Juicios en dilemas éticos por estudiantes de negocios de una universidad estatal chilena / Trials in ethical dilemmas by business students of a Chilean state university

• Francisco GANGA-CONTRERAS Universidad de Los Lagos
• Nataly GUIÑEZ-CABRERA Universidad del Bío-Bío
• Héctor VARAS MEZA Universidad Arturo Prat

Palabras clave: Educación Superior, universidad, gestión universitaria, ética organizacional, Higher education, university, university management, organizational ethics.

Resumen

RESUMEN

 

Los recientes y frecuentes escándalos empresariales han intensificado la preocupación por la ética de las organizaciones y particularmente por la de los profesionales de negocios a nivel mundial. Este estudio tiene la finalidad de explorar los juicios en dilemas éticos de un grupo de estudiantes de negocios pertenecientes a una universidad del Estado del centro-sur de Chile, basado en la investigación de Baumhart (1961) y de Gleen y Van Loo (1993), realizada en los Estados Unidos a alumnos y profesionales de negocios. Los resultados muestran que éstos presentan dificultades para responder a correctos juicios éticos y que, por lo tanto, necesitan un reforzamiento en su formación en esa área.

 

ABSTRACT

 

Near permanent and recent corporate scandals around the world have intensified the concern for ethics in organizations and particularly those from business professionals worldwide. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to explore the ethical criteria in dilemmas of a group of business students from a university in the central-southern state of Chile, based on Baumhart's (1961) and Gleen and Van Loo's (1993) investigation, conducted in the United States on students and business professionals. The results show that students find it difficult to respond correctly to ethical dilemmas and therefore need reinforcement in their formation of ethical business judgments.

Citas

AJZEN, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Chicago, IL: Dorsey Press.

AJZEN, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 50, n°2, pp.179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

AJZEN, I., & FISHBEIN, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

ARAYA, I., y CRESPO, F. (2016). Teoría de agencia: una revisión del origen biológico del delito. Estudios Gerenciales, vol. 32, n°139, pp. 146-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2016.02.002

ARGOTA, G. (2018). Ética ecológica: una reconfiguración cultural del sentido de la naturaleza. Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, vol. 23, n°83, pp.183–193. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=27957772016

BALLANTINE, J., GUO, X, & LARRES, P. (2018). Can future managers and business executives be influenced to behave more ethically in the workplace? The impact of approaches to learning on business students’ cheating behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 149, n°1, pp.245–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3039-4

BAUMHART, R. (1961). How ethical are businessmen? Harvard Business Review, vol. 38, n°4, pp.6-31.

BRENNER, S.N. & MOLANDER, E.A. (1977). Is the ethics of business changing? Harvard Business Review, vol. 57, n°1, pp.57-71.

CELUCH, K., & DILL, A. (2011). An extension of the theory of reasoned action in ethical decision contexts: The role of normative influence and ethical judgment. Journal of Education for Business, vol.86, n°4, pp.201–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2010.502913

CHERRY, J. (2006).The impact of normative influence and locus of control on ethical judgments and intentions: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 68, n°2, pp.113–132. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-006-9043-3

FISHBEIN, M., & AJZEN, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.

FREIRE, C. (2014). Academic misconduct among Portuguese economics and business undergraduate students-a comparative analysis with other major students. Journal of Academic Ethics, vol. 12, n°1, pp.43–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-013-9199-2

FULMER, RM. (1967). An Investigation into the Ethical Standards of Graduating M.B.A.'s. Working paper n°67–68–1, The Florida State University School of Business, Tallahassee, Florida.

GANGA-CONTRERAS, F. (2005). Análisis preliminar del gobierno universitario chileno. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, vol.10, n°30, pp. 213-246.

GANGA-CONTRERAS, F., RAMOS, ME., LEAL, A., y VALDIVIESO, P. (2015 a). Teoría de agencia (TA): supuestos teóricos aplicables a la gestión universitaria. Innovar, vol.25, n°57, pp. 11-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v25n57.50324

GANGA-CONTRERAS, F., & QUIROZ, J., & MALUK, S. (2015). ¿QUÉ HAY DE NUEVO EN LA TEORÍA DE AGENCIA (TA)? Algunos trabajos teóricos y empíricos aplicados a las organizaciones. Prisma Social, n°15, pp. 685-707. https://www.redalyc.org/html/3537/353744533019/

GHANEM, C., & MOZAHEM, N. (2019). A study of cheating beliefs, engagement, and perception – The case of business and engineering students. Journal of Academic Ethics. Vol. 17, n°3, pp. 291-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-019-9325-x

GLENN, J, & VAN LOO, M. (1993). Business students’ and practitioners’ ethical decisions over time. Journal of Business Ethic, vol.12, n°11, pp.835–847. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00871665

HENLE, C. (2006). Bad apples or bad barrels? A former CEO discusses the interplay of person and situation with implications for business education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, vol. 5, n°3, pp.346–355. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2006.22697023

HOLLIER, G., BLANKENSHIP, D, & JONES, I. (2013). College business students attitudes toward ethics. Journal of Business and Behavior Sciences, vol. 25, n°1, pp.54–68.

HUNT, S., & VITELL, S. (1986). General theory of marketing ethics. Journal of Macromarketing. Spring, vol. 6, n°1, pp.5–16.

JENSEN, M., & MECKLING, W. (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, agency Costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, vol.3, n°4, pp. 305-360. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X7690026X

JORDAN, A. (2001). College student cheating: The role of motivation, perceived norms, attitudes, and knowledge of institutional policy. Ethics & Behavior, vol. 11, n°3, pp.233–247. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327019EB1103_3

KARASSAVIDOU, E., & GLAVELI, N. (2006). Towards the ethical or the unethical side? An explorative research of Greek business students' attitudes. International Journal of Educational Management, vol.20, n°5, pp.348–364. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540610676421

KLEIN, H., LEVENBURG, N., MCKENDALL, M., & MOTHERSELL, W. (2007). Cheating during the college years: How do business school students compare? Journal of Business Ethics, vol.72, n°2, pp.197–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9165-7

LAWSON, R. (2004). Is classroom cheating related to business students' propensity to cheat in the "real world"? Journal of Business Ethics, vol.49, n°2, pp.189–199. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000015784.34148.cb

LOZANO, MB. (2005). El mercado de control empresarial ante el conflicto de agencia accionista-directivo. Tribuna de Economía, n°823, pp. 217-234.

LUPTON, R., CHAPMAN, K., & WEISS, J. (2000). International perspective: A cross-national exploration of business students' attitudes, perceptions, and tendencies toward academic dishonesty. Journal of Education for Business, vol.75, n°4, pp.231–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832320009599020

MARTINOV-BENNIE, N., & MLADENOVIC, R. (2015). Investigation of the impact of an ethical framework and an integrated ethics education on accounting students’ ethical sensitivity and judgment. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol.127, n°1, pp.189–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-2007-5

McCABE, D. (1997). Classroom cheating among natural science and engineering majors. Science and Engineering Ethics, vol.3, n°4, pp.433–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-997-0046-y

REIG, A., & RAMIREZ, I. (1998). Efecto de la información asimétrica sobre el riesgo y el comportamiento de las sociedades de garantía recíproca: un análisis empírico. Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, vol.27, n°95, pp. 469-497. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42782141?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

NONIS, S., & SWIFT, C. (2001). An examination of the relationship between academic dishonesty and workplace dishonesty: A multicampus investigation. Journal of Education for Business, vol.77, n°2, pp.69–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832320109599052

PFEFFER, J., & FONG, C. (2004). The business school ‘business’: Some lessons from the US experience. Journal of Management Studies, vol.41, n°8, pp.1501–1520. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00484.x

SMITH, K., DAVY, J., & EASTERLING, D. (2004). An examination of cheating and its antecedents among marketing and management majors. Journal of Business Ethics, vol.50, n°1, pp.63–80. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000020876.72462.3f

SMYTH, M, & DAVIS, J. (2004). Perceptions of dishonesty among two-year college students: Academic versus business situations. Journal of Business Ethics, vol.51, n°1, pp.63-73. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000032347.79241.3c

TORMO-CARBÓ, G., SEGUI-MAS, E., & OLTRA, V. (2018). Business ethics as a sustainability challenge:higher education implications. Sustainability, vol.10, n°8, pp.2717–2734. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082717