Food Consumption In Children And Adolescents With Metabolic Syndrome

• Luisandra González Inciarte School of Nutrition and Dietetics. School of Medicine. University of Zulia (LUZ). Maracaibo, Venezuela
• Aida Souki Rincón School of Nutrition and Dietetics. School of Medicine. University of Zulia (LUZ). Maracaibo, Venezuela
• Doris García Camacho School of Nutrition and Dietetics. School of Medicine. University of Zulia (LUZ). Maracaibo, Venezuela
• Gabriel Ruiz Dr. Felix Gomez Endocrine Metabolic Research Center. Faculty of Medicine. University of Zulia (LUZ). Maracaibo, Venezuela
• Mariasanta Anzola Díaz School of Nutrition and Dietetics. School of Medicine. University of Zulia (LUZ). Maracaibo, Venezuela
• Isabel Zubillaga Castillo School of Nutrition and Dietetics. School of Medicine. University of Zulia (LUZ). Maracaibo, Venezuela

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13170195

Keywords: consumption, metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, triacylglycerides, blood pressure

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MS) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of premature death worldwide, and it is important to initiate prevention from early stages of life. The aim of the present descriptive field study, with a non-experimental/cross-sectional design, was to evaluate food consumption in children and adolescents with MS in a purposive sample of 138 subjects (6-17 years old) divided into two groups (without and with MS). All of them underwent a comprehensive evaluation, assessing clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and dietary parameters. For the statistical analysis we used the SPSS program, version 22 for Windows, the Student's t-test for independent samples and Pearson's correlation test (p<0.05). The results showed that 47.8% of the subjects with MS presented a high percentage of adequacy for protein (131.7%) and fat (119.0%); normal for calories (104.4%), and carbohydrates (97.2%), but very low for fiber (60.9%). There was no statistically significant difference in nutrient intake between the two groups. In the group with MS, a statistically significant correlation was observed between energy and macronutrient intake and the variables waist circumference, triacylglycerides and blood pressure, while fiber was only related to basal glycemia. In conclusion, the results suggest an association between calorie, protein, fat and fiber intake with the diagnostic criteria for MS.

References

Agirbasli, M., Tanrikulu, A. M., & Berenson, G. S. (2016). Metabolic syndrome: bridging the gap from childhood to adulthood. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 34(1), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-5922.12165

Agüero, T., González, L., Morínigo, M., Navarro, N. P., Maidana, M., Acosta, P., & González Vatteone, C. (2021). Frecuencia de Síndrome Metabólico en niños y adolescentes de una escuela de Asunción de acuerdo a distintas definiciones. Pediatría, 48(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.31698/ped.48012021005

Aguilar, M., Bhuket, T., Torres, S., Liu, B., & Wong, R. J. (2015). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2003-2012. JAMA, 313(19), 1973-74. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.4260
AMM, D. d. (25 de 02 de 2015). Asociación Médica Mundial. Retrieved 25 de 02 de 2024, from
Asociación Médica Mundial: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/

Bermudez, J., & Velasquez, C. (2014). Perfil de acidos grasos libres (AGL) en suero de jóvenes colombianos con obesidad y sindrome metabolico. Archivos latinoamericanos de nutricion (ALAN), 64(4). http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-06222014000400004&lng=es&tlng=es

Chacín, M., Carrillo, S., Rodríguez, J. E., Salazar, J., Rojas, J., Añez, R., . . . Bermúdez, V. (2019). Obesidad Infantil: Un problema de pequeños que se está volviendo grande. Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertensión, 14(5), 616-623. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/1702/170262877016/170262877016.pdf

Cho, J. H. (2023). The Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Children and Adolescents. . Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome, 32(2), 103–105. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes23025

Damasceno, M. M., Araujo, M. F., Freire de Freitas, R. W., Almeida, P. C., & Zanetti, M. L. (2011). The association between blood pressure in adolescents and the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fruit juice – an exploratory study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20, 1553–1560. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03608.x

Delfante, M. A. (2012). Sindrome Metabólico. En Nutricion clínica y dietoterapia (pág. 123). Buenos Aires: Editorial Medica Panamericana.

Drozdz, D., Alvarez-Pitti, J., Wójcik, M., Borghi, C., Gabbianelli, R., Mazur, A., . . . Wühl, E. (22 de Nov de 2021). Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: From Childhood to Adulthood. Nutrients, 13(11), 4176. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114176.

Edwards, C. A., Xie, C., & Garcia, A. L. (2015). Dietary fibre and health in children and adolescents. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 74(3), 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115002335

Friedewald, W., Levy, R., & Fredrickson, D. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem, 18(6), 499-502. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4337382/

Fulgoni, V. L., Brauchla, M., Fleige, L., & Chu, Y. (2020). Association of whole-grain and dietary fiber intake with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Nutrition and health, , 26(3), 243-251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0260106020928664

Garcia-Avendaño, P., & Perez, B. M. (2002). Perfil Antropometrico y control de calidad en Bioantropologia, Actividad Fisica y Salud. Caracas: Ediciones FACES/UCV.

Hernández, P., Ramírez, G., Vásquez, M., & Herrera-Cuenca, M. (2021). Patrones de consumo de frutas y hortalizas en la población urbana de Venezuela. Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética, 25(2), 165-176. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.25.2.1100

INN. (2012). Tabla de composicion de alimentos (1ra ed.). Caracas, Venezuela: Gente de Maiz.

INN, I. N. (2018). Valores de referencia, energía y nutrientes para la población venezolana (INN- Venezuela 2018 ed.). (E. O. Gutierrez, & D. Rivera, Edits.) Caracas: Gente de Maiz.

Jiayi, H., & Suijian, Q. (2015). Childhood obesity and food intake. World Journal of Pediatrics,, 11(2), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12519-015-0018-2

Koll, M. F. (2012). Indice glicemico. En L. Rodota, & M. Castro, Nutrición clinica y dietoterapia (págs. 195-197). Buenos Aires: Editorial Medica Panamericana.

Lizarzaburu R., J. C. (2013). Síndrome metabólico: concepto y aplicación práctica. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina, 74(4), 315-320. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-55832013000400009&lng=es&tlng=es.

Lotfi, K., Mohammadi, S., Mirzaei, S., Asadi, A., Akhlaghi, M., & Saneei, P. (2022). Dietary total, plant and animal protein intake in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents. Lotfi,
K., Mohammadi, S., Mirzaei, S., Asadi, A., Akhlaghi, M., & Saneei, P. (2022). Dietary total, plant and animal protein intake in relatScientific reports, 12(1), 10055. https://doi.o, 12(1), 10055. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14433-1

Neves, M., Souza, M., Gorgulho, B., Barbosa C., D., M. A., & Melo Rodrigues, P. (2021). Association of dietary patterns with blood pressure and body adiposity in adolescents: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr, 75, 1440-1453. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-00850-w

Nguyen, S., Choi K, H., Lustig, R. H., & Hsu, C.-y. (2009). Sugar Sweetened Beverages, Serum Uric Acid and Blood Pressure in Adolescents. J. Pediatr.Nacional Institute of Health, 154(6), 807-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.015

Ochoa, A., & Berge, J. M. (2017). Home environmental influences on childhood obesity in the Latino population: a decade review of literature. Jornal of Immigrant and Minority health, 19(2), 430-447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0539-3

OMS. (12 de Noviembre de 2007). Organización Mundial de la Salud 2007. Retrieved 30 de Octubre de 2022, from https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years/indicators/bmi-for-age

Pereira R, E. J., Melo- Ascanio, J., Caballero Ch, M., Rincon G, G., Jaimes M, T., & Niño S, R. (2016). Sindrome Metabólico. Apuntes de interés. Revista Cubana de cardiologia y cirugía cardiovascular, 22(2), 108-116. https://revcardiologia.sld.cu/index.php/revcardiologia/article/view/592/pdf_53

Pierlot, R., Cuevas R, E., Rodríguez A, J., Méndez H, P., & Martínez G, M. (2017). Prevalencia De Síndrome Metabólico En Niños Y Adolescentes En América. TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, 20(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recqb.2016.11.004

Quintero G, A. G., González R, G., Gutiérrez T, J., Puga D, R., & Villanueva S, J. (Jul de 2018). Prevalencia de conductas alimentarias de riesgo y síndrome metabólico en escolares adolescentes del estado de Morelos. Nutr Hosp, 35(4), 796-804. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.1618

Reynolds, A. N., Akerman, A. P., & Mann, J. (2020). Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: Systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS medicine, 17(3), e1003053. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003053

Souki, A., García, D., Parra, A., Valbuena, M., Araujo, S., Ruiz, G., . . . Bermúdez, V. (2018). El consumo de fibra dietética está inversamente asociado con el estado nutricional antropométrico y con los componentes del Síndrome Metabólico en niños y adolescentes. Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertensión, 13(2), 78-88. https://www.revhipertension.com/rlh_2_2018/12_el_consumo_de_fibre_dietetica.pdf

SVPP, S. V. (1993). Retrieved mayo de 2022, from Sociedad Venezolana de Puericultura y Pediatría: http://www.svpediatria.org/secciones/publicaciones/gmc/

Vargas, M. E., Souki, A., Ruiz, G., García, D., Mengual, E., González, C. C., . . . González, L. (2011). Percentiles de circunferencia de cintura en niños y adolescentes del municipio Maracaibo del Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición, 24(1). http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0798-07522011000100003&lng=es&tlng=es.

Velasco-Estrada, A., Orozco-Gonzalez, C., & Zuniga-Torres, G. (2018). Asociacion de calidad de dieta y obesidad. PSM, 16(1), 132-151. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/psm.v1i1.32285

Velázquez-López, L., Santiago-Díaz, G., Nava-Hernández, J., Muñoz-Torres, A. V., Medina-Bravo, P., & Torres-Tamayo, M. (2014). Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity. BMC pediatrics, 14, 175. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-175