.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. About Advertising. No. 270/96-VR. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/270/96-
%D0%B2%D1%80#Text Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. On Protection from Unfair Competition. No. 236/96- VR. Available online. In: https://wipolex-res.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/ laws/en/ua/ua012en.pdf. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2005. On The Protection of Consumer Rights. As amended on December 1, 2005 No. 3161- IV. Available online. In: https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/T102300?an=605647&hide=true. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2016. On Consumer Lending. No. 1734-VIII. Available online. In: https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/ T161734?an=606&scop=13144&fcop=13425. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
MULYAR, Myroslava. 2019. Civil law regulation of consumer lending in Ukraine: dissertation. ... candidate law Sciences: 12.00.03. Civil law and civil process; family law; international private law; National Acad. rights of Sciences of Ukraine, private research institute law and entrepreneurship named after Acad. F. G. Burchak. Kyiv, Ukraine.
OLUYKO, Vitaliy; SAMSIN, Igor; STOHOVA, Olha; FILIPENKO Tatiana; FILIPENKO Anastasiia. 2022. ´´Fiscal decentralization practices in developing countries´´ In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 40, No. 73, pp. 128152.
ON ALTERNATIVE RESOLUTION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES AND AMENDMENTS TO REGULATION (EC). 2013. No. 2006/2004 and Directive No. 2009/22/EC. Directive No. 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov. ua/m/str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
ON CONSUMER PROTECTION WHEN DETERMINING PRICES FOR GOODS OFFERED TO CONSUMERS. 1998. Directive No. 98/6/EC of the European Parliament and the Council. Available online. In: https:// minjust.gov.ua/m/str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
ON CONSUMER RIGHTS, AMENDING COUNCIL. 2011. DIRECTIVE No. 93/13/EEC and Directive No. 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and Council and repealing Council Directive No. 85/577/EEC and Directive No. 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and Council. Directive No. 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_45878. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
PITSURIA, Nino. 2020. Separate issues of digitization of relations regarding the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of consumers of non- banking financial services. Entrepreneurship, economy and law. No. 8. Kyiv, Ukraine.
REGULATION (EC) NO. 2017/2394. 2017. Of the European Parliament and the Council of 12.12.2017 on cooperation between national bodies responsible for the implementation of consumer protection laws and which repeals Regulation (EC) No. 2006/2004. Available online. In: https://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32017R2394. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
REGULATION (EU) 2016/679. 2016. Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
REGULATION (EU) No. 910/2014. 2014. Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 On Electronic Identification And Trust Services For Electronic Transactions In The Internal Market And Repealing Directive 1999/93/EC. Available online. In: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2014/910/contents. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
RESOLUTION OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2019. No. 856. REGULATIONS ON THE MINISTRY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE. Available online. In: http:// search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP190856.html. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
RESOLUTION OF THE CONSULTATIVE ASSEMBLY OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 1973. Charter of Consumer Protection, approved by the of May 17, 1973 No. 543. Available online. In: http://www.zonazakona. ru44KB. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
SATIR, Larisa; STADNIK, Leonid; NEPOCHATENKO, Andriy. 2020. Protection of consumer rights in the field of economy and organization of trade: conceptual foundations and economic analysis. Efficient economy. No. 8. Available online. In: http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
THE DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UKRAINE IN THE CASE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL APPEAL OF CITIZEN STEPANENKO ANDRIY MYKOLAYOVYCH REGARDING THE OFFICIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF PARA. 22, 23 ST. 1, ART. 11, PART 8 OF ART. 18, PART 3 OF ART. 22 OF THE LAW OF UKRAINE. 2011. “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” in relation to the provisions of Part 4 of Art. 42 of the Constitution of Ukraine (case on the protection of the rights of consumers of credit services) No. 15- рп/2011. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ v015p710-11#Text. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
WE ARE LAUNCHING GRANTS TO HELP BUSINESSES ON THE DIYA PORTAL / MINISTRY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: OFFICER. n/d. Site. Available online. In: https://thedigital.gov.ua/news/ zapuskaemo-granti-dlya-dopomogi-biznesu-… Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
WHAT IS A DIGITAL WALLET AND HOW DOES IT LEGALIZE E-DOCUMENTS THROUGHOUT THE EUROPEAN UNION? BIT. UA. n/d. Available online. In: https://bit.ua/blog_columns/european-digital-identity-wallet/. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, SET UNIVERSITY LAUNCHES RECRUITMENT FOR TRAINING IN CYBER SECURITY / MINISTRY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: OFFICER. n/d. Available online. In: https://cutt.ly/BJa3qIx. Consultation date: 10/10/2022.
YANOVYTSKA, Halyna. 2021 Civil legal means of protecting consumer rights in Ukraine. Dissertation abstract for obtaining the scientific degree of Doctor of Legal Sciences, specialty 12.00.03 “Civil law and civil process; family law; international private law”. Lviv Ivan Franko National University. Lviv, Ukraine.
Publicado
2023-02-21
Cómo citar
Mykytenko, L., Tyshchenko, Y., Sevastyanenko, O., Demchuk , A., & Kolomiiets, K. (2023). Protection of consumer rights in Ukraine: Protección de los derechos del consumidor en Ucrania. Cuestiones Políticas, 41(76), 568-591. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.34
Sección
Derecho Público
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