Sostenibilidad y cooperación internacional en empresas emergentes colombianas
Palabras clave:
sostenibilidad, modelos de negocio, cooperación internacional, empresas emergentes
Resumen
El estudio aborda el desafío de implementar modelos de negocio sostenibles en contextos periféricos, teniendo como base de análisis el ecosistema empresarial emergente en Riohacha, La Guajira. En este territorio, marcado por altos niveles de vulnerabilidad social y económica, la integración efectiva de criterios ambientales, sociales y económicos en las iniciativas empresariales resulta limitada y fragmentaria. El objetivo fue diseñar un modelo de negocio sostenible adaptado a las condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales de Riohacha, que permita potenciar la viabilidad financiera y el impacto positivo en el desarrollo local. Se aplicó una metodología mixta que combinó análisis documental, estudios de caso y entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores clave del ecosistema emprendedor y de cooperación internacional. Este enfoque permitió obtener una visión integral sobre las fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y desafíos del sector. Los hallazgos evidencian un predominio empírico del uso del esquema CANVAS, un limitado conocimiento de metodologías Lean Startup y una escasa articulación entre empresas locales y programas internacionales de cooperación. Además, se identificaron tres niveles de sostenibilidad en las empresas, desde enfoques fragmentarios hasta integraciones estratégicas, y se detectó un potencial significativo en alianzas multiactor para fortalecer el ecosistema. El estudio propone un modelo flexible basado en valor compartido, que articula una propuesta de valor territorial, alianzas estratégicas, diversificación de ingresos y un sistema de indicadores de impacto adaptados al contexto local. La implementación efectiva del modelo requiere fortalecer capacidades, consolidar redes y desarrollar herramientas digitales, con énfasis en procesos participativos para validar y ajustar la propuesta en el territorio.
Citas
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Aguirre, J. C., Peralta Zuñiga, M. L., Mora, P., & Blanco, F. (2020). Innovative entrepreneurship and quality of life. The case of Ecuador. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 34(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2020-0076
Agwu, U. J., & Bessant, J. (2021). Sustainable business models: A systematic review of approaches and challenges in manufacturing. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2021200202.en
Beaumont, M. (2023). La innovación en los modelos de negocio de las empresas B de América Latina. Innovar, 34(92). https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v34n92.100498
Beck, U. (2009). World at risk. Polity Press.
Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 42–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.039
Boisier, S. (2005). ¿Hay espacio para el desarrollo local en la globalización? Revista de la CEPAL, 2005(86), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.18356/8a88036d-es
Bremmer, I. (2016). The end of the free market: Who wins the war between states and corporations? Portfolio/Penguin.
Buitrago, J. A. (2014). Emprendimiento en Colombia. Administración y Desarrollo, 43(59), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.22431/25005227.101
Cataño, G., y Botero, P. (2007). Las PYMES: Vínculos y redes de cooperación para la innovación en Antioquia (Un estudio exploratorio). Tecno Lógicas, (18), 11–42. Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano.
Cheah, S., Ho, Y.-P., & Li, S. (2018). Business model innovation for sustainable performance in retail and hospitality industries. Sustainability, 10(11), 3952. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113952
Das, A., & Bocken, N. (2024). Regenerative business strategies: A database and typology to inspire business experimentation towards sustainability. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 49, 529–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2023.12.010
Demuner-Flores, M. del R., Saavedra-García, M. L., y Cortes, M. del R. (2022). Rendimiento Empresarial, Resilencia e Innovación en PYMES. Investigación administrativa, 51(130), 00001. https://doi.org/10.35426/iav51n130.01
Diamond, J. (2005). Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed. Viking.
Elkington, J. (1994). Towards the sustainable corporation: Win-win-win business strategies for sustainable development. California Management Review, 36(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165746
Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. New Society Publishers.
Elkington, J. (2020). Green Swans: The Coming Boom in Regenerative Capitalism. Fast Company Press.
Evans, S., Vladimirova, D., Holgado, M., Van Fossen, K., Yang, M., Silva, E. A., & Barlow, C. Y. (2017). Business model innovation for sustainability: Towards a unified perspective for creation of sustainable business models: Sustainable business models. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(5), 597–608. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1939
García-Reinoso, N. (2022). Desarrollo territorial sostenible del turismo en Manabí, Ecuador. Modelos y estrategias [Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Alicante]. https://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/133318
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M. P., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy – A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048
Geissdoerfer, M., Vladimirova, D., & Evans, S. (2018). Sustainable business model innovation: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.240
Ghauri, P. N. (2022). The role of multinational enterprises in achieving Sustainable Development Goals. AIB Insights, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.31077
Haas, E. B. (1992). When knowledge is power: Three models of change in international organizations. University of California Press.
Ibarra, D., Igartua, J. I., & Mendoza, J. M. F. (2023). Sustainable business models for renewable energy communities and their ecosystem. New Business Models Conference Proceedings 2023. Maastricht University Press. https://doi.org/10.26481/mup.2302.09
Islam, R., Fakhrorazi, A., Hartini, H., & Raihan, M. A. (2019). Globalization and its impact on international business. Humanities & social sciences reviews, 7(1), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7130
Jonsdottir, A. T., Johannsdottir, L., & Davidsdottir, B. (2025). A systems approach to circular economy transition: Creating causal loop diagrams for the Icelandic building industry. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 17(100276), 100276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100276
Karuppiah, K., Sankaranarayanan, B., & Ali, S. M. (2023). A systematic review of sustainable business models: Opportunities, challenges, and future research directions. Decision Analytics Journal, 8, Article 100272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100272
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (2000). Power and interdependence: World politics in transition. Longman.
Krasner, S. D. (1999). Sovereignty: Organized hypocrisy. Princeton University Press
Lüdeke-Freund, F., Carroux, S., Joyce, A., Massa, L., & Breuer, H. (2018). The sustainable business model pattern taxonomy—45 patterns to support sustainability-oriented business model innovation. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 15, 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2018.06.004
Natera, J. M., & Castellacci, F. (2021). Transformational complexity, systemic complexity and economic development. Research Policy, 50(7), 104275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104275
Padilla M. (2014). El rol de la cooperación internacional en la sostenibilidad del turismo comunitario. Período 2000-2010. Caso de estudio: Comunidad de Yunguilla. [Tesis de maestría, Flacso Ecuador]. https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/xmlui/handle/10469/7722
Pieroni, M. P. P., McAloone, T. C., & Pigosso, D. C. A. (2019). Business model innovation for circular economy and sustainability: A review of approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 198–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.036
Pigola, A., Costa, P. R. da, Mazieri, M. R., & Scafuto, I. C. (2022). Collaborative innovation: a technological perspective. International Journal of Innovation, 10(2), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.5585/iji.v10i2.22256
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value
Prahalad, C. K., & Hart, S. L. (2002, enero 10). The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid. Strategy+business. https://www.strategy-business.com/article/11518
Sachs, J. D. (2015). The Age of Sustainable Development. Columbia University Press.
Sarango-Lalangui, P., Castillo-Vergara, M., Carrasco-Carvajal, O., & Durendez, A. (2023). Impact of environmental sustainability on open innovation in SMEs: An empirical study considering the moderating effect of gender. Heliyon, 9(9), e20096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20096
Soria-Barreto, K., Rueda, J., y Ruiz, R. (2021). Factores determinantes del emprendimiento en Chile y Colombia. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(E5), 459–477. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.26.e5.30
Stubbs, W., & Cocklin, C. (2008). Conceptualizing a “sustainability business model”. Organization & Environment, 21(2), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026608318042
Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (2012). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Business. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
Vázquez, A. (2007). Desarrollo endógeno. Teorías y políticas de desarrollo territorial. Investigaciones Regionales = Journal of Regional Research, (11), 183-210. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2500824
Aguirre, J. C., Peralta Zuñiga, M. L., Mora, P., & Blanco, F. (2020). Innovative entrepreneurship and quality of life. The case of Ecuador. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 34(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2020-0076
Agwu, U. J., & Bessant, J. (2021). Sustainable business models: A systematic review of approaches and challenges in manufacturing. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2021200202.en
Beaumont, M. (2023). La innovación en los modelos de negocio de las empresas B de América Latina. Innovar, 34(92). https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v34n92.100498
Beck, U. (2009). World at risk. Polity Press.
Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 42–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.039
Boisier, S. (2005). ¿Hay espacio para el desarrollo local en la globalización? Revista de la CEPAL, 2005(86), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.18356/8a88036d-es
Bremmer, I. (2016). The end of the free market: Who wins the war between states and corporations? Portfolio/Penguin.
Buitrago, J. A. (2014). Emprendimiento en Colombia. Administración y Desarrollo, 43(59), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.22431/25005227.101
Cataño, G., y Botero, P. (2007). Las PYMES: Vínculos y redes de cooperación para la innovación en Antioquia (Un estudio exploratorio). Tecno Lógicas, (18), 11–42. Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano.
Cheah, S., Ho, Y.-P., & Li, S. (2018). Business model innovation for sustainable performance in retail and hospitality industries. Sustainability, 10(11), 3952. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113952
Das, A., & Bocken, N. (2024). Regenerative business strategies: A database and typology to inspire business experimentation towards sustainability. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 49, 529–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2023.12.010
Demuner-Flores, M. del R., Saavedra-García, M. L., y Cortes, M. del R. (2022). Rendimiento Empresarial, Resilencia e Innovación en PYMES. Investigación administrativa, 51(130), 00001. https://doi.org/10.35426/iav51n130.01
Diamond, J. (2005). Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed. Viking.
Elkington, J. (1994). Towards the sustainable corporation: Win-win-win business strategies for sustainable development. California Management Review, 36(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165746
Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. New Society Publishers.
Elkington, J. (2020). Green Swans: The Coming Boom in Regenerative Capitalism. Fast Company Press.
Evans, S., Vladimirova, D., Holgado, M., Van Fossen, K., Yang, M., Silva, E. A., & Barlow, C. Y. (2017). Business model innovation for sustainability: Towards a unified perspective for creation of sustainable business models: Sustainable business models. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(5), 597–608. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1939
García-Reinoso, N. (2022). Desarrollo territorial sostenible del turismo en Manabí, Ecuador. Modelos y estrategias [Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Alicante]. https://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/133318
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M. P., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy – A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048
Geissdoerfer, M., Vladimirova, D., & Evans, S. (2018). Sustainable business model innovation: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.240
Ghauri, P. N. (2022). The role of multinational enterprises in achieving Sustainable Development Goals. AIB Insights, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.31077
Haas, E. B. (1992). When knowledge is power: Three models of change in international organizations. University of California Press.
Ibarra, D., Igartua, J. I., & Mendoza, J. M. F. (2023). Sustainable business models for renewable energy communities and their ecosystem. New Business Models Conference Proceedings 2023. Maastricht University Press. https://doi.org/10.26481/mup.2302.09
Islam, R., Fakhrorazi, A., Hartini, H., & Raihan, M. A. (2019). Globalization and its impact on international business. Humanities & social sciences reviews, 7(1), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7130
Jonsdottir, A. T., Johannsdottir, L., & Davidsdottir, B. (2025). A systems approach to circular economy transition: Creating causal loop diagrams for the Icelandic building industry. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 17(100276), 100276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100276
Karuppiah, K., Sankaranarayanan, B., & Ali, S. M. (2023). A systematic review of sustainable business models: Opportunities, challenges, and future research directions. Decision Analytics Journal, 8, Article 100272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100272
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (2000). Power and interdependence: World politics in transition. Longman.
Krasner, S. D. (1999). Sovereignty: Organized hypocrisy. Princeton University Press
Lüdeke-Freund, F., Carroux, S., Joyce, A., Massa, L., & Breuer, H. (2018). The sustainable business model pattern taxonomy—45 patterns to support sustainability-oriented business model innovation. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 15, 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2018.06.004
Natera, J. M., & Castellacci, F. (2021). Transformational complexity, systemic complexity and economic development. Research Policy, 50(7), 104275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104275
Padilla M. (2014). El rol de la cooperación internacional en la sostenibilidad del turismo comunitario. Período 2000-2010. Caso de estudio: Comunidad de Yunguilla. [Tesis de maestría, Flacso Ecuador]. https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/xmlui/handle/10469/7722
Pieroni, M. P. P., McAloone, T. C., & Pigosso, D. C. A. (2019). Business model innovation for circular economy and sustainability: A review of approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 198–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.036
Pigola, A., Costa, P. R. da, Mazieri, M. R., & Scafuto, I. C. (2022). Collaborative innovation: a technological perspective. International Journal of Innovation, 10(2), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.5585/iji.v10i2.22256
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value
Prahalad, C. K., & Hart, S. L. (2002, enero 10). The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid. Strategy+business. https://www.strategy-business.com/article/11518
Sachs, J. D. (2015). The Age of Sustainable Development. Columbia University Press.
Sarango-Lalangui, P., Castillo-Vergara, M., Carrasco-Carvajal, O., & Durendez, A. (2023). Impact of environmental sustainability on open innovation in SMEs: An empirical study considering the moderating effect of gender. Heliyon, 9(9), e20096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20096
Soria-Barreto, K., Rueda, J., y Ruiz, R. (2021). Factores determinantes del emprendimiento en Chile y Colombia. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(E5), 459–477. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.26.e5.30
Stubbs, W., & Cocklin, C. (2008). Conceptualizing a “sustainability business model”. Organization & Environment, 21(2), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026608318042
Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (2012). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Business. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
Vázquez, A. (2007). Desarrollo endógeno. Teorías y políticas de desarrollo territorial. Investigaciones Regionales = Journal of Regional Research, (11), 183-210. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2500824
Publicado
2025-07-28
Cómo citar
Pinedo Frías, A. A., Romero Guerrero, L. C., & Vanegas Pérez, P. A. (2025). Sostenibilidad y cooperación internacional en empresas emergentes colombianas. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(13), 117-133. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.especial13.8
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