Effects of oral nutritional supplementation in a case-management model on body composition changes in patients after bariatric surgery.
Efecto de la suplementación nutricional oral en un modelo de cambios en la composición corporal en pacientes después de cirugía bariátrica.
Resumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar los efectos de la suplementación nutricional oral en un modelo de manejo de casos sobre las alteraciones de la composición corporal en pacientes después de cirugía bariátrica. Se incluyeron 120 pacientes obesos ingresados en el Hospital de la provincia de Jiangsu Suqian desde enero de 2024 hasta marzo de 2025 que se sometieron a cirugía bariátrica. Los pacientes se dividieron en un grupo de observación y un grupo control. Al grupo control se le aplicaron medidas de enfermería de rutina. Con base a las medidas de rutina de enfermería, al grupo de observación se le aplicó una intervención individualizada de suplementos nutricionales de acuerdo con el peso corporal ideal combinado con el principio de limitar la ingesta energética. Uno y tres meses después de la operación, en comparación con el grupo control, las mejorías en porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa libre de grasa, índice de masa corporal , peso corporal, masa muscular esquelética y tasa de pérdida de exceso de peso en el grupo de observación fueron más significativas. Los niveles de albúmina, hemoglobina y proteína total fueron mayores. El dolor físico, la función emocional, el estado general de salud, la salud mental, el papel físico y la vitalidad mejoraron; la incidencia total de complicaciones postoperatorias, los puntajes del Cuestionario de Autogestión de la Cirugía Bariátrica (BSSQ) y la tasa de satisfacción total de enfermería de los pacientes fueron mayores. En resumen, la suplementación nutricional oral en el modelo de manejo de casos puede mejorar la composición corporal, promover el estado nutricional, reducir la incidencia de complicaciones, promover la capacidad de automanejo postoperatoria, junto con una mejoría en la calidad de vida y la satisfacción de la enfermería en pacientes de cirugía bariátrica.
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