Evaluación cuantitativa del riesgo: Relación entre internacionalización y crecimiento socioeconómico de la pyme española
Palabras clave:
Economía, globalización, innovación, tecnologías, internacionalización
Resumen
En el presente artículo se abordan los diversos cambios socioeconómicos que emanan del proceso de internacionalización. El propósito radica en demostrar y argumentar el potencial de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs), las cuales ostentan una ventaja inherente a su flexibilidad, intrínseca a su tamaño. A través de un análisis empírico apoyado en los datos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Industria español, el presente documento ofrece una visión pragmática del estado económico de las entidades empresariales españolas. Globalmente, se contabilizan 3.000.000 de compañías que conllevan la generación de 11.000.000 de puestos de trabajo, mientras que un conjunto de 5.400 empresas de gran envergadura (con más de 250 empleados) aportan por sí solas más de 6.000.000 de empleos. Esto se traduce en un promedio de 3,7 empleados por PYME, en contraposición a los 1.111,5 empleados por empresa de gran tamaño. Los hallazgos de la investigación revelan que en la actualidad son escasas las empresas que han procurado mitigar su dependencia de los mercados locales. Asimismo, confirman que las empresas que experimentan un crecimiento económico tienen un impacto significativo tanto a nivel regional como internacional. Este efecto es particularmente notable en aquellas empresas que invierten en investigación y análisis del mercado. Se evidencia que una empresa crece en tamaño, sus ingresos también aumentan proporcionalmente, destaca que las empresas que se dedican a la exportación o que están internacionalizadas tienden a ser más grandes y productivas en comparación con aquellas que no participan en actividades de exportación.
Citas
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Balaji, M. (1985). Critical Path Analysis and Its Applications. John Wiley & Sons.
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Benavente, J. M. (2006) The role of research and innovation in promoting productivity in Chile. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 15(45), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590500512794
Benavente, J. M., y Lauterbach, R. (2008) Technological innovation and employment: complements or substitutes? The European Journal of Development Research, 20(2), 318-329. https://doi.org: 10.1080/09578810802060744
Bianchini, S., Pellegrino, G., y Tamagni, F. (2016) Innovation strategies and firm growth: new longitudinal evidence from Spanish firms. LEM Working Paper, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
Bojórquez, M. (2017). El comercio electrónico como estrategia de internacionalización de las PYMES. Revista de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información: RITI, 5(10), 110-115. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7107421
Capasso, M., Treibich, T., y Verspagen, B. (2015) The medium-term effect of R&D on firm growth. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 39–62
Castellanos, J. (2003). Pymes innovadoras. Cambio de estrategias e instrumentos. Revista escuela de Administración de Negocios, 47, 10-33.
Colombelli A, Haned N, Le Ba (2013) On firm growth and innovation: some new empirical perspectives using French cis (1992–2004). Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 26: 14–26
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Duque, P., Meza, O., Zapata, G., & Giraldo, J. (2021). Internacionalización de empresas latinas: evolución y tendencias. Económicas CUC, 42(1), 122-152.
Falk M (2012) Quantile estimates of the impact of R&D intensity on firm performance. Small Business Economics, 39(1),19–37
Forsgren, M. (2002). The concept of learning in the Uppsala internationalization process model: A critical review. International Business Review, 11, 257-278. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137508829_4
Goedhuys, M., y Sleuwaegen, L. (2016). High-growth versus declining firms: the differential impact of human capital and R&D. Applied Economics Letters, 23(5) 369–372.
Haltiwanger, J., Jarmin, R. S., Kulick, R., y Miranda, J. (2016). High growth young firms: contribution to job, output, and productivity growth, Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges, University of Chicago Press.
Hollebeek, L. D., & Macky, K. (2019). Digital content marketing’s role in fostering consumer engagement, trust, and value: Framework, fundamental propositions, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45, 27–41. 10.1016/j.intmar.2018.07.003
Hölzl, W. (2009). Is the R&D behaviour of fast-growing SMEs different? Evidence from CIS III data for 16 countries. Small Business Economics, 33(1) 59-75
Jarzabkowski, P. and Balogun, J. (2009). The Practice and Process of Delivering Integration through Strategic Planning. Journal of Management Studies, 46, 1255–1288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00853.x
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Kantis, H., Federico, J., Angelelli, P., y García, S. I. (2016). Business performance in young Latin American firms, Innovation and productivity in Latin American and Caribbean firms, Palgrave Macmillan US
Kraja, Y., & Osmani, E. (2013). Competitive advantage and its Impact in Small and Medium Enterprises (Smes), (Case of Albania). European Scientific Journal edition, 9(16), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2013.v9n16p%25p
López, H., & Pinot, F. (2020). La Internacionalización de las PYMES Latinoamericanas y sus barreras: la aplicación del modelo de los tres cercos. Gestión Internacional, 24, (2) 166-181.
Lorenzo, N. (2020). La articulación de los actores locales en el proceso de internacionalización territorial. Revista Iberoamericana de Gobierno Local, (20), 1-20. https://revista.cigob.net/numero-especial-relaciones-internacionales/articulos/la-articulacion-de-los-actores-locales-en-el-proceso-de-internacionalizacion-territorial/
Manta, O. (2020). Nothing for us without us” Measures applied at European level during the current crisis. Journal for Freedom of Conscience, 2(58), 13-15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3923205
Mazzucato, M., y Parris, S. (2015) High-growth firms in changing competitive environments: the US pharmaceutical industry (1963 to 2002). Small Business Economics, 44(1), 145–170.
Mínguez-Vera, A., & Adina, M. (2011). Gender and management on Spanish SMEs: an empirical analysis. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(14), 2852-2873, https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.599948
Oviatt, B. & McDougall, P. (2005). Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(5), 538-583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00097.x
Oyedijo, A. (2012) Competitive strategy orientations of small and medium business owners and their performance impacts: The case of paint manufacturing SMEs in South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 2(1), 1–8.
Pérez Estébanez, R., Urquía Grande, E. and Muñoz Colomina, C. (2010). Information technology implementation: evidence in Spanish SMEs. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, Vol. 18(1), pp. 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/18347641011023270
Santi, C., y Santoleri, P. (2017). Exploring the link between innovation and growth in Chilean firms. Small Business Economics, 49, 445–467.
Tomo, A., Mangia, G., Pezzillo Iacono, M., & Canonico, P. (2022). Family firms going international: Integrating corporate identity-building processes and socioemotional wealth dimensions. European Management Review, 19(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12462
Vernon, R. (1996). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. International Economic Policies and their Theoretical Foundations, 415-435 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-444281-8.50024-6
Zhang, Z., Lee, M.K.O., Huang, P., Zhang, L. and Huang, X. (2005). A framework of ERP systems implementation success in China. International Journal of Production Economics, 98(1), 56-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2004.09.004
Álvarez, R., Bravo-Ortega, C., y Zahler A (2015) Innovation and productivity in services: evidence from Chile. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51, 593-611. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2015.1026696
Amoah-Mensah, A. (2011). Strategic Resources and Performance of Rural SMEs. International. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 3(4), 106-121.http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.684.4400&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Andersen, O. (1997). Internationalization and market entry mode: A review of theories and conceptual frameworks. Management International Review, 37, 27-42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4022843
Andersen, T. J. (2004). Integrating Decentralized Strategy Making and Strategic Planning Processes in Dynamic Environments. Journal of Management Studies, 41(8), 1271–1299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00475.x
Andrews, K. (2011). The concept of corporate strategy. Innovar.
Arenas, A. J., & Bayón, J. P. (2021). Desarrollo del talento humano para líderes de la gerencia financiera del Servicio Integrado de Administración Tributaria. Revista Razón Crítica, 10(11), 276-293.
Balaji, M. (1985). Critical Path Analysis and Its Applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Ballesteros, L., Silva, F., Mena, D., & Angamarca, M. (2019). Estrategias de Marketing Digital en Empresas E-Commerce: Un acercamiento a la perspectiva del consumidor. 593 Digital Publisher CEIT, 4(5), 108-122
Bartelsman, E., Dobbelaere, S., y Peters, B. (2015). Allocation of human capital and innovation at the frontier: firm-level evidence on Germany and the Netherlands. Industrial and Corporate Change, 24(5), 875–949
Bayón, J. & Arenas, A. J. (2019). Various perspectives of labor and human resources challenges and changes due to automation and artificial intelligence. Academicus, 20, 106-118. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=780223
Bayón, J. (2019). Fundamentos de estrategia. Elearning S.L
Benavente, J. M. (2006) The role of research and innovation in promoting productivity in Chile. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 15(45), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590500512794
Benavente, J. M., y Lauterbach, R. (2008) Technological innovation and employment: complements or substitutes? The European Journal of Development Research, 20(2), 318-329. https://doi.org: 10.1080/09578810802060744
Bianchini, S., Pellegrino, G., y Tamagni, F. (2016) Innovation strategies and firm growth: new longitudinal evidence from Spanish firms. LEM Working Paper, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
Bojórquez, M. (2017). El comercio electrónico como estrategia de internacionalización de las PYMES. Revista de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información: RITI, 5(10), 110-115. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7107421
Capasso, M., Treibich, T., y Verspagen, B. (2015) The medium-term effect of R&D on firm growth. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 39–62
Castellanos, J. (2003). Pymes innovadoras. Cambio de estrategias e instrumentos. Revista escuela de Administración de Negocios, 47, 10-33.
Colombelli A, Haned N, Le Ba (2013) On firm growth and innovation: some new empirical perspectives using French cis (1992–2004). Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 26: 14–26
Curran, M. (2007). Family enterprises as an important factor of the economic development: the case of Slovenia. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 11(2), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021849580300007X
Doh, J. (2005). Offshore outsourcing: Implications for international business and strategic management theory and practice. Journal of Management Studies, 42(3), 695-704. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2005.00515.x
Duque, P., Meza, O., Zapata, G., & Giraldo, J. (2021). Internacionalización de empresas latinas: evolución y tendencias. Económicas CUC, 42(1), 122-152.
Falk M (2012) Quantile estimates of the impact of R&D intensity on firm performance. Small Business Economics, 39(1),19–37
Forsgren, M. (2002). The concept of learning in the Uppsala internationalization process model: A critical review. International Business Review, 11, 257-278. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137508829_4
Goedhuys, M., y Sleuwaegen, L. (2016). High-growth versus declining firms: the differential impact of human capital and R&D. Applied Economics Letters, 23(5) 369–372.
Haltiwanger, J., Jarmin, R. S., Kulick, R., y Miranda, J. (2016). High growth young firms: contribution to job, output, and productivity growth, Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges, University of Chicago Press.
Hollebeek, L. D., & Macky, K. (2019). Digital content marketing’s role in fostering consumer engagement, trust, and value: Framework, fundamental propositions, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45, 27–41. 10.1016/j.intmar.2018.07.003
Hölzl, W. (2009). Is the R&D behaviour of fast-growing SMEs different? Evidence from CIS III data for 16 countries. Small Business Economics, 33(1) 59-75
Jarzabkowski, P. and Balogun, J. (2009). The Practice and Process of Delivering Integration through Strategic Planning. Journal of Management Studies, 46, 1255–1288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00853.x
Jeronimo, T. B. & Medeiros, D. D. (2012). The Mature of Strategic Business of Small and Medium-Sized High - Tech. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 2(5). https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2013.v9n16p%25p
Kantis, H., Federico, J., Angelelli, P., y García, S. I. (2016). Business performance in young Latin American firms, Innovation and productivity in Latin American and Caribbean firms, Palgrave Macmillan US
Kraja, Y., & Osmani, E. (2013). Competitive advantage and its Impact in Small and Medium Enterprises (Smes), (Case of Albania). European Scientific Journal edition, 9(16), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2013.v9n16p%25p
López, H., & Pinot, F. (2020). La Internacionalización de las PYMES Latinoamericanas y sus barreras: la aplicación del modelo de los tres cercos. Gestión Internacional, 24, (2) 166-181.
Lorenzo, N. (2020). La articulación de los actores locales en el proceso de internacionalización territorial. Revista Iberoamericana de Gobierno Local, (20), 1-20. https://revista.cigob.net/numero-especial-relaciones-internacionales/articulos/la-articulacion-de-los-actores-locales-en-el-proceso-de-internacionalizacion-territorial/
Manta, O. (2020). Nothing for us without us” Measures applied at European level during the current crisis. Journal for Freedom of Conscience, 2(58), 13-15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3923205
Mazzucato, M., y Parris, S. (2015) High-growth firms in changing competitive environments: the US pharmaceutical industry (1963 to 2002). Small Business Economics, 44(1), 145–170.
Mínguez-Vera, A., & Adina, M. (2011). Gender and management on Spanish SMEs: an empirical analysis. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(14), 2852-2873, https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.599948
Oviatt, B. & McDougall, P. (2005). Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(5), 538-583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00097.x
Oyedijo, A. (2012) Competitive strategy orientations of small and medium business owners and their performance impacts: The case of paint manufacturing SMEs in South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 2(1), 1–8.
Pérez Estébanez, R., Urquía Grande, E. and Muñoz Colomina, C. (2010). Information technology implementation: evidence in Spanish SMEs. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, Vol. 18(1), pp. 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/18347641011023270
Santi, C., y Santoleri, P. (2017). Exploring the link between innovation and growth in Chilean firms. Small Business Economics, 49, 445–467.
Tomo, A., Mangia, G., Pezzillo Iacono, M., & Canonico, P. (2022). Family firms going international: Integrating corporate identity-building processes and socioemotional wealth dimensions. European Management Review, 19(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12462
Vernon, R. (1996). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. International Economic Policies and their Theoretical Foundations, 415-435 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-444281-8.50024-6
Zhang, Z., Lee, M.K.O., Huang, P., Zhang, L. and Huang, X. (2005). A framework of ERP systems implementation success in China. International Journal of Production Economics, 98(1), 56-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2004.09.004
Publicado
2024-03-18
Cómo citar
Ditta, G., Arenas Falótico, A. J., & Bayón Pérez, J. (2024). Evaluación cuantitativa del riesgo: Relación entre internacionalización y crecimiento socioeconómico de la pyme española. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 29(106), 452-471. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.29.106.1
Número
Sección
EN LA MIRA: Economía, finanzas y riesgos
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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