The Reconfiguration of Human Being and Society in the Age of Posthumanism: Philosophical and Political Reflections on Nature, Identity, and Justice

Abstract

This article explores the intersection between metaphilosophy, social and political philosophy, and the currents of transhumanism and posthumanism, analyzing how technological advances, such as artificial intelligence and biotechnology, are reconfiguring the concept of humanity and social structures. The objective is to generate a theoretical framework that allows reflection on the ethical, political and social implications of these developments. The methodology applied is theoretical-analytical in nature, using a critical review of key authors such as Habermas (2003), Bostrom (2014) and Zuboff (2019, among others), to address how technological innovations are challenging the limits of the human and their repercussions on power dynamics. The results indicate that technology is accentuating social inequalities, putting free will at risk and creating new hierarchies based on access to advances such as gene editing or automation. In addition, it raises the need to develop ethical frameworks that regulate these technologies and protect the most vulnerable people. In conclusion, the convergence between philosophy and technology drives us to rethink the foundations of human existence. It is urgent to establish ethical and political structures that guide the use of emerging technologies towards the common good, preventing them from deepening inequalities and dehumanizing society.