Efeito da adubação orgânica e inorgânica no crescimento e rendimento de Gossypium hirsutum L. no Equador
Resumo
O cultivo do algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) desempenha um papel crucial na economia e na agricultura global, sendo sua produtividade diretamente influenciada pelo manejo nutricional e pela sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adubação orgânica e inorgânica no crescimento e rendimento de G. hirsutum no Equador. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento em blocos completamente casualizados, seguindo um arranjo fatorial 2×4×2, que considerou duas fontes de nitrogênio (matéria orgânica e ureia), quatro doses de adubação nitrogenada (50, 100, 150 e 200 kg N.ha-1) e a presença ou ausência de EM. Foram avaliadas variáveis fenológicas, morfométricas e produtivas, além das concentrações foliares de N, P e K. Os resultados indicaram que a fertilização com ureia favoreceu o crescimento vegetativo e o rendimento da cultura, enquanto a matéria orgânica potencializou a absorção foliar de potássio. A aplicação de microrganismos eficientes (ME) não resultou em diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação ao tratamento controle para todas as variáveis avaliadas, porém aumentou significativamente o rendimento. Além disso, a interação entre fontes e doses de nitrogênio revelou que a combinação de 150 kg N.ha-1 com EM otimizou o rendimento do algodão. Conclui-se que a adubação inorgânica com ureia maximizou a produtividade, enquanto a matéria orgânica contribuiu para uma nutrição mineral equilibrada. A integração de EM pode aprimorar a eficiência do sistema produtivo, promovendo uma agricultura mais sustentável.
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Referências
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Chinga, W., Torrez, A., Mármol, L. & Chirinos, D. (2020). Efecto de un lixiviado de vermicompost sobre el crecimiento y producción del algodón. Revista Científica Ecuatoriana, 7(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.36331/revista.v7i2. 130130
da Silva, C. M., de Albuquerque Ribeiro, A., da Silva, E. F., Garcias da Silva, M., Vieira Alencar, S. & Vicente Paulo, S. A. (2023). Cotton nitrogen doses in the edaphoclimatical conditions of northeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 17, 1194. https://doi.org/10.18011/bioeng.2023. v17.1194
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Geng, J., Yang, X., Huo, X., Chen, J., Lei, S., Lang, Y. & Liu, Q. (2020). Effects of controlled-release urea combined with fulvic acid on soil inorganic nitrogen, leaf senescence and yield of cotton. Scientific Reports, 10, 17135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74218-2
Gospodinova, G., Panayotova, G. (2019). Strategies for nitrogen fertilization of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A review. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(Suppl. 3), 59-67. https://www.agrojournal.org/25/03s-10.pdf
Henríquez, C., Bertsch, F. & Salaas, R. (1998). La fertilidad de suelos: Manual de laboratorio. Asociación Costarricense de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Higa, T. & Parr, J. F. (1995). Beneficial and effective microorganisms for a sustainable agriculture and environment. International Nature Farming Research Center, 1, 16. https://www.em-pars.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/7-beneficial-and-effective-microorganisms-for-a-sustainab-.pdf
Holdridge, L. R. (1978). Ecología basada en zonas de vida. Centro Científico Tropical. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas. San José, Costa Rica. https://hdl.handle.net/11324/7936
Hussain, I., Saleem, S., Ullah, H., Nasir, M., Iqbal, M. U., Saleem, M., Khaliq, A., Masood, S. A., Farooq, M. S., Hanif, M., Nisa, Z. U., Jabbar, A., Ullah Ghazali, H. M. Z. & Khan, A. A. (2024). The role of fermented farmyard manure in promoting soil health and economic sustainability in cotton farming under changing climate. Journal of Economic Impact, 6(3), 273-277. https://doi.org/10.52223/econimpact.2024.6312
Khaliq, A., Abbasi, K. & Hussain, T. (2006). Effects of integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources with effective microorganisms (EM) on seed cotton yield in Pakistan. Bioresource Technology, 96(8). 967-972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.05.002
Li, P. C., Liu, A. Z., Liu, J. R., Zheng, C. S., Sun, M., Wang, G. P., Li, Y, B., Zhao, X. H. & Dong, H. L. (2017). Effect of timing and ratio of urea fertilization on 15n ecovery and yield of cotton. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(3), 929-939. https://thejaps.org.pk/docs/v-27-03/30.pdf
Li, P., Rashid, H., Chen, T., Lu, Q., Ge., O., Gong, W., Liu, A. Gong, J. Shang, H., Deng, X., Li, J., Li, S., Xiao, X., Lui., R., Zhang, Q., Duan, L., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Jiang, X., Zhang, Y., Peng, R., Shi, Y. & Yuan, Y. (2019). Transcriptomic and biochemical analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and a chromosome segment substitution line from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. BMC Plant Biology, 19(19), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1619-4
Liu, Z., Jin, W., Guo, J., Yuan, J., Wang, S., Yang, H., Meng, Y. & Zhou, Z. (2023). Efficient cotton population photosynthetic production synergistically increases seedcotton yield and fiber quality through straw incorporation with appropriate nitrogen fertilization in wheat-cotton rotation system, Field Crops Research, 304, 109147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023. 109147.
Wang, N., Nan, H. Y., & Feng, K. Y. (2020). Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer application on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity and cotton yield. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 31(1), 173-181. doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202001.022
Palomo, A., Gaytán, M., Contreras, A., Sánchez, R. & Gutiérrez, D. (2004). Rendimiento y calidad de fibra de algodón en respuesta al número de riegos y dosis de nitrógeno. Terra LatinoAmericana, 22(3), 299-305. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57322306
Rodríguez, A. & Ruiz, P. (1996). El sistema agroindustrial del algodón en España. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. https://www.mapa.gob.es/ministerio/pags/Biblioteca/fondo/pdf/18252_all.pdf
Shareef, M., Gui, D., Zeng, F., Waqas, M., Ahmed, Z., Zhang, B., Iqbal, H. & Xue, J. (2019). Nitrogen leaching, recovery efficiency, and cotton productivity assessments on desert-sandy soil under various application methods. Agricultural Water Management, 223, 105716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat. 2019.105716
Shi, Y., Niu, X., Chen, B., Pu, S., Ma, H., Li, P., Feng, G. & Ma, X. (2023). Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer affects the soil microbial community and diversity and yield of cotton. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1295722. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295722
Tao, R., Wakelin, S. A., Lian, Y. & Chu, G. (2017). Organic fertilization enhances cotton productivity, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil nitrogen fertility under drip irrigated field. Agronomy Journal, 109, 2889-2897. DOI: 10.2134/agronj2017. 01.0054
Vesco Galdi, L., dos Santos Cordeiro, C. F., de Senna e Silva, B., Rodríguez de La Torre, E. J. & Echer, F. R. (2022). Interactive effects of increased plant density, cultivars and N rates in environments with different cotton yield recovery potential. Industrial Crops and Products, 176, 114394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114394.
Vitale, G. S., Scavo, A., Zingale, S., Tuttolomondo, T., Santonoceto, C., Pandino, G., Lombardo, S., Anastasi, U. & Guarnaccia, P. (2024). Agronomic strategies for sustainable cotton production: A sistematic literatura review. Agriculture, 14(9), 1597. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091597
Wang, N., Nan, H. & Feng, K. (2020). Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer application on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity and cotton yield. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31(1), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.13287/ J.1001-9332.202001.022
Wang, N., Zhan, J., Feng, K., Qi, J. & Nan, H. (2024) Higher yield sustainability and soil quality by reducing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer application under a singlecotton cropping system. Front. Plant Sci., 15,1494667. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1494667
Wu, D., Wang, W., Yao, Y., Li, H., Wang, Q. & Niu, B. (2023). Microbial interactions within beneficial consortia promote soil health. Science of the Total Environment, 900, 165801. https://10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165801
Yang, X., Geng, J., Huo, X., Lei, S., Lang, Y., Li, H. & Liu, Q. (2021). Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and rates on cotton leaf senescence, yield and soil inorganic nitrogen. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(11), 1507-1520 doi:10.1080/03650340.2020.1799983
Zonta, J. H., Brandao, Z. N., Rodrigues, J. I. D. S. & Sofiatti, V. (2017). Cotton response to water deficits at different growth stages. Revista Caatinga, 30, 980-990. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n419rc
Blaise, D., Singh, J. V., Bonde, A. N., Tekale, C. & Mayee, C. (2005). Effects of farmyard manure and fertilizers on yield, fibre quality and nutrient balance of rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Bioresource Technology, 96(3), 345-349. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S096085 2404001439
Bozorov, T., Usmanov, R., Yang, H., Hamdullaev, A., Musayev, S., Shavkiev, J., Nabiev, S., Zhang, D. & Abdullaev, A. (2018). Effect of water deficiency on relationships between metabolism, physiology, biomass, and yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Arid Land., 10(3), 441-456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-018-0009-y
Cañarte, E., Sotelo, R. & Navarrete, B. (2020). Generación de tecnologías para incrementar la productividad del algodón Gossypium hirsutum L. en Manabí, Ecuador. Revista Ciencia UNEMI, 13(33), 1-17. http://ojs.unemi.edu.ec/index. php/cienciaunemi/article/view/1085/1096
Chen, J., Liu, L., Wang, Z., Sun, H., Zhang, Y., Bai, Z. & Li, C. (2019). Nitrogen fertilization effects on physiology of the cotton boll–leaf system. Agronomy, 9(6), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060271
Chinga, W., Torrez, A., Mármol, L. & Chirinos, D. (2020). Efecto de un lixiviado de vermicompost sobre el crecimiento y producción del algodón. Revista Científica Ecuatoriana, 7(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.36331/revista.v7i2. 130130
da Silva, C. M., de Albuquerque Ribeiro, A., da Silva, E. F., Garcias da Silva, M., Vieira Alencar, S. & Vicente Paulo, S. A. (2023). Cotton nitrogen doses in the edaphoclimatical conditions of northeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 17, 1194. https://doi.org/10.18011/bioeng.2023. v17.1194
Di Rienzo, J., Casanoves, F., Balzarine, M., Gonzales, L., Tablada, M. & Robledo, C. (2019). InfoStat versión 2019. Grupo InoStat. FCA. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. http://www.infostat.com.ar
Duan, W.-J., Ma, T.-T., Zhang, Y.-J., Chen, L., Jiang, D., Liu, L.-T., Sun, H.-C., Zhang, K., Bai, Z.-Y. & Li, C.-D. (2020). Effects of different nitrification inhibitor DCD addition ratios in nitrogen fertilizer on cotton growth and yield. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 26(11), 2095-2106. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.20092
Geng, J., Yang, X., Huo, X., Chen, J., Lei, S., Lang, Y. & Liu, Q. (2020). Effects of controlled-release urea combined with fulvic acid on soil inorganic nitrogen, leaf senescence and yield of cotton. Scientific Reports, 10, 17135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74218-2
Gospodinova, G., Panayotova, G. (2019). Strategies for nitrogen fertilization of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A review. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(Suppl. 3), 59-67. https://www.agrojournal.org/25/03s-10.pdf
Henríquez, C., Bertsch, F. & Salaas, R. (1998). La fertilidad de suelos: Manual de laboratorio. Asociación Costarricense de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Higa, T. & Parr, J. F. (1995). Beneficial and effective microorganisms for a sustainable agriculture and environment. International Nature Farming Research Center, 1, 16. https://www.em-pars.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/7-beneficial-and-effective-microorganisms-for-a-sustainab-.pdf
Holdridge, L. R. (1978). Ecología basada en zonas de vida. Centro Científico Tropical. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas. San José, Costa Rica. https://hdl.handle.net/11324/7936
Hussain, I., Saleem, S., Ullah, H., Nasir, M., Iqbal, M. U., Saleem, M., Khaliq, A., Masood, S. A., Farooq, M. S., Hanif, M., Nisa, Z. U., Jabbar, A., Ullah Ghazali, H. M. Z. & Khan, A. A. (2024). The role of fermented farmyard manure in promoting soil health and economic sustainability in cotton farming under changing climate. Journal of Economic Impact, 6(3), 273-277. https://doi.org/10.52223/econimpact.2024.6312
Khaliq, A., Abbasi, K. & Hussain, T. (2006). Effects of integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources with effective microorganisms (EM) on seed cotton yield in Pakistan. Bioresource Technology, 96(8). 967-972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.05.002
Li, P. C., Liu, A. Z., Liu, J. R., Zheng, C. S., Sun, M., Wang, G. P., Li, Y, B., Zhao, X. H. & Dong, H. L. (2017). Effect of timing and ratio of urea fertilization on 15n ecovery and yield of cotton. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(3), 929-939. https://thejaps.org.pk/docs/v-27-03/30.pdf
Li, P., Rashid, H., Chen, T., Lu, Q., Ge., O., Gong, W., Liu, A. Gong, J. Shang, H., Deng, X., Li, J., Li, S., Xiao, X., Lui., R., Zhang, Q., Duan, L., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Jiang, X., Zhang, Y., Peng, R., Shi, Y. & Yuan, Y. (2019). Transcriptomic and biochemical analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and a chromosome segment substitution line from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. BMC Plant Biology, 19(19), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1619-4
Liu, Z., Jin, W., Guo, J., Yuan, J., Wang, S., Yang, H., Meng, Y. & Zhou, Z. (2023). Efficient cotton population photosynthetic production synergistically increases seedcotton yield and fiber quality through straw incorporation with appropriate nitrogen fertilization in wheat-cotton rotation system, Field Crops Research, 304, 109147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023. 109147.
Wang, N., Nan, H. Y., & Feng, K. Y. (2020). Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer application on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity and cotton yield. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 31(1), 173-181. doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202001.022
Palomo, A., Gaytán, M., Contreras, A., Sánchez, R. & Gutiérrez, D. (2004). Rendimiento y calidad de fibra de algodón en respuesta al número de riegos y dosis de nitrógeno. Terra LatinoAmericana, 22(3), 299-305. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57322306
Rodríguez, A. & Ruiz, P. (1996). El sistema agroindustrial del algodón en España. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. https://www.mapa.gob.es/ministerio/pags/Biblioteca/fondo/pdf/18252_all.pdf
Shareef, M., Gui, D., Zeng, F., Waqas, M., Ahmed, Z., Zhang, B., Iqbal, H. & Xue, J. (2019). Nitrogen leaching, recovery efficiency, and cotton productivity assessments on desert-sandy soil under various application methods. Agricultural Water Management, 223, 105716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat. 2019.105716
Shi, Y., Niu, X., Chen, B., Pu, S., Ma, H., Li, P., Feng, G. & Ma, X. (2023). Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer affects the soil microbial community and diversity and yield of cotton. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1295722. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295722
Tao, R., Wakelin, S. A., Lian, Y. & Chu, G. (2017). Organic fertilization enhances cotton productivity, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil nitrogen fertility under drip irrigated field. Agronomy Journal, 109, 2889-2897. DOI: 10.2134/agronj2017. 01.0054
Vesco Galdi, L., dos Santos Cordeiro, C. F., de Senna e Silva, B., Rodríguez de La Torre, E. J. & Echer, F. R. (2022). Interactive effects of increased plant density, cultivars and N rates in environments with different cotton yield recovery potential. Industrial Crops and Products, 176, 114394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114394.
Vitale, G. S., Scavo, A., Zingale, S., Tuttolomondo, T., Santonoceto, C., Pandino, G., Lombardo, S., Anastasi, U. & Guarnaccia, P. (2024). Agronomic strategies for sustainable cotton production: A sistematic literatura review. Agriculture, 14(9), 1597. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091597
Wang, N., Nan, H. & Feng, K. (2020). Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer application on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity and cotton yield. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31(1), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.13287/ J.1001-9332.202001.022
Wang, N., Zhan, J., Feng, K., Qi, J. & Nan, H. (2024) Higher yield sustainability and soil quality by reducing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer application under a singlecotton cropping system. Front. Plant Sci., 15,1494667. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1494667
Wu, D., Wang, W., Yao, Y., Li, H., Wang, Q. & Niu, B. (2023). Microbial interactions within beneficial consortia promote soil health. Science of the Total Environment, 900, 165801. https://10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165801
Yang, X., Geng, J., Huo, X., Lei, S., Lang, Y., Li, H. & Liu, Q. (2021). Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and rates on cotton leaf senescence, yield and soil inorganic nitrogen. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(11), 1507-1520 doi:10.1080/03650340.2020.1799983
Zonta, J. H., Brandao, Z. N., Rodrigues, J. I. D. S. & Sofiatti, V. (2017). Cotton response to water deficits at different growth stages. Revista Caatinga, 30, 980-990. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n419rc
Publicado
2025-04-19
Como Citar
Mera, J., Zambrano, F., García, M., León, R., Peñarrieta, S., & Sánchez-Urdaneta, A. (2025). Efeito da adubação orgânica e inorgânica no crescimento e rendimento de Gossypium hirsutum L. no Equador. Revista Da Faculdade De Agronomia Da Universidade De Zulia, 42(2), e254220. Obtido de https://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/43803
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Produção Vegetal
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Julio César Mera Macías, Freddy Eli Zambrano Gavilanes., Marina Coromoto García de Almeida,Rolando León Aguilar, Soraya Peñarrieta Bravo, Adriana Beatriz Sánchez-Urdaneta
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