Importance of cervico-vaginal cytology in the reproductive health of latin american women
Abstract
Cervical cytology, also known as the Pap test, is a test performed on the cervix using a tissue sample and can effectively aid in the early diagnosis of gynecological diseases. During the COVID-19 health crisis, specialized medical consultations were restricted worldwide, leading to a decrease in diagnosed cases of cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and other reproductive health-related infections among female patients enrolled in preventive care programs. Considering this late diagnosis and women’s lack of knowledge on this topic, we sought to present cervical cytology as an accessible and inexpensive screening technique for primary patient care. For the research, we searched PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Spanish-language literature, finding 96 articles, selecting 14 and excluding 82 for redundancy and/or not meeting the
inclusion criteria. As a result, in countries such as Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, which belong to the Latin American region and share development, economic, and cultural conditions, a decline in primary care for women’s reproductive health was found, and an increase in morbidity from cervical cancer and HPV was observed in different parts of the region. Therefore, it is necessary to present the resumption and promotion of cervical cytology as a pillar of our research as a way to inform patients and direct them toward effective treatment, thus responding to this collateral situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in a period when higher-quality health services can be provided. In conclusion, this preventive technique, being lowcost and highly accessible, is a fundamental tool in the reproductive health care of Latin American women to improve their well-being and quality of life
Downloads
References
Latina. Salud pública Méx , 52(6). https://doi.org/https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextypid=S0036-36342010000600010
Arrossi, S., Binder, F., Martiarena, N., y Campanera, A. (2024). Efecto de COVID-19 en el tratamiento del cáncer cervicouterino: estudio antes/después
Medicina (Buenos Aires) , 28, 236-248.
Camejo, N., Castillo, C., Amarillo, D., y Guerrina, M. (2023). Repercusión de la pandemia COVID-19 en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama
en pacientes asistidas en la Unidad de Mastología del Hospital de Clínicas. Rev. Méd. Urug.,39(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29193/rmu.39.3.3
Cassarino, I., Rijo, J., Trombotti, M., y Nozar, F. (2022). Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en el tiempo entre la detección de lesiones premalignas de cuello de útero y su tratamiento. Rev. Méd. Urug., 38(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29193/rmu.38.3.2
Céspedes, A., Vadora, C., Mena, P., Gavilán, J., Adorno, R., y Garcete, O. (2024). Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el diagnóstico del cáncer de cuello uterino en el HCIPS – Paraguay.Latam: revista latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 5(1), 1 – 15.
Consejo Nacional de Población del Gobierno de México. (10 de 08 de 2022). Salud sexual y reproductiva durante la pandemia por COVID19. https://www.gob.mx/conapo/documentos/ salud-sexual-y-reproductiva-durante-la-pandemia-por-COVID-19
Fernández Sandí, M., Soto Pérez, J., Fuster, F., y Montiel, A. (2003). La citología cervical como método diagnóstico del VPH. Rev. méd. Costa Rica
Centroam, 70(562), 31-35.
León-Maldonado, L., López-Olmedo, N., Murillo, R., y Hurtado-Salgado, E. (2024). Tamizaje del cáncer cervical. Recomendaciones de política pública. Ensanut Continua 2020-2023, 66(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21149/15894
Llamas, L., y Martínez, F. (2021). Virus del papiloma humano en Latinoamérica: la pandemia de la que poco se habla. Trabajo especial de grado. http://
hdl.handle.net/10584/10222
Martínez, V. (2022). Cáncer de cuello uterino: tendencias para el 2030 en América Latina. Océano Magazine. https://doi.org/https://oceanomedicina.
com/nota/actualidad/cancer-cuello-uterino-tendencias-2030/
Martínez-Román, S., Tarrats, A., Carballas, E., y Romeo, M. (2020). ¿Cómo podemos ayudar a nuestras pacientes con cáncer ginecológico durante la
pandemia de la COVID-19? Clin Invest Ginecol Obstet., 47(3), 91–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gine.2020.06.001
Ministerio de Salud Pública de Uruguay, . (2012). Ordenanza Ministerial N° 466/2012. Montevideo: MSP.
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. (2024). Las pruebas del VPH y la vacuna de dosis única son clave para combatir el cáncer de cuello uterino en las Américas, según un informe de la OPS. https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/26-9-2024-pruebas-vph-vacuna-dosis-unica-son-clave-para-combatir-cancer-cuello-uterino
Organización Panamericana de Salud, OPS. (2009). Informe de la OMS sobre género y salud. https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/13-11-2009-informe-oms-sobre-genero-salud
Rivas, A. (2022). Perú reporta aumento de casos de cáncer de cuello uterino. Colegio Médico Del Perú: https://www.cmp.org.pe/peru-reporta-aumento-de-casos-de-cancer-de-cuello-uterino/
Urdaneta, J., Castillo, Y., Baabel, N., y Maggiolo, I. (2023). Adherencia al tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino mediante citología cérvico-vaginal:
opinión de mujeres venezolanas. Revista Venezolana de Oncología, 35(2), 74-92.
Villavicencio-Valencia, V. (2021). La presencia de COVID en pacientes con cáncer y desarrollo de estrategias para una efectiva inmunización. Gac.mex. oncol., 20(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.m21000207
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Iván Peñafiel Méndez

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to be the first publication where the article is submitted, which is published under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to share the work upon acknowledgment of authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
Authors may separately enter into additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (e.g., placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
This work is licensed under the license:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).