Epidemiología de la enfermedad celíaca, grupos de riesgo y enfermedades asociadas

Epidemiology of celiac disease, risk group and associated disease

• Yennifer Mariat Socorro Pérez Hospital Vargas de Caracas, Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-3753

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10192011

Keywords: celiac disease, epidemiology, risk groups

Abstract

Celiac disease is a chronic, autoimmune disease with mucosal involvement of the small intestine, secondary to the inappropriate immune response after exposure to gluten, in people with genetic predisposition. The incidence of the disease is increasing, with a global seroprevalence and prevalence of 1-1.4% and 0.5 - 0.7% respectively; being more frequent in women, white race, and children, although it affects at any stage of life. The classic symptomatology with malabsorption symptoms is not always present, with a large group of patients who present non-classical or subclinical symptoms, so it is important to know the risk factors for a good screening, approach, and management of the disease. The risk groups associated with CD are those with first-degree relatives of CD, presence of HLA-DQ2 and HLA- DQ8, type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Selective IgA Deficiency, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Sjögren’s Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Addison’s Disease, Turner Syndrome, Williams Syndrome, iron deficiency anemia, elevated transaminases and female infertility without specified causes. Given the genetic and autoimmune component of CD shared by multiple pathologies, there is an association between a large group of diseases, being the most frequent type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, autoimmune Thyroiditis, autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Addison’s Disease, Sjögren’s Syndrome, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Down Syndrome, Enteropathy associated with T-cell Lymphoma.

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