Imaging diagnosis of liver cancer. Introduction to LI:RADS
Diagnóstico por imágenes del cáncer de hígado. Introducción al LI-RADS
Abstract
Diagnostic imaging plays a key role in all stages of the care and clinical management of patients with liver cancer, beginning with screening in a high-risk population, initial diagnosis and staging, image guided biopsy, surgical planning, and therapy evaluation of therapy response. The main modalities used are ultrasound (US), computed tomography (TC) and magnetic resonance (RM) with multiphasic intravenous contrast. This article will focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (CHC) since it is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver. Additionally, the cirrhotic patient deserves special attention due to its higher incidence of CHC, with difficulties related to its initial screening and diagnosis,which has motivated the development of the LI-RADS system, which facilitates the classification of findings, establishes imaging diagnosis of CHC, and gives diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.
Downloads
References
Peterson MS, Baron RL, Marsh JW Jr, Oliver JH 3rd, Confer SR, Hunt LE. Pretransplantation surveillance for possible hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: epidemiology and CT-based tumor detection rate in 430 cases with surgical pathologic correlation. Radiology. 2000 Dec;217(3):743-9. doi: 10.1148/radiology.217.3.r00dc28743. PMID: 11110938.
Tiferes, Dario Ariel, & D'Ippolito, Giuseppe (2008). Liver neoplasms: imaging characterization. Radiologia Brasileira, 41(2), 119-127.
Bartolotta TV, Taibbi A, Midiri M, Lagalla R. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of hepatocellular carcinoma: where do we stand? Ultrasonography. 2019 Jul;38(3):200-214. doi: 10.14366/usg.18060. Epub 2019 Feb 25. PMID: 31006227; PMCID: PMC6595127.
Bolog N, Andreisek G, Oancea I, Mangrau A. CT and MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2011 Jun;20(2):181-9. PMID: 21725516.
Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology 6th Edition 2-Volume Set. Andy Adam Adrian Dixon Jonathan Gillard Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop Ronald Grainger. eBook ISBN: 9780702061288. Imprint: Churchill Livingstone. 29th May 2014.
Baron RL, Peterson MS. From the RSNA refresher courses: screening the cirrhotic liver for hepatocellular carcinoma with CT and MR imaging: opportunities and pitfalls. Radiographics. 2001 Oct; 21 Spec No: S117-32. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.21.suppl_1.g01oc14s117. PMID: 11598252.
American College of Radiology. Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/LIRADS. Accessed April 29, 2021.
Purysko AS, Remer EM, Coppa CP, Leão Filho HM, Thupili CR, Veniero JC. LI-RADS: a case-based review of the new categorization of liver findings in patients with end-stage liver disease. Radiographics. 2012 Nov-Dec;32(7):1977-95. doi: 10.1148/rg.327125026. PMID: 23150853.
Chernyak V, Fowler KJ, Kamaya A, Kielar AZ, Elsayes KM, Bashir MR, Kono Y, Do RK, Mitchell DG, Singal AG, Tang A, Sirlin CB. Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Version 2018: Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in At-Risk Patients. Radiology. 2018 Dec;289(3):816-830. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018181494. Epub 2018 Sep 25. PMID: 30251931; PMCID: PMC6677371.
Furlan A, Marin D, Vanzulli A, Patera GP, Ronzoni A, Midiri M, Bazzocchi M, Lagalla R, Brancatelli G. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients at multidetector CT: hepatic venous phase versus delayed phase for the detection of tumour washout. Br J Radiol. 2011 May;84(1001):403-12. doi: 10.1259/bjr/18329080. Epub 2010 Nov 16. PMID: 21081569; PMCID: PMC3473662.
