Procedimiento de Ensayo de Desgaste Microabrasivo para la Caracterización de Materiales Ferrosos de Alta Dureza

Tamara María Ortiz Méndez; Dayán Montero-Madán; Amado  Cruz-Crespo; Jorge Víctor Miguel-Oria

doi:10.22209/rt.v47a03

Tamara María Ortiz Méndez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1529-8570
Dayán Montero-Madán https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-8076
Amado Cruz-Crespo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-9853
Jorge Víctor Miguel-Oria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-7434

Keywords: abrasive wear, ball cratering microabrasive wear test, wear resistance

Abstract

The ball cratering microabrasive wear test is a method whose feasibility in wear resistance characterization of metallic materials has been demonstrated in numerous investigations; however, there is still no standard that establishes the procedure for its application. This leads to the need the need to establish a test procedure suitable for specific applications. In the present work a microabrasive test procedure was obtained aimed at the characterization of high alloy and hardness ferrous materials, validated by the quality of wear mark, the behavior of the crater diameter with respect to the test time and the dispersion of the measurement results. It was demonstrated that, by using alumina as abrasive, with concentration of 10 g per 100 ml of water, dripping frequency of 1 drops/5 sec, test force of 0.27 N, shaft rotation speed of 80 rpm and test time of 10 min, reliable measurements are obtained in a permanent wear regime. It was also found that there is a correspondence between the hardness and the microstructure of the material with the dispersion of the results and the average size of the wear track.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Tamara María Ortiz Méndez

Mechanical Engineer, Master of Science in Welding specialty and PhD in Technical Sciences. She works as a Professor at the Welding Research Center of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas. Her teaching work is related fundamentally to the Technological Processes of Manufacturing, Welding Technology and Reconditioning of Parts by welding, with an experience of 25 years in these subjects. She works in the research lines of Development of New Materials and Reconditioning of Parts. She has tutored numerous diploma works in option to the title of Mechanical Engineer, as well as participated in the direction of master's thesis, in addition, she has numerous publications in indexed journals and participations in international events. Author of several research and innovation awards, including an Annual Award of the Cuban Academy of Sciences.

Dayán Montero-Madán

Mechanical Engineer, with experience working in the Industry, among them the Concrete Manufacturing Company and the Construction Engineering Works Company, both in Villa Clara. In the research aspect, he has collaborated with the Welding Research Center of the UCLV, in the development of equipment for the characterization of the wear resistance of materials, as well as in the development of procedures for their use.

Amado Cruz-Crespo

Professor and Researcher at the Welding Research Center of the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas (UCLV). Received the BSc Eng. and MSc. in Ferrous Metals from the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Russia. Master in Mechanical Engineering "Mention Welding" from the UCLV, Cuba. PhD in Metallurgy from the Mining-Metallurgical Institute of Moa, Cuba. He has made several postdoctoral stays in Brazil and has been Visiting Professor at Universities in Nicaragua, Chile and Brazil. He is a Member of the Doctoral Committee “Metallurgy and Material” and “Mechanical Engineer” Programs of Moa University and UCLV, respectively. He is Executive Secretary of the Territorial Program of Industries of the Ministry of Sciences, Technology and Environment of Villa Clara, Cuba. He has been the tutor of several doctoral and master's theses about the development of ferroalloys and consumables for welding and hardfacing, the development of alloys and studies of weldability of armor steels. He has led several research projects. He is the author of several invention patents. He has several awards, including five Annuals from the Cuban Academy of Sciences. He teaches undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Materials Science, Welding Metallurgy and Tribology.

Jorge Víctor Miguel-Oria

Researcher at the Welding Research Center of the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas (UCLV). Graduated in Metals Physics at UCLV, Cuba. He has collaborated in the execution of experimental works of several degree, master and doctorate thesis, related to microstructural characterization, mechanical testing, failure analysis and heat treatment. He has participated in several research projects and technology transfer to industry, is the author of several materials characterization procedures, as well as and co-author of several journal articles and papers in international events. Author of several research and innovation awards, including an Annual Award of the Cuban Academy of Sciences. He participates in the teaching of undergraduate and graduate laboratory practices in Materials Science.

References

Adachi, K., Hutching, I. M. (2003). Wear-mode mapping for micro-scale abrasion test. Wear, 2555, 23-29.

Adachi, K., Hutchings, I. M. (2005). Sensitivity of wear rates in the micro-scale abrasion test to test conditions and material hardness. Wear, 258, 318-321.

ASTM E384. (2017). Standard test method for microindentation hardness of materials. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).

ASTM E3. (2001). Standard guide for preparation of metallographic specimens. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).

ASTM-E407. (2007). Standard practice for microetching metals and alloys. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).

ASTM A532. (2019). Standard specification for abrasion-resistant cast irons. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).

ASTM G40. (2002). Standard terminology relating to wear and erosion. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).

ASTM G65. (2021). Standard test method for measuring abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).

Badisch, E., Mitterer, C. (2003). Abrasive wear of high-speed steels: influence of abrasive particles and primary carbides on wear resistance. Tribology International, 36, 765-770.

Bethke, R., Schiffmann, K. (2001). Ball cratering wear test: review of the state of the art. Braunschweig: Fraunhofer Institut fur Schicht und Oberflachentechnik.

BS EN 1071-6. (2007). Advanced technical ceramics. Methods of test for ceramic coatings. Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test. London: British Standards Institution (BSI).

Cardoso, P. H. S., Israel, C. L., Strohaecker, T. R. (2014). Abrasive wear in austempered ductile irons: a comparison with white cast irons. Wear, 313, 29-33.

Chatterjee, S., Pal, T. K. (2003). Wear behavior of hardfacing deposits on cast iron. Wear, 255, 417-425.

Coronado, J. J., Caicedo, H. F., Gómez, A. L. (2009). The effects of welding processes on abrasive wear resistance for hardfacing deposits. Tribology International, 42, 745-749.

Cozza, R. C. (2006). Estudo do comportamento do coeficiente de desgaste e dos modos de desgaste abrasivo em ensaios de desgaste micro-abrasivo. Tesis de maestría. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo.

Cozza, R. C. (2013a). A study on friction coefficient and wear coefficient of coated systems submitted to micro-scale abrasion tests. Surface & Coatings Technology, 215, 224-233.

Cozza, R. C. (2013b). Análise sobre a reprodutibilidade de resultados e fragmentação de partículas abrasivas em ensaios ball-cratering. Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração, 10(2), 103-111.

Cozza, R. C., de Mello, J. D. B., Tanaka, D. K., Souza, R. M. (2007). Relationship between test severity and wear mode transition in micro-abrasive wear tests. Wear, 263, 111-116.

Cozza, R. C., Tanaka, D. K., Souza, R. M. (2009). Friction coefficient and abrasive wear modes in ball-cratering tests conducted at constant normal force and constant pressure -Preliminary results. Wear, 267, 61-70.

Cozza, R. C., Martins Souza, R., Katsuki Tanaka, D. (2005). Wear mode transition during the micro-scale abrasion of WC-Co P20 and M2 tool steel. 18th International Congress of Mechanical. Ouro Preto: COBEM Ed. ABCM, 6-11.

De Mello, J. D., Polycarpou, A. (2010). Abrasive wear mechanisms of multi-components ferrous alloys abraded by soft, fine abrasive particles. Wear, 269, 911-920.

Dieter, G. E. (Ed.). (1997) Materials, selection and sesign. ASM Handbook. Vol. 20. Ohio: ASM International.

Gant, A. J., Gee, M. G. (2011). A review of micro-scale abrasion testing. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 44(7), 7-30.

Gee, M. G., Gant, A., Hutchings, I., Bethke, R., Schiffman, K., Van Acker, K., Poulat, S., Gachon, Y., Von, S. J. (2003). Progress towards standardisation of ball cratering. Wear, 255, 1-13.

GOST 5950. (2000). Tool alloy steel bars, strips and coils. General specifications. Moscow: Gosudarstvenny Standart (GOST).

ISO 26424. (2008). Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-scale abrasion test. 1st edition. Geneva: International Standard Organization (ISO).

Kuhn, H., Medlin, D. (Eds.). (2000). Mechanical testing and evaluation. ASM Handbook. Vol. 08. Ohio: ASM International.

León Sevilla, L. M., Gutiérrez Pineda, J. C., Toro, A. (2004). Relación microestructura resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos duros ricos en cromo y tungsteno aplicados por soldadura eléctrica (SMAW). Dyna, 71(144), 165-171.

López Escobar, I. P., Ortiz Méndez, T. M., Cruz Crespo, A. (2022). Desarrollo de un equipo de ensayo microabrasivo con esfera rotativa libre para la evaluación de depósitos de recargue. Revista Centro Azúcar, 49(4), 80-90.

Mendez, P. F., Barnes, N., Bell, K., Borle, S. D., Gajapathi, S. S., Guest, S. D., Izadi, H., Gol, A. K, Wood, G. (2014). Welding processes for wear resistant overlays. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 16, 4-25.

Ortiz Méndez, T., Cruz Crespo, A., Rodríguez, M. (2019). Efecto del número de pasadas sobre el desempeño al desgaste micro-abrasivo de depósitos de recargue obtenidos con un electrodo tubular revestido experimental. Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia, 42(1), 19-26.

Rodríguez Torres, Y. (2019) Fabricación de un equipo de ensayo de desgaste microabrasivo con esfera rotativa. Tesis de grado. Santa Clara: Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de las Villas.

Silva, F. J. G., Casais, R. B., Martinho, R. P., Baptista, A. P. M. (2011). Role of abrasive material on micro-abrasion wear tests. Wear, 271, 2632-2639.

Singla, Y. K., Chhibber, R., Arora, N. (2017). On the microstructure and wear behavior of Fe–xCr–4Mn–3C hardfacing alloys. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 70(6), 1555-1561.

Stachowiak, G. B., Stachowiak, G. W., Brandt, J. M. (2006). Ball-cratering abrasion tests with large abrasive particles. Tribology International, 39, 1-11.

Stachowiak, G. B., Stachowiak, G. W., Celliers, O. (2005). Ball-cratering abrasion tests of high-Cr white cast irons. Tribology International, 38, 1076-1087.

Trezona, R. I., Hutchings, I. M. (1999). Three-body abrasive wear testing of soft materials. Wear, 233-235, 209-221.

Turenne, S., Lavallée, F., Masounave, J. (1989). Matrix microstructure effect on the abrasion wear resistance of high-chromium white cast iron. Journal of Materials Science, 24, 3021-3028.

Vander Voort, G. F. (Ed.). (2004). Metallography and microstructures. ASM Handbook. Vol. 9. 10th Edition. Ohio: ASM International.

Wang, Q., Li, X. (2010). Effects of Nb, V, and W on microstructure and abrasion resistance of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys. Welding Journal, 89, 133s-139s.

Microabrasive Wear Test Procedure for Characterization of High Hardness Ferrous Materials

Abstract

Downloads

Author Biographies

References