Short Introduction to New World Primates
Keywords:
Primates, New Word, taxonomy, evolution, conservation
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a short introduction to American pri-
mates. With approximately two hundred known and classified species at the
moment, New World Primates constitutes an exceptional natural laboratory
to understand the evolution of our closest cousins; as well as interspecific
conflicts produced by human and non-human primates encounters. In this
direction, the paper will initially describe an introduction to current studies
on “neo-tropical” primates origins. In sequence, it will briefly enumerate and describe the diverse primate species inhabiting the continent, in order to highlight specie-specific characteristics. The last part of the paper will be voted at introducing the main dangers for these species conservation.
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References
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Carneiro da Cunha, M. y Almeida, M. (2002). Enciclopédia da Floresta: o Alto Juruá: práticas e conhecimentos das populações. São Paulo: Cia. das Letras.
Ciochon, R.L. e Chiarelli, A.B. (1980). Evolutionary Biology of New World
Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum Press.
Cormier, L (2006). A Preliminary Review of Neotropical Primates in the Subsistence and Symbolism of Indigenous Lowland South American Peoples. Ecol. Envir. Anthrop. 2: 14–32.
Defler, T. (2009). Some evolutionary tendencies of Neotropical primates.
Acta biol. Colomb. 14S: 399-414.
De Oliveira, F.B. Molina, E.C. e Marroig, G. (2009). Paleogeography of the
South Atlantic: a Route for Primates and Rodents into the New
World?. In: South American Primates. New York: Springer, pp. 55-68.
Estrada, A. (2009). Primate Conservation in South America: The Human
and Ecological Dimensions of the Problem. In: South American Pri-
mates. New York: Springer, pp. 463-505.
Estrada, A., Raboy, B.E. e Oliveira, L.C. (2012). Agroecosystems and Prima-
te Conservation in the Tropics: A Review. American Journal of Pri-
matology. 74: 696-711.
Estrada, A., Garber, P.A., Rylands, A.B., Roos, C. (2017). Impending extin-
tion crisis of the world’s primates: Why primates matter. Sci. Adv.
3:e1600946.
Fernandez-Duque, E., Di Fiore, A. e Huck, M. (2012). The Behavior, Ecology
and Social Evolution of New World Monkeys. In: The Evolution of Pri-
mate Societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 43-64.
Ferreira, L.V., Venticinque, E. e Almeida, S. (2005). O desmatamento na
Amazônia e a importância das áreas protegidas. Estud. Av. 19(53):
157-166.
Fleagle, J.G. y Reed, K.E. (1996). Comparing primate communities: a mul-
tivariate approach. Journal of Human Evolution. 30: 489– 510.
Fleagle, J.G. e Gilbert, C.P. (2006). The biogeography of primate evolution:
the role of plate tectonics, climate and chance. In Primate Biogeo-
graphy. New York: Springer, pp. 375–418.
Ford, S.N. (2006). The Biogeographic History of Mesoamenrican Prima-
tes. In: New perspectives in the study of Mesoamerican primates. New
York: Springer, pp. 81-114.
Garber, P.A. y Estrada, A. (2009). Advancing the Study of South American
Primates. In: South American Primates. New York: Springer, pp. 03-
19.
Gazin, C.L. (1958). A review of the Middle and Upper Eocene primates of
North America. Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 136: 01–112.
George, W.B. e Lavocat, R. (1993). The Africa-South America connection.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Guimarães Vieira, I.C., Cardoso da Silva, J.M. e Mann de Toledo, P. (2005).
Estratégias para evitar a perda de biodiversidade na Amazônia. Estud. Av. 19(54): 153-164.
Haq, B. U. (1981). Paleogene paleoceanography: Early Cenozoic oceans revisited. Oceanol. Acta 4: 71–82.
Henle, K., Davoes, K. F., Kleyer, M., Margules C. e Settele J. (2004). Predictors of species sensitivity to fragmentation. Biodiv. Cons. 13: 207–251.
Hershkovitz, P. (1977). Living New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini) with an Introduction to Primates. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Hoffstetter, R. (1969). Un primate de l’Oligocene inférieur sudamericain:
Branisella boliviana gen. et sp. nov. C. R. Acad. Sci. 269: 434-437.
Houle, A. (1998). Floating islands: a mode of long-distance dispersal for
small and medium-sized terrestrial vertebrates. Divers. Distrib. 4:201–216.
Kay, R. F., Ross, C. y Williams, B.A. (1997). Anthropoid origins. Science 275:797–804.
Kay, R.F., Fleagle, J.G., Mitchell, T.R.T., Colbert, M., Bown, T. e Powers, D.W. (2008). The anatomy of Dolichocebus gaimanensis, a stem platyrrhine monkey from Argentina. J. Hum. Evol. 54: 323-382.
Kinzey, W.G. e Kunningham, E.P. (1994). Variability in Platyrrhine Social
Organization. American Journal of Primatology. 34: 185-198.
Montoya-Sanhueza, G., Moreno, K., Bobe, R, Carrano, M.Y., Garcia, M., e
Corgne, A. (2017). Peltephilidae and Mesotheriidae (Mammalia)
from the late Miocene strata of Northern Chilean Andes, Caragua.
Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 75: 51-65.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. e kent, J.
(2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature. 403: 853-858.
Oliveira, L.C., Neves, L.G., Raboy, B.E. e Dietz, J.M. (2011). Abundance of
jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) affects group characteristics
and use of space by golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus
chrysomelas) in cabruca agroforest. Environ Manage. 48: 248–262.
Perelman, P., Johnson, W.E., Roos, C., Seuánez, H.N., Horvath, J.E., Morei-
ra, M.A.M., Kessing, B., Pontius, J., Roelke, M., Rumpler, Y., Schnei-
der, M.P.C., Silva, A., O’Brien, S.J. e Pecon-Slattery, J. (2011). A mole-
cular phylogeny of living primates. PLoS Genet. 7, e1001342.
Püschel, T.A., Gladman, J.T., Bobe, R. e Sellers W.I. (2017). The evolution of
the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phonetic affi-
nities of the Miocene platyirrhines with their modern relatives.
Journal of Human Evolution. 111: 179-201.
Rosenberger, A.L. (1983). Tail of tails: Parallelism and prehensility. Ameri-
can Journal of Physical Anthropology. 60: 103– 107.
Rosenberger, A.L., Hartwig, W.C. e Wolff, R.G. (1991). Szalatavus attricuspis,
an early platyrrhine primate. Folia Primatol. 56: 225-233.
Rosenberger, A.L., Tejedor, M.F., Cooke, S.B., e Pekar, S. (2009). Platyrrhine Ecophylogenetics in Space and Time. In: South American Primates. New York: Springer, pp. 69-113.
Schneider, H. y Sampaio, I. (2013). The systematics and evolution of New
World primates – A review. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1016/j.ympev.2013.10.017
Sclater, J.G., Hellinger, S. e Tapscott, C. (1977). Paleobathymetry of Atlan-
tic Ocean from Jurassic to Present. J. Geol. 85: 509–552.
Takai, M., Anaya, F., Shigehara, N. e Setoguchi, T. (2000). New fossil mate-
rials of the earliest new world monkey, Branisella boliviana, and
the problem of platyrrhine origins. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 111:
263–281.
Van Roosmalen, M.G.M., van Roosmalen, T. e Mittermeier, R.A. (2002). A ta-
xonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas,
1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhar-
di and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotrop.
Primates. 10: 01–52.
Wood, A.E. (1980). The origin of the caviomorph rodents from a source in
Middle America: a clue to the area of origin of the platyrrhine primates. In: Ciochon, R.L. e Chiarelli, A.B. (Eds.). Evolutionary Biology of New World Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 79–92.
Wright, S. J. y Muller-Landau, H. C. (2006). The future of tropical forest species. Biotropica 38: 267–301.
Zárate, D.A. 2(009). Primer estudio de las estrategias ecológicas de monos churucos (Lagothrix lagotricha) en bosques fragmentados (Guaviare, Colombia). MSc Thesis: Universidad de Los Andes.
Ayres, J.M. y Best, R (1979). Estratégias para a conservação da fauna amazônica. Acta Amazonica 9(4): 81-101.
Bollettin, P. (2011). Identità in Trasformazione. PhD Thesis: Università degli Studi di Siena.
Bond, M., Tejedor, M.F., Campbell Jr. K.E., Chornogubsky, L., Novo, N. e
Goin, F. (2015). Eocene primates of South America and the African
origins of New World monkeys. Nature. 520: 538-541.
Carneiro da Cunha, M. y Almeida, M. (2002). Enciclopédia da Floresta: o Alto Juruá: práticas e conhecimentos das populações. São Paulo: Cia. das Letras.
Ciochon, R.L. e Chiarelli, A.B. (1980). Evolutionary Biology of New World
Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum Press.
Cormier, L (2006). A Preliminary Review of Neotropical Primates in the Subsistence and Symbolism of Indigenous Lowland South American Peoples. Ecol. Envir. Anthrop. 2: 14–32.
Defler, T. (2009). Some evolutionary tendencies of Neotropical primates.
Acta biol. Colomb. 14S: 399-414.
De Oliveira, F.B. Molina, E.C. e Marroig, G. (2009). Paleogeography of the
South Atlantic: a Route for Primates and Rodents into the New
World?. In: South American Primates. New York: Springer, pp. 55-68.
Estrada, A. (2009). Primate Conservation in South America: The Human
and Ecological Dimensions of the Problem. In: South American Pri-
mates. New York: Springer, pp. 463-505.
Estrada, A., Raboy, B.E. e Oliveira, L.C. (2012). Agroecosystems and Prima-
te Conservation in the Tropics: A Review. American Journal of Pri-
matology. 74: 696-711.
Estrada, A., Garber, P.A., Rylands, A.B., Roos, C. (2017). Impending extin-
tion crisis of the world’s primates: Why primates matter. Sci. Adv.
3:e1600946.
Fernandez-Duque, E., Di Fiore, A. e Huck, M. (2012). The Behavior, Ecology
and Social Evolution of New World Monkeys. In: The Evolution of Pri-
mate Societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 43-64.
Ferreira, L.V., Venticinque, E. e Almeida, S. (2005). O desmatamento na
Amazônia e a importância das áreas protegidas. Estud. Av. 19(53):
157-166.
Fleagle, J.G. y Reed, K.E. (1996). Comparing primate communities: a mul-
tivariate approach. Journal of Human Evolution. 30: 489– 510.
Fleagle, J.G. e Gilbert, C.P. (2006). The biogeography of primate evolution:
the role of plate tectonics, climate and chance. In Primate Biogeo-
graphy. New York: Springer, pp. 375–418.
Ford, S.N. (2006). The Biogeographic History of Mesoamenrican Prima-
tes. In: New perspectives in the study of Mesoamerican primates. New
York: Springer, pp. 81-114.
Garber, P.A. y Estrada, A. (2009). Advancing the Study of South American
Primates. In: South American Primates. New York: Springer, pp. 03-
19.
Gazin, C.L. (1958). A review of the Middle and Upper Eocene primates of
North America. Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 136: 01–112.
George, W.B. e Lavocat, R. (1993). The Africa-South America connection.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Guimarães Vieira, I.C., Cardoso da Silva, J.M. e Mann de Toledo, P. (2005).
Estratégias para evitar a perda de biodiversidade na Amazônia. Estud. Av. 19(54): 153-164.
Haq, B. U. (1981). Paleogene paleoceanography: Early Cenozoic oceans revisited. Oceanol. Acta 4: 71–82.
Henle, K., Davoes, K. F., Kleyer, M., Margules C. e Settele J. (2004). Predictors of species sensitivity to fragmentation. Biodiv. Cons. 13: 207–251.
Hershkovitz, P. (1977). Living New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini) with an Introduction to Primates. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Hoffstetter, R. (1969). Un primate de l’Oligocene inférieur sudamericain:
Branisella boliviana gen. et sp. nov. C. R. Acad. Sci. 269: 434-437.
Houle, A. (1998). Floating islands: a mode of long-distance dispersal for
small and medium-sized terrestrial vertebrates. Divers. Distrib. 4:201–216.
Kay, R. F., Ross, C. y Williams, B.A. (1997). Anthropoid origins. Science 275:797–804.
Kay, R.F., Fleagle, J.G., Mitchell, T.R.T., Colbert, M., Bown, T. e Powers, D.W. (2008). The anatomy of Dolichocebus gaimanensis, a stem platyrrhine monkey from Argentina. J. Hum. Evol. 54: 323-382.
Kinzey, W.G. e Kunningham, E.P. (1994). Variability in Platyrrhine Social
Organization. American Journal of Primatology. 34: 185-198.
Montoya-Sanhueza, G., Moreno, K., Bobe, R, Carrano, M.Y., Garcia, M., e
Corgne, A. (2017). Peltephilidae and Mesotheriidae (Mammalia)
from the late Miocene strata of Northern Chilean Andes, Caragua.
Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 75: 51-65.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. e kent, J.
(2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature. 403: 853-858.
Oliveira, L.C., Neves, L.G., Raboy, B.E. e Dietz, J.M. (2011). Abundance of
jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) affects group characteristics
and use of space by golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus
chrysomelas) in cabruca agroforest. Environ Manage. 48: 248–262.
Perelman, P., Johnson, W.E., Roos, C., Seuánez, H.N., Horvath, J.E., Morei-
ra, M.A.M., Kessing, B., Pontius, J., Roelke, M., Rumpler, Y., Schnei-
der, M.P.C., Silva, A., O’Brien, S.J. e Pecon-Slattery, J. (2011). A mole-
cular phylogeny of living primates. PLoS Genet. 7, e1001342.
Püschel, T.A., Gladman, J.T., Bobe, R. e Sellers W.I. (2017). The evolution of
the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phonetic affi-
nities of the Miocene platyirrhines with their modern relatives.
Journal of Human Evolution. 111: 179-201.
Rosenberger, A.L. (1983). Tail of tails: Parallelism and prehensility. Ameri-
can Journal of Physical Anthropology. 60: 103– 107.
Rosenberger, A.L., Hartwig, W.C. e Wolff, R.G. (1991). Szalatavus attricuspis,
an early platyrrhine primate. Folia Primatol. 56: 225-233.
Rosenberger, A.L., Tejedor, M.F., Cooke, S.B., e Pekar, S. (2009). Platyrrhine Ecophylogenetics in Space and Time. In: South American Primates. New York: Springer, pp. 69-113.
Schneider, H. y Sampaio, I. (2013). The systematics and evolution of New
World primates – A review. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1016/j.ympev.2013.10.017
Sclater, J.G., Hellinger, S. e Tapscott, C. (1977). Paleobathymetry of Atlan-
tic Ocean from Jurassic to Present. J. Geol. 85: 509–552.
Takai, M., Anaya, F., Shigehara, N. e Setoguchi, T. (2000). New fossil mate-
rials of the earliest new world monkey, Branisella boliviana, and
the problem of platyrrhine origins. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 111:
263–281.
Van Roosmalen, M.G.M., van Roosmalen, T. e Mittermeier, R.A. (2002). A ta-
xonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas,
1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhar-
di and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotrop.
Primates. 10: 01–52.
Wood, A.E. (1980). The origin of the caviomorph rodents from a source in
Middle America: a clue to the area of origin of the platyrrhine primates. In: Ciochon, R.L. e Chiarelli, A.B. (Eds.). Evolutionary Biology of New World Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 79–92.
Wright, S. J. y Muller-Landau, H. C. (2006). The future of tropical forest species. Biotropica 38: 267–301.
Zárate, D.A. 2(009). Primer estudio de las estrategias ecológicas de monos churucos (Lagothrix lagotricha) en bosques fragmentados (Guaviare, Colombia). MSc Thesis: Universidad de Los Andes.
Published
2022-09-28
How to Cite
Forti, M. (2022). Short Introduction to New World Primates. Omnia, 24(3), 117-130. Retrieved from https://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/omnia/article/view/38873
Section
Ensayos
