Impact of a ketogenic diet on intestinal microbiota, cardiometabolic, and glycemic control parameters in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Impacto de una dieta cetogénica en la microbiota intestinal y los parámetros de control cardiometabólico y glucémico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

• Na Lu China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-6675
• Xincui Zhou China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5661-531X
• Fengnian Guo China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8713-8833

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54817/IC.v65n3a08

Palabras clave: dieta cetogénica, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, flora intestinal, péptido-1 similar al glucagón, hemoglobina glicosilada

Resumen

Una dieta cetogénica (KD), caracterizada por una ingesta alta en grasas y baja en carbohidratos, se ha propuesto como una opción terapéutica para la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Se seleccionaron cien individuos con DM2 y se dividieron en un grupo control (GC) y un grupo de observación (GO), con 50 pacientes en cada grupo, para investigar los efectos de una dieta cetogénica sobre los niveles de la flora intestinal, el péptido similar al glucagón-1 (GLP-1) y la HbA1c en pacientes con DM2. Los individuos del GC recibieron tra-tamiento y dieta estándar, mientras que los pacientes del GO recibieron el tratamiento estándar similar al GC, más una dieta cetogénica. En ambos grupos se compararon el índice de glicemia, el índice de lípidos en sangre, la HbA1c, los niveles del GLP-1, el examen físico y la flora intestinal. Los niveles de FPG, HbA1c, 2h PG, HOMA-IR TG, TC y LDL -C en los dos grupos se redujeron en comparación con los de antes del tratamiento (p<0,05), y las disminuciones en el GO fueron más significativas que en el grupo GC (p<0,05), mientras que los niveles de GLP-1 en los dos grupos aumentaron en comparación con los de antes del tratamiento, los del GO aumentaron significativamente en comparación con el GC (p<0,05). Después del tratamiento, la circunferencia de la cintura, el IMC, la masa corporal y los niveles de Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) y Escherichia coli (E. coli) de los dos grupos se redujeron en comparación con los indicadores antes del tratamiento (p<0,05), y los del GO fueron incluso más bajos que los del GC. (p<0,05). En conclusión, estos hallazgos subrayan el potencial de la KD para actuar como una estrategia dietética eficaz en el tratamiento de la DM2.

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