Procedimento de Teste de Desgaste Microabrasivo para Caracterização de Materiais Ferrosos de Alta Dureza
Palavras-chave:
desgaste abrasivo, ensaio de desgaste microabrasivo com esfera rotativa, resistência ao desgaste
Resumo
O ensaio de desgaste microabrasivo com esfera rotativa, é um método cuja viabilidade em caracterizar a resistência ao desgaste de materiais metálicos foi demonstrada em inúmeras investigações; Porém, não existe uma norma que estabeleça o procedimento para sua aplicação. O acima exposto leva à necessidade de estabelecer um procedimento de teste apropriado para aplicações específicas. No presente trabalho é proposto um procedimento de ensaio microabrasivo voltado à caracterização de materiais ferrosos altamente ligados e duros, validado pela qualidade das marcas de desgaste, pelo comportamento do diâmetro em relação ao tempo de ensaio e pela dispersão dos resultados. das medições. Foi demonstrado que, utilizando alumina como abrasivo, com concentração de 10 g por 100 ml de água, frequência de gotejamento de 1 gota/5 seg, força de teste de 0,27 N, velocidade de rotação do eixo de 80 rpm e tempo de teste de 10 min, medições confiáveis são obtidas em regime de desgaste permanente. Foi comprobado também que existe uma correspondência entre a dureza e microestrutura do material com a dispersão dos resultados e o tamanho médio da marca de desgaste.
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Referências
Adachi, K., Hutching, I. M. (2003). Wear-mode mapping for micro-scale abrasion test. Wear, 2555, 23-29.
Adachi, K., Hutchings, I. M. (2005). Sensitivity of wear rates in the micro-scale abrasion test to test conditions and material hardness. Wear, 258, 318-321.
ASTM E384. (2017). Standard test method for microindentation hardness of materials. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM E3. (2001). Standard guide for preparation of metallographic specimens. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM-E407. (2007). Standard practice for microetching metals and alloys. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM A532. (2019). Standard specification for abrasion-resistant cast irons. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM G40. (2002). Standard terminology relating to wear and erosion. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM G65. (2021). Standard test method for measuring abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
Badisch, E., Mitterer, C. (2003). Abrasive wear of high-speed steels: influence of abrasive particles and primary carbides on wear resistance. Tribology International, 36, 765-770.
Bethke, R., Schiffmann, K. (2001). Ball cratering wear test: review of the state of the art. Braunschweig: Fraunhofer Institut fur Schicht und Oberflachentechnik.
BS EN 1071-6. (2007). Advanced technical ceramics. Methods of test for ceramic coatings. Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test. London: British Standards Institution (BSI).
Cardoso, P. H. S., Israel, C. L., Strohaecker, T. R. (2014). Abrasive wear in austempered ductile irons: a comparison with white cast irons. Wear, 313, 29-33.
Chatterjee, S., Pal, T. K. (2003). Wear behavior of hardfacing deposits on cast iron. Wear, 255, 417-425.
Coronado, J. J., Caicedo, H. F., Gómez, A. L. (2009). The effects of welding processes on abrasive wear resistance for hardfacing deposits. Tribology International, 42, 745-749.
Cozza, R. C. (2006). Estudo do comportamento do coeficiente de desgaste e dos modos de desgaste abrasivo em ensaios de desgaste micro-abrasivo. Tesis de maestría. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo.
Cozza, R. C. (2013a). A study on friction coefficient and wear coefficient of coated systems submitted to micro-scale abrasion tests. Surface & Coatings Technology, 215, 224-233.
Cozza, R. C. (2013b). Análise sobre a reprodutibilidade de resultados e fragmentação de partículas abrasivas em ensaios ball-cratering. Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração, 10(2), 103-111.
Cozza, R. C., de Mello, J. D. B., Tanaka, D. K., Souza, R. M. (2007). Relationship between test severity and wear mode transition in micro-abrasive wear tests. Wear, 263, 111-116.
Cozza, R. C., Tanaka, D. K., Souza, R. M. (2009). Friction coefficient and abrasive wear modes in ball-cratering tests conducted at constant normal force and constant pressure -Preliminary results. Wear, 267, 61-70.
Cozza, R. C., Martins Souza, R., Katsuki Tanaka, D. (2005). Wear mode transition during the micro-scale abrasion of WC-Co P20 and M2 tool steel. 18th International Congress of Mechanical. Ouro Preto: COBEM Ed. ABCM, 6-11.
De Mello, J. D., Polycarpou, A. (2010). Abrasive wear mechanisms of multi-components ferrous alloys abraded by soft, fine abrasive particles. Wear, 269, 911-920.
Dieter, G. E. (Ed.). (1997) Materials, selection and sesign. ASM Handbook. Vol. 20. Ohio: ASM International.
Gant, A. J., Gee, M. G. (2011). A review of micro-scale abrasion testing. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 44(7), 7-30.
Gee, M. G., Gant, A., Hutchings, I., Bethke, R., Schiffman, K., Van Acker, K., Poulat, S., Gachon, Y., Von, S. J. (2003). Progress towards standardisation of ball cratering. Wear, 255, 1-13.
GOST 5950. (2000). Tool alloy steel bars, strips and coils. General specifications. Moscow: Gosudarstvenny Standart (GOST).
ISO 26424. (2008). Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-scale abrasion test. 1st edition. Geneva: International Standard Organization (ISO).
Kuhn, H., Medlin, D. (Eds.). (2000). Mechanical testing and evaluation. ASM Handbook. Vol. 08. Ohio: ASM International.
León Sevilla, L. M., Gutiérrez Pineda, J. C., Toro, A. (2004). Relación microestructura resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos duros ricos en cromo y tungsteno aplicados por soldadura eléctrica (SMAW). Dyna, 71(144), 165-171.
López Escobar, I. P., Ortiz Méndez, T. M., Cruz Crespo, A. (2022). Desarrollo de un equipo de ensayo microabrasivo con esfera rotativa libre para la evaluación de depósitos de recargue. Revista Centro Azúcar, 49(4), 80-90.
Mendez, P. F., Barnes, N., Bell, K., Borle, S. D., Gajapathi, S. S., Guest, S. D., Izadi, H., Gol, A. K, Wood, G. (2014). Welding processes for wear resistant overlays. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 16, 4-25.
Ortiz Méndez, T., Cruz Crespo, A., Rodríguez, M. (2019). Efecto del número de pasadas sobre el desempeño al desgaste micro-abrasivo de depósitos de recargue obtenidos con un electrodo tubular revestido experimental. Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia, 42(1), 19-26.
Rodríguez Torres, Y. (2019) Fabricación de un equipo de ensayo de desgaste microabrasivo con esfera rotativa. Tesis de grado. Santa Clara: Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de las Villas.
Silva, F. J. G., Casais, R. B., Martinho, R. P., Baptista, A. P. M. (2011). Role of abrasive material on micro-abrasion wear tests. Wear, 271, 2632-2639.
Singla, Y. K., Chhibber, R., Arora, N. (2017). On the microstructure and wear behavior of Fe–xCr–4Mn–3C hardfacing alloys. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 70(6), 1555-1561.
Stachowiak, G. B., Stachowiak, G. W., Brandt, J. M. (2006). Ball-cratering abrasion tests with large abrasive particles. Tribology International, 39, 1-11.
Stachowiak, G. B., Stachowiak, G. W., Celliers, O. (2005). Ball-cratering abrasion tests of high-Cr white cast irons. Tribology International, 38, 1076-1087.
Trezona, R. I., Hutchings, I. M. (1999). Three-body abrasive wear testing of soft materials. Wear, 233-235, 209-221.
Turenne, S., Lavallée, F., Masounave, J. (1989). Matrix microstructure effect on the abrasion wear resistance of high-chromium white cast iron. Journal of Materials Science, 24, 3021-3028.
Vander Voort, G. F. (Ed.). (2004). Metallography and microstructures. ASM Handbook. Vol. 9. 10th Edition. Ohio: ASM International.
Wang, Q., Li, X. (2010). Effects of Nb, V, and W on microstructure and abrasion resistance of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys. Welding Journal, 89, 133s-139s.
Adachi, K., Hutchings, I. M. (2005). Sensitivity of wear rates in the micro-scale abrasion test to test conditions and material hardness. Wear, 258, 318-321.
ASTM E384. (2017). Standard test method for microindentation hardness of materials. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM E3. (2001). Standard guide for preparation of metallographic specimens. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM-E407. (2007). Standard practice for microetching metals and alloys. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM A532. (2019). Standard specification for abrasion-resistant cast irons. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM G40. (2002). Standard terminology relating to wear and erosion. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
ASTM G65. (2021). Standard test method for measuring abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus. West Conshohocken: American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).
Badisch, E., Mitterer, C. (2003). Abrasive wear of high-speed steels: influence of abrasive particles and primary carbides on wear resistance. Tribology International, 36, 765-770.
Bethke, R., Schiffmann, K. (2001). Ball cratering wear test: review of the state of the art. Braunschweig: Fraunhofer Institut fur Schicht und Oberflachentechnik.
BS EN 1071-6. (2007). Advanced technical ceramics. Methods of test for ceramic coatings. Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test. London: British Standards Institution (BSI).
Cardoso, P. H. S., Israel, C. L., Strohaecker, T. R. (2014). Abrasive wear in austempered ductile irons: a comparison with white cast irons. Wear, 313, 29-33.
Chatterjee, S., Pal, T. K. (2003). Wear behavior of hardfacing deposits on cast iron. Wear, 255, 417-425.
Coronado, J. J., Caicedo, H. F., Gómez, A. L. (2009). The effects of welding processes on abrasive wear resistance for hardfacing deposits. Tribology International, 42, 745-749.
Cozza, R. C. (2006). Estudo do comportamento do coeficiente de desgaste e dos modos de desgaste abrasivo em ensaios de desgaste micro-abrasivo. Tesis de maestría. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo.
Cozza, R. C. (2013a). A study on friction coefficient and wear coefficient of coated systems submitted to micro-scale abrasion tests. Surface & Coatings Technology, 215, 224-233.
Cozza, R. C. (2013b). Análise sobre a reprodutibilidade de resultados e fragmentação de partículas abrasivas em ensaios ball-cratering. Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração, 10(2), 103-111.
Cozza, R. C., de Mello, J. D. B., Tanaka, D. K., Souza, R. M. (2007). Relationship between test severity and wear mode transition in micro-abrasive wear tests. Wear, 263, 111-116.
Cozza, R. C., Tanaka, D. K., Souza, R. M. (2009). Friction coefficient and abrasive wear modes in ball-cratering tests conducted at constant normal force and constant pressure -Preliminary results. Wear, 267, 61-70.
Cozza, R. C., Martins Souza, R., Katsuki Tanaka, D. (2005). Wear mode transition during the micro-scale abrasion of WC-Co P20 and M2 tool steel. 18th International Congress of Mechanical. Ouro Preto: COBEM Ed. ABCM, 6-11.
De Mello, J. D., Polycarpou, A. (2010). Abrasive wear mechanisms of multi-components ferrous alloys abraded by soft, fine abrasive particles. Wear, 269, 911-920.
Dieter, G. E. (Ed.). (1997) Materials, selection and sesign. ASM Handbook. Vol. 20. Ohio: ASM International.
Gant, A. J., Gee, M. G. (2011). A review of micro-scale abrasion testing. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 44(7), 7-30.
Gee, M. G., Gant, A., Hutchings, I., Bethke, R., Schiffman, K., Van Acker, K., Poulat, S., Gachon, Y., Von, S. J. (2003). Progress towards standardisation of ball cratering. Wear, 255, 1-13.
GOST 5950. (2000). Tool alloy steel bars, strips and coils. General specifications. Moscow: Gosudarstvenny Standart (GOST).
ISO 26424. (2008). Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-scale abrasion test. 1st edition. Geneva: International Standard Organization (ISO).
Kuhn, H., Medlin, D. (Eds.). (2000). Mechanical testing and evaluation. ASM Handbook. Vol. 08. Ohio: ASM International.
León Sevilla, L. M., Gutiérrez Pineda, J. C., Toro, A. (2004). Relación microestructura resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos duros ricos en cromo y tungsteno aplicados por soldadura eléctrica (SMAW). Dyna, 71(144), 165-171.
López Escobar, I. P., Ortiz Méndez, T. M., Cruz Crespo, A. (2022). Desarrollo de un equipo de ensayo microabrasivo con esfera rotativa libre para la evaluación de depósitos de recargue. Revista Centro Azúcar, 49(4), 80-90.
Mendez, P. F., Barnes, N., Bell, K., Borle, S. D., Gajapathi, S. S., Guest, S. D., Izadi, H., Gol, A. K, Wood, G. (2014). Welding processes for wear resistant overlays. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 16, 4-25.
Ortiz Méndez, T., Cruz Crespo, A., Rodríguez, M. (2019). Efecto del número de pasadas sobre el desempeño al desgaste micro-abrasivo de depósitos de recargue obtenidos con un electrodo tubular revestido experimental. Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia, 42(1), 19-26.
Rodríguez Torres, Y. (2019) Fabricación de un equipo de ensayo de desgaste microabrasivo con esfera rotativa. Tesis de grado. Santa Clara: Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de las Villas.
Silva, F. J. G., Casais, R. B., Martinho, R. P., Baptista, A. P. M. (2011). Role of abrasive material on micro-abrasion wear tests. Wear, 271, 2632-2639.
Singla, Y. K., Chhibber, R., Arora, N. (2017). On the microstructure and wear behavior of Fe–xCr–4Mn–3C hardfacing alloys. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 70(6), 1555-1561.
Stachowiak, G. B., Stachowiak, G. W., Brandt, J. M. (2006). Ball-cratering abrasion tests with large abrasive particles. Tribology International, 39, 1-11.
Stachowiak, G. B., Stachowiak, G. W., Celliers, O. (2005). Ball-cratering abrasion tests of high-Cr white cast irons. Tribology International, 38, 1076-1087.
Trezona, R. I., Hutchings, I. M. (1999). Three-body abrasive wear testing of soft materials. Wear, 233-235, 209-221.
Turenne, S., Lavallée, F., Masounave, J. (1989). Matrix microstructure effect on the abrasion wear resistance of high-chromium white cast iron. Journal of Materials Science, 24, 3021-3028.
Vander Voort, G. F. (Ed.). (2004). Metallography and microstructures. ASM Handbook. Vol. 9. 10th Edition. Ohio: ASM International.
Wang, Q., Li, X. (2010). Effects of Nb, V, and W on microstructure and abrasion resistance of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys. Welding Journal, 89, 133s-139s.
Publicado
2024-05-30
Como Citar
Ortiz Méndez, T. M., Montero-Madán, D., Cruz-Crespo, A. e Miguel-Oria, J. V. (2024) «Procedimento de Teste de Desgaste Microabrasivo para Caracterização de Materiais Ferrosos de Alta Dureza», Revista Técnica da Faculdade de Engenharia da de Zulia, 47, p. e244703. doi: 10.22209/rt.v47a03.
Edição
Secção
Artículos de Investigación
Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Valentina Millano González
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