Gestión de la innovación en turismo: retos e implicaciones para las pymes
Palabras clave:
Gestión de la innovación, innovación, servicios, turismo, pymes
Resumen
Para comprender la situación postpandemia de las pymes turísticas, se realizó una investigación empírica en el Municipio de Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México. El objetivo fue analizar la importancia de la gestión de la innovación de las pymes turísticas en el Municipio de Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México. La investigación es cuantitativa, de tipo exploratoria y descriptiva. Para tal efecto, se diseñó un cuestionario estructurado dirigido a 139 pymes. Los hallazgos muestran: el cierre temporal de la empresa; la reducción en gastos; la falta de proveedores; la disminución de clientes; la introducción de nuevos métodos y formas de comercialización, promoción, procesos de distribución y logística. Se concluye que la innovación se presenta como una alternativa viable para que las pymes se adapten y superen las adversidades de su entorno.
Citas
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Ancillai, C., Sabatini, A., Gatti, M. & Perna, A. (2023). Digital technology and business model innovation: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 188, 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122307
Atsiz, O. & Cifci, I. (2021). Can we imagine the meal-sharing economy without service providers? The impact of COVID-19. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 49, 172-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.09.011
Brown, N., Rovins, J., Feldmann-Jensen, S., Orchiston, C. & Johnston, D. (2017). Exploring disaster resilience within the hotel sector: A systematic review of literatura, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 362-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.005
Cruz-Ruiz, E., Ruiz-Romero, E., Zamarreño-Aramendia, G. & Cristòfol, F. (2022). Strategic Management of the Malaga Brand through Open Innovation: Tourists and Residents’ Perception. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market And Complexity, 8(28). https://doi.org/10.3390/ joitmc8010028
Duarte, A., Kiat, S., Bressan, A., O´Shea, M., Sakellarios, N., Koresis, A., Buitrago, M. & Santoni, L. (2020). COVID-19, aftermath, impacts, and hospitality firms: An international perspective, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102654
El-Said, O., Smith, M., Al-Yafaei, Y. & Salam, S. (2023). From complexity to evolution: Mapping resilience management practices in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 crisis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 210, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103435
Foroudia, P., Tabaghdehi, A. & Marvi, R. (2021). The gloom of the COVID-19 shock in the hospitality industry: A study of consumer risk perception and adaptive belief in the dark cloud of a pandemic. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102717
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Ghazali, A. (2005). Small firm owner-managers’ networks in tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Business and Society, 6(2), 37-54.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2017). Anuario estadístico y geográfico de Hidalgo 2017. http://internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/Productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/anuarios_2017/702825095093.pdf
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Kuhn, V., Gadotti, S. & Krause, R. (2024). Innovation and creativity in gastronomic tourism: A bibliometric analysi. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 35, 1:13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100813
Latukha, M. (2016). Talent management in emerging market firms. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Liu, Q., Gao, J. & Li, S. (2024). The innovation model and upgrade path of digitalization driven tourism industry: Longitudinal case study of OCT. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 200, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123127
Lopes, A., Cunha, I., Pereira, L., Lopes, R. & Gonçalves, R. (2022). Revisiting Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Innovation and Resilience during COVID-19: The Tourism Sector. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010011
Maziliauske, E. (2024). Innovation for sustainability through co-creation by small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMEs): Socio-cultural sustainability benefits to rural destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 50, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101201
Mehta, S., Saxena, T., & Purohit, N. (2020). The new consumer behaviour paradigm amid COVID‐19: Permanent or transient? Journal of Health Management, 22(2), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063420940834
Mittal, S., Khan, M., Romero, D. & Wuest, T. (2018). A critical review of smart manufacturing & Industry 4.0 maturity models: Implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 49, 194–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2018.10.005
Morris, D. (2018). Innovation and productivity among heterogeneous firms. Research Policy, 47, 1918-1932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.07.003
Mota, B., Rua, O. & Neira-Gómez, I. (2024). New advances in science mapping and performance analysis of the open innovation and tourism relationship. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100154
Nieves, J., Quintana, A. & Osorio, J. (2014). Knowledge-based resources and innovation in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 38, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.01.001
Observatorio Virtual de Transferencia de Tecnología, OVTT (s/f). Gestión de la innovación. https://www.ovtt.org/gestion_gestion_de_la_innovacion
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, OECD (2018a). Manual 2018. Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264304604-en
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, OECD/Eurostat (2018b). Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for collecting, reporting and using data on innovation, 4th Edition, The measurement of scientific, technological and innovation activities, OECD Publishing, Paris/Eurostat, Luxembourg. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9789264304604-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/9789264304604-en
Organización Mundial de la Salud- OMS (2020). Medidas prácticas para mejorar la preparación de las ciudades frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 y a otros sucesos. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/333518/WHO-2019-nCoV-ActionsforPreparedness-Checklist-2020.1-spa.pdf
Organización Mundial del Turismo, OMT (2020a). Directrices globales de la OMT para reiniciar el turismo. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-06/200606%20-%20UNWTO%20Global%20Guidelines%20to%20Restart%20Tourism%20ES.pdf
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2020b). Apoyo al empleo y a la economía a través de los viajes y el turismo. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-04/COVID19_Recommendations_ES.pdf
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2020c). Más del 50% de los destinos mundiales están reduciendo las restricciones a los viajes, aunque se mantiene la cautela. https://www.unwto.org/es/mas-del-50-de-los-destinos-mundiales-estan-reduciendo-las-restricciones-a-los-viajes
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2022). Código Internacional para la Protección de los Turistas. OMT. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284423460
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos- OCDE (2017). Estudio de la política turística de México. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/303803/eBook_Estudio_de_la_Politica_Turistica_de_Mexico_FINAL.pdf
Rather, A. (2021). Demystifying the effects of perceived risk and fear on customer engagement, co-creation and revisit intention during COVID-19: A protection motivation theory approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100564
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Secretaría de Turismo- SECTUR (2019). Cuenta Satélite del Turismo de México. https://www.datatur.sectur.gob.mx/SitePages/ProductoDestacado3.aspx
Secretaría de Turismo- SECTUR (2020a). Actualización del Protocolo de atención para personas en centros de hospedaje y restaurantes durante la cuarentena obligatoria por Covid-19. https://www.gob.mx/sectur/articulos/actualizacion-del-protocolo-de-atencion-para-personas-en-centros-de-hospedaje-y-restaurantes-durante-la-cuarentena-obligatoria-por-covid-19-240964#documentos
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United Nations recognizes the World Tourism Organization/ UNWTO (2020). Las cifras de turistas internacionales caen un 65% en la primera mitad de 2020, informa la OMT. https://www.unwto.org/es/taxonomy/term/347
Velázquez-Castro, J. (2019). Gestión de la innovación para la sustentabilidad de las empresas de hospedaje. Rosa dos Ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade, 11(4), 819-831. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/21789061.v11i4p819
Vivas-López (2013). Implicaciones de las capacidades dinámicas para la competitividad y la innovación en el siglo XXI. Cuadernos de Administración, 26(47), 119-139. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/cadm/v26n47/v26n47a06.pdf
Wang, M., Li, Y., Ruan, W., Zhang, S. & Li, R. (2024). Influencing factors and formation process of cultural inheritance-based innovation at heritage tourism destinations. Tourism Management, 100, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104799
Williams, A., Rodriguez, I. & Makkonen, T. (2020). Innovation and smart destinations: Critical insights. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102930
Yao, Z. & Liu, Y. (2023). How Covid-19 impacts the financing in SMEs: Evidence from private firms. Economic Analysis and Policy, 79, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.06.036
Zach, F. & Hill, T. (2017). Network, knowledge and relationship impacts on innovation in tourism destinations. Tourism Management, 62, 196-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.04.001
Al-ababneh, M. (2017). Service quality in the hospitality industry, Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 6(1), 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0269.1000e133
Alpestana, D. (2020). The New Challenges Of Urban Tourism. Finisterra, 55(115), 217-221. https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis20342
Amin, S. B., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2023). Tourism, sustainability, and the economy in Bangladesh: The innovation connection amidst Covid-19. Economic Analysis and Policy, 79, 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.06.018
Ancillai, C., Sabatini, A., Gatti, M. & Perna, A. (2023). Digital technology and business model innovation: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 188, 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122307
Atsiz, O. & Cifci, I. (2021). Can we imagine the meal-sharing economy without service providers? The impact of COVID-19. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 49, 172-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.09.011
Brown, N., Rovins, J., Feldmann-Jensen, S., Orchiston, C. & Johnston, D. (2017). Exploring disaster resilience within the hotel sector: A systematic review of literatura, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 362-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.005
Cruz-Ruiz, E., Ruiz-Romero, E., Zamarreño-Aramendia, G. & Cristòfol, F. (2022). Strategic Management of the Malaga Brand through Open Innovation: Tourists and Residents’ Perception. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market And Complexity, 8(28). https://doi.org/10.3390/ joitmc8010028
Duarte, A., Kiat, S., Bressan, A., O´Shea, M., Sakellarios, N., Koresis, A., Buitrago, M. & Santoni, L. (2020). COVID-19, aftermath, impacts, and hospitality firms: An international perspective, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102654
El-Said, O., Smith, M., Al-Yafaei, Y. & Salam, S. (2023). From complexity to evolution: Mapping resilience management practices in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 crisis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 210, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103435
Foroudia, P., Tabaghdehi, A. & Marvi, R. (2021). The gloom of the COVID-19 shock in the hospitality industry: A study of consumer risk perception and adaptive belief in the dark cloud of a pandemic. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102717
Galli, A., Đurović, G., Hanscom, L. & Knežević, J. (2018). Think globally, act locally: Implementing the sustainable development goals in Montenegro. Environmental Science and Policy, 84, 156-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.03.012
Ghazali, A. (2005). Small firm owner-managers’ networks in tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Business and Society, 6(2), 37-54.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2017). Anuario estadístico y geográfico de Hidalgo 2017. http://internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/Productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/anuarios_2017/702825095093.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2019). Encuesta Nacional sobre Productividad y Competitividad de las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (ENAPROCE) 2018. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enaproce/2018/default.html#Documentacion
Iqbal, M., Yanuarni, E., Mawardi, M. & Siti, E. (2023). Linking knowledge management to tourism business of SMEs in aftermath of disaster: Implications for open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100054
Kuhn, V., Gadotti, S. & Krause, R. (2024). Innovation and creativity in gastronomic tourism: A bibliometric analysi. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 35, 1:13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100813
Latukha, M. (2016). Talent management in emerging market firms. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Liu, Q., Gao, J. & Li, S. (2024). The innovation model and upgrade path of digitalization driven tourism industry: Longitudinal case study of OCT. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 200, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123127
Lopes, A., Cunha, I., Pereira, L., Lopes, R. & Gonçalves, R. (2022). Revisiting Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Innovation and Resilience during COVID-19: The Tourism Sector. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010011
Maziliauske, E. (2024). Innovation for sustainability through co-creation by small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMEs): Socio-cultural sustainability benefits to rural destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 50, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101201
Mehta, S., Saxena, T., & Purohit, N. (2020). The new consumer behaviour paradigm amid COVID‐19: Permanent or transient? Journal of Health Management, 22(2), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063420940834
Mittal, S., Khan, M., Romero, D. & Wuest, T. (2018). A critical review of smart manufacturing & Industry 4.0 maturity models: Implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 49, 194–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2018.10.005
Morris, D. (2018). Innovation and productivity among heterogeneous firms. Research Policy, 47, 1918-1932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.07.003
Mota, B., Rua, O. & Neira-Gómez, I. (2024). New advances in science mapping and performance analysis of the open innovation and tourism relationship. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100154
Nieves, J., Quintana, A. & Osorio, J. (2014). Knowledge-based resources and innovation in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 38, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.01.001
Observatorio Virtual de Transferencia de Tecnología, OVTT (s/f). Gestión de la innovación. https://www.ovtt.org/gestion_gestion_de_la_innovacion
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, OECD (2018a). Manual 2018. Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264304604-en
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, OECD/Eurostat (2018b). Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for collecting, reporting and using data on innovation, 4th Edition, The measurement of scientific, technological and innovation activities, OECD Publishing, Paris/Eurostat, Luxembourg. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9789264304604-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/9789264304604-en
Organización Mundial de la Salud- OMS (2020). Medidas prácticas para mejorar la preparación de las ciudades frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 y a otros sucesos. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/333518/WHO-2019-nCoV-ActionsforPreparedness-Checklist-2020.1-spa.pdf
Organización Mundial del Turismo, OMT (2020a). Directrices globales de la OMT para reiniciar el turismo. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-06/200606%20-%20UNWTO%20Global%20Guidelines%20to%20Restart%20Tourism%20ES.pdf
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2020b). Apoyo al empleo y a la economía a través de los viajes y el turismo. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-04/COVID19_Recommendations_ES.pdf
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2020c). Más del 50% de los destinos mundiales están reduciendo las restricciones a los viajes, aunque se mantiene la cautela. https://www.unwto.org/es/mas-del-50-de-los-destinos-mundiales-estan-reduciendo-las-restricciones-a-los-viajes
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2022). Código Internacional para la Protección de los Turistas. OMT. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284423460
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos- OCDE (2017). Estudio de la política turística de México. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/303803/eBook_Estudio_de_la_Politica_Turistica_de_Mexico_FINAL.pdf
Rather, A. (2021). Demystifying the effects of perceived risk and fear on customer engagement, co-creation and revisit intention during COVID-19: A protection motivation theory approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100564
Schilling, A. & Werr, A. (2009). Managing and organizing for innovation in service firms. A literature review with annotated bibliography. Stockholm School of Economics Series: Vinnova Report VR 2009. https://www.vinnova.se/contentassets/df08871e71de401e8bd3690cdba77763/vr-09-06.pdf
Secretaría de Turismo- SECTUR (2019). Cuenta Satélite del Turismo de México. https://www.datatur.sectur.gob.mx/SitePages/ProductoDestacado3.aspx
Secretaría de Turismo- SECTUR (2020a). Actualización del Protocolo de atención para personas en centros de hospedaje y restaurantes durante la cuarentena obligatoria por Covid-19. https://www.gob.mx/sectur/articulos/actualizacion-del-protocolo-de-atencion-para-personas-en-centros-de-hospedaje-y-restaurantes-durante-la-cuarentena-obligatoria-por-covid-19-240964#documentos
Secretaría de Turismo- SECTUR (2020b). Registro Nacional de Turismo. http://rnt.sectur.gob.mx/RNT_TipoPrestador.html
United Nations recognizes the World Tourism Organization/ UNWTO (2020). Las cifras de turistas internacionales caen un 65% en la primera mitad de 2020, informa la OMT. https://www.unwto.org/es/taxonomy/term/347
Velázquez-Castro, J. (2019). Gestión de la innovación para la sustentabilidad de las empresas de hospedaje. Rosa dos Ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade, 11(4), 819-831. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/21789061.v11i4p819
Vivas-López (2013). Implicaciones de las capacidades dinámicas para la competitividad y la innovación en el siglo XXI. Cuadernos de Administración, 26(47), 119-139. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/cadm/v26n47/v26n47a06.pdf
Wang, M., Li, Y., Ruan, W., Zhang, S. & Li, R. (2024). Influencing factors and formation process of cultural inheritance-based innovation at heritage tourism destinations. Tourism Management, 100, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104799
Williams, A., Rodriguez, I. & Makkonen, T. (2020). Innovation and smart destinations: Critical insights. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102930
Yao, Z. & Liu, Y. (2023). How Covid-19 impacts the financing in SMEs: Evidence from private firms. Economic Analysis and Policy, 79, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.06.036
Zach, F. & Hill, T. (2017). Network, knowledge and relationship impacts on innovation in tourism destinations. Tourism Management, 62, 196-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.04.001
Publicado
2024-06-03
Cómo citar
Velázquez-Castro, J. A. (2024). Gestión de la innovación en turismo: retos e implicaciones para las pymes. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 29(107), 1417-1434. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.29.107.28
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