Desempeño de los bancos de la República Argentina: efectos de la innovación tecnológica entre 2000 y 2024
Palabras clave:
innovaciones financieras, innovación tecnológica, eficiencia, productividad, Malmquist
Resumen
La tecnología financiera, combinación de tecnología y finanzas, se ha convertido en la principal forma de innovación financiera en las últimas décadas, brindando servicios financieros más específicos, a diferentes consumidores, de una manera más rápida y eficiente. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de la innovación financiera en el desempeño de los bancos, en términos de eficiencia y productividad. Se utiliza Data Envelopment Analysis para medir la eficiencia del sistema bancario argentino en el período 2000-2024, luego se aplica el Índice de productividad DEA-Malmquist para explorar, a través del tiempo, la eficiencia y la productividad y determinar si el desempeño de las entidades bancarias está relacionado con las innovaciones tecnológicas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la eficiencia media del sistema osciló alrededor del 80% y que, considerando subperiodos determinados por hitos de cambios en la tecnología financiera, se produjo un aumento de la productividad general del sistema. Se concluye que la mejora en la productividad estuvo determinada por el desplazamiento de la frontera tecnológica, atribuible a las innovaciones tecnológicas que se produjeron en dicho periodo.
Citas
Allami, C., y Cibils, A. (2021). La evolución del sector bancario durante el gobierno de Cambiemos. Realidad Económica, 51(338), 37-a. https://ojs.iade.org.ar/index.php/re/article/view/142
Argañaraz, Á. A. (2014). Impacto de las inversiones en tecnología de la información en la eficiencia de los bancos: El caso de la argentina [Tesis doctoral. Repositorio Digital UNS]. https://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/
Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078–1092. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.30.9.1078
Berger, A. N., & Humphrey, D. B. (1997). Efficiency of financial institutions: International survey and directions for future research. European Journal of Operational Research, 98(2), 175–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(96)00342-6
Boot, A., Hoffmann, P., Laeven, L., & Ratnovski, L. (2021). Fintech: what’s old, what’s new?. Journal of Financial Stability, 53, 100836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100836
Buchak, G., Matvos, G., Piskorski, T., & Seru, A. (2018). Fintech, regulatory arbitrage, and the rise of shadow banks. Journal of Financial Economics, 130(3), 453-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.03.011
Campanella, F., Della, M. R., & Del Giudice, M. (2017). The effects of technological innovation on the banking sector. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8(1), 356-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0326-8
Campoverde, J. A., Romero, C. A., y Borenstein, D. (2019). Evaluación de eficiencia de cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en Ecuador: Aplicación del modelo Análisis Envolvente de Datos DEA. Contaduría y Administración, 64(1), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2018.1449
Cavallo, A. (2013). Online and official price indexes: Measuring Argentina’s inflation. Journal of Monetary Economics, 60(2), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2012.10.002
Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., & Diewert, W. E. (1982). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica, 50(6), 1393–1414. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913388
Charles, V., & Kumar, M. (2012). Ranking of Peruvian banks through super efficiency DEA model variables-return-to-scale. In Data envelopment analysis and its applications to management (pp. 116-135).
Charles, V., Peretto, C., & Gherman, T. (2016). Technical Efficiency Analytics for the Public Banks in Argentina. ICPE Public Enterprise Half-Yearly Journal, 22(1), 118-139. https://doi.org/10.21571/pehyj.2016.2201.07
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
Cibils, A., & Allami, C. (2010). El sistema financiero argentino desde la reforma de 1977 hasta la actualidad: rupturas y continuidades. Realidad Económica, 249, 107-133. http://xxijhe.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/programa/descargables/cibils_y_allami.pdf
Cook, W. D., & Seiford, L. M. (2009). Data envelopment analysis (DEA)–Thirty years on. European Journal of Operational Research, 192(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.01.032
Cruz-García, P., de Guevara, J. F., & Maudos, J. (2021). Bank competition and multimarket contact intensity. Journal of International Money and Finance, 113, 102338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102338
Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Lindgren, B., & Roos, P. (1992). Productivity changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980-1989: A nonparametric Malmquist approach. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 3(3), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1923-0_6
Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M., & Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries. The American Economic Review, 84(1), 66-83. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117971
Ferro, G., León, S., Romero, C., y Wilson, D. (2013). Eficiencia del Sistema Bancario Argentino (2005-2011). Anales de la Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, XLVIII Reunión Anual.
Financial Stability Board. (2017). FinTechcredit: Market structure, business models and financial stability implications. https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/CGFS-FSB-Report-on-FinTech-credit.pdf
González, D. S. (2022). Desarrollos recientes en eficiencia y productividad para su aplicación en el sector público. Papeles de Economía Española, (172), 43-172. https://www.funcas.es/articulos/desarrollos-recientes-en-eficiencia-y-productividad-para-su-aplicacion-en-el-sector-publico/
Hasan, R., Hassan, M. K., & Aliyu, S. (2020). Fintech and Islamic finance: literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 3(1), 75-94. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.2122
Kamarudin, F., Sufian, F., Nassir, A. M., Anwar, N. A. M., & Hussain, H. I. (2019). Bank efficiency in Malaysia a DEA approach. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2019-0007
Jagtiani, J., & Lemieux, C. (2018). Do fintech lenders penetrate areas that are underserved by traditional banks? Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.03.001
Kamarudin, F., Sufian, F., Nassir, A. M., Anwar, N. A. M., & Hussain, H. I. (2019). Bank efficiency in Malaysia a DEA approach. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2019-0007
Lee, C. C., Lee, C. C., & Xiao, S. (2021). Policy-related risk and corporate financing behavior: Evidence from China’s listed companies. Economic Modelling, 94, 539-547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.01.022
Lee, C., Li, X., Yu, C., & Zhao, J. (2021). Does fintech innovation improve bank efficiency? Evidence from China’s banking industry. International Review of Economics & Finance, 74, 468-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.03.009
Lovell, C. A. K. (2003). The decomposition of Malmquist productivity indexes. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 20, 437–458. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1027312102834
Magliano, A. C., Arrigoni, M. Á., Heller, C., Elespe, D., Goity, G., Perrotta, D., et al. (2005). La recuperación del Sistema Financiero Argentino. A. Liska, Editorial.
Malmquist, S. (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos en Estadística, 4, 209–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03006863
Ouenniche, J., & Carrales, S. (2018). Assessing efficiency profiles of UK commercial banks: a DEA analysis with regression-based feedback. Annals of Operations Research, 266(1-2), 551–587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-018-2797-z
Peretto, C. B., Quiroga, F., y Alberto, C. L. (2022). Análisis de los factores que determinan la eficiencia de los bancos en Argentina. Un análisis DEA en dos etapas. Contaduría y Administración, 67(1), 375-396. https://doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2022.2646
Seffino, M., y Hoyos, D. (2021). Eficiencia en entidades bancarios. El caso argentino 2004 – 2016. Económica, 67, 021. https://doi.org/10.24215/18521649e021
Sheng, T. (2021). The effect of fintech on banks’ credit provision to SMEs: Evidence from China. Finance Research Letters, 39, 101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101558
Shi, X., Li, Y., Emrouznejad, A., Xie, J., & Liang, L. (2017). Erratum to: Estimation of potential gains from bank mergers: A novel two-stage cost efficiency DEA model. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 68(8), 983. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41274-017-0235-2
Staub, R. B., da Silva e Souza, G., & Tabak, B. M. (2010). Evolution of bank efficiency in Brazil: A DEA approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 202(1), 204–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.04.025
Su, C. W., Qin, M., Tao, R., & Umar, M. (2020). Financial implications of fourth industrial revolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 158, 120178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120178
Thakor, A. V. (2020). Fintech and banking: What do we know?. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 41, 100833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2019.100833.
Vera, P., Camino, S., (75), 147-166. .
Wang, C., Qiao, C., Ahmed, R. I., y Kirikkaleli, D. (2021). Institutional quality, bank finance and technological innovation: a way forward for fourth industrial revolution in BRICS economies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 120427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120427.
Yao, T., y Song, L. (2021). Examining the differences in the impact of Fintech on the economic capital of commercial banks’ market risk: evidence from a panel system GMM analysis. Applied Economics, 53(23), 2647-2660. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1864275.
Argañaraz, Á. A. (2014). Impacto de las inversiones en tecnología de la información en la eficiencia de los bancos: El caso de la argentina [Tesis doctoral. Repositorio Digital UNS]. https://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/
Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078–1092. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.30.9.1078
Berger, A. N., & Humphrey, D. B. (1997). Efficiency of financial institutions: International survey and directions for future research. European Journal of Operational Research, 98(2), 175–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(96)00342-6
Boot, A., Hoffmann, P., Laeven, L., & Ratnovski, L. (2021). Fintech: what’s old, what’s new?. Journal of Financial Stability, 53, 100836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100836
Buchak, G., Matvos, G., Piskorski, T., & Seru, A. (2018). Fintech, regulatory arbitrage, and the rise of shadow banks. Journal of Financial Economics, 130(3), 453-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.03.011
Campanella, F., Della, M. R., & Del Giudice, M. (2017). The effects of technological innovation on the banking sector. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8(1), 356-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0326-8
Campoverde, J. A., Romero, C. A., y Borenstein, D. (2019). Evaluación de eficiencia de cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en Ecuador: Aplicación del modelo Análisis Envolvente de Datos DEA. Contaduría y Administración, 64(1), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2018.1449
Cavallo, A. (2013). Online and official price indexes: Measuring Argentina’s inflation. Journal of Monetary Economics, 60(2), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2012.10.002
Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., & Diewert, W. E. (1982). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica, 50(6), 1393–1414. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913388
Charles, V., & Kumar, M. (2012). Ranking of Peruvian banks through super efficiency DEA model variables-return-to-scale. In Data envelopment analysis and its applications to management (pp. 116-135).
Charles, V., Peretto, C., & Gherman, T. (2016). Technical Efficiency Analytics for the Public Banks in Argentina. ICPE Public Enterprise Half-Yearly Journal, 22(1), 118-139. https://doi.org/10.21571/pehyj.2016.2201.07
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
Cibils, A., & Allami, C. (2010). El sistema financiero argentino desde la reforma de 1977 hasta la actualidad: rupturas y continuidades. Realidad Económica, 249, 107-133. http://xxijhe.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/programa/descargables/cibils_y_allami.pdf
Cook, W. D., & Seiford, L. M. (2009). Data envelopment analysis (DEA)–Thirty years on. European Journal of Operational Research, 192(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.01.032
Cruz-García, P., de Guevara, J. F., & Maudos, J. (2021). Bank competition and multimarket contact intensity. Journal of International Money and Finance, 113, 102338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102338
Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Lindgren, B., & Roos, P. (1992). Productivity changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980-1989: A nonparametric Malmquist approach. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 3(3), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1923-0_6
Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M., & Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries. The American Economic Review, 84(1), 66-83. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117971
Ferro, G., León, S., Romero, C., y Wilson, D. (2013). Eficiencia del Sistema Bancario Argentino (2005-2011). Anales de la Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, XLVIII Reunión Anual.
Financial Stability Board. (2017). FinTechcredit: Market structure, business models and financial stability implications. https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/CGFS-FSB-Report-on-FinTech-credit.pdf
González, D. S. (2022). Desarrollos recientes en eficiencia y productividad para su aplicación en el sector público. Papeles de Economía Española, (172), 43-172. https://www.funcas.es/articulos/desarrollos-recientes-en-eficiencia-y-productividad-para-su-aplicacion-en-el-sector-publico/
Hasan, R., Hassan, M. K., & Aliyu, S. (2020). Fintech and Islamic finance: literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 3(1), 75-94. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.2122
Kamarudin, F., Sufian, F., Nassir, A. M., Anwar, N. A. M., & Hussain, H. I. (2019). Bank efficiency in Malaysia a DEA approach. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2019-0007
Jagtiani, J., & Lemieux, C. (2018). Do fintech lenders penetrate areas that are underserved by traditional banks? Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.03.001
Kamarudin, F., Sufian, F., Nassir, A. M., Anwar, N. A. M., & Hussain, H. I. (2019). Bank efficiency in Malaysia a DEA approach. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2019-0007
Lee, C. C., Lee, C. C., & Xiao, S. (2021). Policy-related risk and corporate financing behavior: Evidence from China’s listed companies. Economic Modelling, 94, 539-547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.01.022
Lee, C., Li, X., Yu, C., & Zhao, J. (2021). Does fintech innovation improve bank efficiency? Evidence from China’s banking industry. International Review of Economics & Finance, 74, 468-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.03.009
Lovell, C. A. K. (2003). The decomposition of Malmquist productivity indexes. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 20, 437–458. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1027312102834
Magliano, A. C., Arrigoni, M. Á., Heller, C., Elespe, D., Goity, G., Perrotta, D., et al. (2005). La recuperación del Sistema Financiero Argentino. A. Liska, Editorial.
Malmquist, S. (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos en Estadística, 4, 209–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03006863
Ouenniche, J., & Carrales, S. (2018). Assessing efficiency profiles of UK commercial banks: a DEA analysis with regression-based feedback. Annals of Operations Research, 266(1-2), 551–587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-018-2797-z
Peretto, C. B., Quiroga, F., y Alberto, C. L. (2022). Análisis de los factores que determinan la eficiencia de los bancos en Argentina. Un análisis DEA en dos etapas. Contaduría y Administración, 67(1), 375-396. https://doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2022.2646
Seffino, M., y Hoyos, D. (2021). Eficiencia en entidades bancarios. El caso argentino 2004 – 2016. Económica, 67, 021. https://doi.org/10.24215/18521649e021
Sheng, T. (2021). The effect of fintech on banks’ credit provision to SMEs: Evidence from China. Finance Research Letters, 39, 101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101558
Shi, X., Li, Y., Emrouznejad, A., Xie, J., & Liang, L. (2017). Erratum to: Estimation of potential gains from bank mergers: A novel two-stage cost efficiency DEA model. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 68(8), 983. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41274-017-0235-2
Staub, R. B., da Silva e Souza, G., & Tabak, B. M. (2010). Evolution of bank efficiency in Brazil: A DEA approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 202(1), 204–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.04.025
Su, C. W., Qin, M., Tao, R., & Umar, M. (2020). Financial implications of fourth industrial revolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 158, 120178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120178
Thakor, A. V. (2020). Fintech and banking: What do we know?. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 41, 100833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2019.100833.
Vera, P., Camino, S., (75), 147-166. .
Wang, C., Qiao, C., Ahmed, R. I., y Kirikkaleli, D. (2021). Institutional quality, bank finance and technological innovation: a way forward for fourth industrial revolution in BRICS economies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 120427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120427.
Yao, T., y Song, L. (2021). Examining the differences in the impact of Fintech on the economic capital of commercial banks’ market risk: evidence from a panel system GMM analysis. Applied Economics, 53(23), 2647-2660. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1864275.
Publicado
2025-06-04
Cómo citar
Peretto, C. B. (2025). Desempeño de los bancos de la República Argentina: efectos de la innovación tecnológica entre 2000 y 2024. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(111), 1374-1391. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.111.8
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