Capacidades dinámicas en PYMES para la gestión de crisis y el desempeño operacional
Palabras clave:
gestión de crisis, capacidades dinámicas, PYMES, rendimiento operacional, resiliencia organizacional
Resumen
La presente investigación busca identificar y determinar las capacidades de los directivos de las PYMES en la gestión de crisis, centrándose en las capacidades dinámicas: detección, captura y transformación. Está investigación contribuye a la comprensión de la gestión de crisis en las PYMES y proporcionará información valiosa para mejorar la resiliencia y el rendimiento de este importante sector económico. El diseño de investigación es cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y causal, los datos fueron recopilados a través de un cuestionario basado en la escala de Likert diseñado para medir las capacidades dinámicas para la gestión de crisis y el rendimiento operacional analizándose mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Los hallazgos revelaron que la capacidad de transformación, fundamentada en la naturaleza de cada PYME, es la que tiene mayor impacto en los resultados operacionales (β= 1.05). La investigación aborda la escasez de investigación de la gestión de crisis basadas en capacidades dinámicas en PYMES en un contexto latinoamericano. Contribuyendo en el conocimiento sobre estas capacidades pueden mejorar el rendimiento y la sostenibilidad de las PYMES en un ambiente incierto.
Citas
Al Omoush, K., Lassala, C., & Ribeiro-Navarrete, S. (2023). The role of digital business transformation in frugal innovation and SMEs’ resilience in emerging markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-12-2022-1937
Amornwattahcharoenchai, P., & Naipinit, A. (2024). The influence of crisis management and management tools on firm performance: Evidence from manufacturing SMEs in Thailand. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 533–540. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.8.018
Arnaudova, R., Viza, E., & Cano, M. (2024). Rethinking risk management in times of crisis: the effect of COVID-19 on small and medium-sized enterprises in Scotland. TQM Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2022-0353
Castro, R., & Moreira, A. C. (2024). Unveiling paradoxes: navigating SMEs readiness in the post-pandemic normality. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2330114
CEPAL. (2022). Estudio económico de América Latina y el Caribe 2022: Dinámica y desafíos de la inversión para impulsar una recuperación sostenible e inclusiva. In Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe. https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/48077-estudio-economico-america-latina-caribe-2022-dinamica-desafios-la-inversion
Chatterjee, A. (2024). Team mindfulness: A vital tool for boosting learning and adaptive capabilities. Development and Learning in Organizations, 38(6), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-10-2023-0227
Clauss, T., Breier, M., Kraus, S., Durst, S., & Mahto, R. V. (2022). Temporary business model innovation – SMEs’ innovation response to the Covid-19 crisis. R and D Management, 52(2), 294–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12498
Durst, S., Svensson, A., & Acuache, M. M. G. P. (2021). Peruvian small and medium-sized enterprises in times of crisis—Or what is happening over time? Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413560
Eisenhauer, N., Bowker, M. A., Grace, J. B., & Powell, J. R. (2015). From patterns to causal understanding: Structural equation modeling (SEM) in soil ecology. Pedobiologia, 58(2–3), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002
García-Contreras, R., Valle-Cruz, D., y Canales-García, R. A. (2021). Selección organizacional: resiliencia y desempeño de las pymes en la era de la COVID-19. Estudios Gerenciales, 37(158), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2021.158.4291
Goll, J., & Zieba, K. (2025). Hospitality Human Capital process model in crisis management: Managing human capital and revealing employees’ hidden capabilities. Tourism and Hospitality Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584251313726
Grözinger, A.-C., Wolff, S., Ruf, P. J., Audretsch, D. B., & Moog, P. (2025). The impact of SME leader’s psychological capital on strategic responses during crisis. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 28(1), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/23409444231184481
Gunasekaran, A., Rai, B. K., & Griffin, M. (2011). Resilience and competitiveness of small and medium size enterprises: An empirical research. International Journal of Production Research, 49(18), 5489–5509. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563831
Hair, J. F., William, B., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (Cengage Le).
Miller, M., Tasic, I., Lyons, T., Ewing, R., & Grace, J. B. (2020). Structural Equation Modeling. En Advanced Quantitative Research Methods for Urban Planners (pp. 185–215). Routledge.
Hoelscher, K., & Garcia, C. G. (2024). SMEs, violence and crisis: Stylized facts from a survey in Latin America. World Development, 184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106720
Huang, W., & Ichikohji, T. (2024). How dynamic capabilities enable Chinese SMEs to survive and thrive during COVID-19: Exploring the mediating role of business model innovation. PLoS ONE, 19(5 May), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304471
Iershova, N. Y., Portna, O. V., Davydov, D., Krivokapic, R., & Delibasic, M. (2024). Financial Stability of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in a Crisis Economy: The Determinants of Management. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 20(2), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2024.20-2.13
INEI. (2017). Perú: Estructura Empresarial, 2017. INEI, 7(2). https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1948/libro.pdf
Jaboob, M., Iqbal, S., & Hameed, S. F. (2025). How do emotional intelligence and psychological well-being affect decision making in Omani SMEs? Mediating role of entrepreneurial intention? Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.), 44(10), 8257–8271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-07186-9
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practices of structural equation modelling 4th edition. In Methodology in the social sciences.
Klyver, K., & Nielsen, S. L. (2024). Preparedness shapes tomorrow: crisis preparedness and strategies among SMEs amid external crises. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 00(00), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2024.2352448
Korayim, D., Shaik, A. S., Agarwal, R., Nijjer, S., & Sasso, P. (2025). Entrepreneurial orientation and sustainable business model innovation through technology transfer. A study of SMEs leadership in knowledge-based economies. Journal of Knowledge Management, 29(3), 789–813. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-10-2023-0920
Koura, A., Boudhar, A., & Oudgou, M. (2025). Rebuilding prosperity: the role of public support in driving sustainable growth for Moroccan SMEs in the post-COVID-19 era. Management and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1108/MSAR-08-2024-0085
Le, M. P., Chauvet, L., & Marouani, M. A. (2024). The Great Lockdown and the Small Business: Impact, Channels and Adaptation to the Covid Pandemic. World Development, 182(June), 106673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106673
Liu, X., Guo, P., & Zhao, J. (2024). From adaptation to transformation: how to stimulate leaders’ change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors in project-based temporary organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 72171195. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-07-2024-0390
Miocevic, D. (2024). Negative emotions and marketing retrenchment during crisis: attribution effects through crisis severity and strategic orientations. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 39(11). https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-08-2023-0459
Puthusserry, P., King, T., Miller, K., & Khan, Z. (2022). A Typology of Emerging Market SMEs’ COVID-19 Response Strategies: The Role of TMTs and Organizational Design. British Journal of Management, 33(2), 603–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12591
Rathee, V., Mittal, P., & Kumar, A. (2025). A contribution towards developing a sustainable model for enhancing entrepreneurial performance: identifying the mediating role of innovative work behaviour. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-04-2024-0166
Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2012). A first course in structural equation modeling: Second edition. In A First Course in Structural Equation Modeling: Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203930687
Rosenbäck, R., & Eriksson, K. M. (2024). COVID-19 healthcare success or failure? Crisis management explained by dynamic capabilities. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11201-x
Schwarz, D. (2017). Reconvensión Industrial de las Pymes peruanas: Cambio para la competitividad. Nexo Revista Científica, 30(01), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v30i01.5171
Shore, A., Tiwari, M., Tandon, P., & Foropon, C. (2024). Building entrepreneurial resilience during crisis using generative AI: An empirical study on SMEs. Technovation, 135(June), 103063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103063
Sudan, T., & Taggar, R. (2024). Assessing trade supply chain vulnerability and trade participation of SMEs in India: insights from a comprehensive analysis. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 250–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-12-2023-0645
Suherman, Widiatmaka, F. P., Kensiwi, F., Suharso, D. D., Sukirno, Pranyoto, Cahya, S. K., Kundori, Listyorini, H., Supriyanto, S., Pranoto, & Sukrisno. (2024). Resilience in tourism-based SMEs driven by initiatives and strategies through share value relational capital viewed from a resource-based theory perspective. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03607-z
Sutrisno, A. D., Lee, C. H., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2024). Examining community desire to change for adaptive transition in post-mining ecological sustainability: Community transition in post-mining sustainability. Extractive Industries and Society, 20(August), 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2024.101537
Toubes, D. R., Araújo-Vila, N., & Fraiz-Brea, J. A. (2021). Organizational learning capacity and sustainability challenges in times of crisis: A study on tourism SMEs in Galicia (Spain). Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111764
Uzkurt, C., Ceyhan, S., Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Akpinar, M. T. (2023). Government support, employee motivation and job performance in the COVID-19 times: evidence from Turkish SMEs during the short work period. International Journal of Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-04-2022-0689
Villena, R., Margarita, M., Velasquez, G., Paola, L., Janampa, G., Orlando, R., Ruiz, L., Valencia, W. A., Alvaro, R., Pancca, A., Adolfo, G., Cárdenas, M., Nacional, U., Villarreal, F., Nacional, U., San, M. De, Presentación, R. V., Margarita, M., Velasquez, G., … Janampa, G. (2024). Desafíos y Perspectivas en la Implementación de CRM en PYMES: Un Enfoque a través del Método de Casos en el Contexto Peruano. 1–9.
Villena, R., Reyes, H., Luján, R., Andia, W., & Soplin, J. (2023). Probability of continuous use of the delivery service in a lima community: an application of the markov chains. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8, 1–14.
Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2025). Enhancing SMEs sustainable innovation and performance through digital transformation: Insights from strategic technology, organizational dynamics, and environmental adaptation. In Socio-Economic Planning Sciences (Vol. 98). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2024.102124
Wang, Z., McNally, R., Lenihan, H., & Li, C. (2025). Social capital as a barrier to innovation: The mediating role of job autonomy. Finance Research Letters, 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106530
Weng, Q., Wang, D., De Lurgio, S., & Schuetz, S. (2024). How do small-to-medium-sized e-commerce businesses stay competitive? Evidence on the critical roles of IT capability, innovation and multihoming. Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-01-2023-0061
Zhang, L., Sindakis, S., Dhaulta, N., & Asongu, S. (2023). Economic Crisis Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Entrepreneurship for Improving the Nigerian Mono-Economy. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 828–859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01117-y
Amornwattahcharoenchai, P., & Naipinit, A. (2024). The influence of crisis management and management tools on firm performance: Evidence from manufacturing SMEs in Thailand. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 533–540. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.8.018
Arnaudova, R., Viza, E., & Cano, M. (2024). Rethinking risk management in times of crisis: the effect of COVID-19 on small and medium-sized enterprises in Scotland. TQM Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2022-0353
Castro, R., & Moreira, A. C. (2024). Unveiling paradoxes: navigating SMEs readiness in the post-pandemic normality. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2330114
CEPAL. (2022). Estudio económico de América Latina y el Caribe 2022: Dinámica y desafíos de la inversión para impulsar una recuperación sostenible e inclusiva. In Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe. https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/48077-estudio-economico-america-latina-caribe-2022-dinamica-desafios-la-inversion
Chatterjee, A. (2024). Team mindfulness: A vital tool for boosting learning and adaptive capabilities. Development and Learning in Organizations, 38(6), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-10-2023-0227
Clauss, T., Breier, M., Kraus, S., Durst, S., & Mahto, R. V. (2022). Temporary business model innovation – SMEs’ innovation response to the Covid-19 crisis. R and D Management, 52(2), 294–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12498
Durst, S., Svensson, A., & Acuache, M. M. G. P. (2021). Peruvian small and medium-sized enterprises in times of crisis—Or what is happening over time? Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413560
Eisenhauer, N., Bowker, M. A., Grace, J. B., & Powell, J. R. (2015). From patterns to causal understanding: Structural equation modeling (SEM) in soil ecology. Pedobiologia, 58(2–3), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002
García-Contreras, R., Valle-Cruz, D., y Canales-García, R. A. (2021). Selección organizacional: resiliencia y desempeño de las pymes en la era de la COVID-19. Estudios Gerenciales, 37(158), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2021.158.4291
Goll, J., & Zieba, K. (2025). Hospitality Human Capital process model in crisis management: Managing human capital and revealing employees’ hidden capabilities. Tourism and Hospitality Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584251313726
Grözinger, A.-C., Wolff, S., Ruf, P. J., Audretsch, D. B., & Moog, P. (2025). The impact of SME leader’s psychological capital on strategic responses during crisis. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 28(1), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/23409444231184481
Gunasekaran, A., Rai, B. K., & Griffin, M. (2011). Resilience and competitiveness of small and medium size enterprises: An empirical research. International Journal of Production Research, 49(18), 5489–5509. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563831
Hair, J. F., William, B., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (Cengage Le).
Miller, M., Tasic, I., Lyons, T., Ewing, R., & Grace, J. B. (2020). Structural Equation Modeling. En Advanced Quantitative Research Methods for Urban Planners (pp. 185–215). Routledge.
Hoelscher, K., & Garcia, C. G. (2024). SMEs, violence and crisis: Stylized facts from a survey in Latin America. World Development, 184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106720
Huang, W., & Ichikohji, T. (2024). How dynamic capabilities enable Chinese SMEs to survive and thrive during COVID-19: Exploring the mediating role of business model innovation. PLoS ONE, 19(5 May), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304471
Iershova, N. Y., Portna, O. V., Davydov, D., Krivokapic, R., & Delibasic, M. (2024). Financial Stability of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in a Crisis Economy: The Determinants of Management. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 20(2), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2024.20-2.13
INEI. (2017). Perú: Estructura Empresarial, 2017. INEI, 7(2). https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1948/libro.pdf
Jaboob, M., Iqbal, S., & Hameed, S. F. (2025). How do emotional intelligence and psychological well-being affect decision making in Omani SMEs? Mediating role of entrepreneurial intention? Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.), 44(10), 8257–8271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-07186-9
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practices of structural equation modelling 4th edition. In Methodology in the social sciences.
Klyver, K., & Nielsen, S. L. (2024). Preparedness shapes tomorrow: crisis preparedness and strategies among SMEs amid external crises. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 00(00), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2024.2352448
Korayim, D., Shaik, A. S., Agarwal, R., Nijjer, S., & Sasso, P. (2025). Entrepreneurial orientation and sustainable business model innovation through technology transfer. A study of SMEs leadership in knowledge-based economies. Journal of Knowledge Management, 29(3), 789–813. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-10-2023-0920
Koura, A., Boudhar, A., & Oudgou, M. (2025). Rebuilding prosperity: the role of public support in driving sustainable growth for Moroccan SMEs in the post-COVID-19 era. Management and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1108/MSAR-08-2024-0085
Le, M. P., Chauvet, L., & Marouani, M. A. (2024). The Great Lockdown and the Small Business: Impact, Channels and Adaptation to the Covid Pandemic. World Development, 182(June), 106673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106673
Liu, X., Guo, P., & Zhao, J. (2024). From adaptation to transformation: how to stimulate leaders’ change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors in project-based temporary organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 72171195. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-07-2024-0390
Miocevic, D. (2024). Negative emotions and marketing retrenchment during crisis: attribution effects through crisis severity and strategic orientations. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 39(11). https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-08-2023-0459
Puthusserry, P., King, T., Miller, K., & Khan, Z. (2022). A Typology of Emerging Market SMEs’ COVID-19 Response Strategies: The Role of TMTs and Organizational Design. British Journal of Management, 33(2), 603–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12591
Rathee, V., Mittal, P., & Kumar, A. (2025). A contribution towards developing a sustainable model for enhancing entrepreneurial performance: identifying the mediating role of innovative work behaviour. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-04-2024-0166
Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2012). A first course in structural equation modeling: Second edition. In A First Course in Structural Equation Modeling: Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203930687
Rosenbäck, R., & Eriksson, K. M. (2024). COVID-19 healthcare success or failure? Crisis management explained by dynamic capabilities. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11201-x
Schwarz, D. (2017). Reconvensión Industrial de las Pymes peruanas: Cambio para la competitividad. Nexo Revista Científica, 30(01), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v30i01.5171
Shore, A., Tiwari, M., Tandon, P., & Foropon, C. (2024). Building entrepreneurial resilience during crisis using generative AI: An empirical study on SMEs. Technovation, 135(June), 103063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103063
Sudan, T., & Taggar, R. (2024). Assessing trade supply chain vulnerability and trade participation of SMEs in India: insights from a comprehensive analysis. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 250–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-12-2023-0645
Suherman, Widiatmaka, F. P., Kensiwi, F., Suharso, D. D., Sukirno, Pranyoto, Cahya, S. K., Kundori, Listyorini, H., Supriyanto, S., Pranoto, & Sukrisno. (2024). Resilience in tourism-based SMEs driven by initiatives and strategies through share value relational capital viewed from a resource-based theory perspective. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03607-z
Sutrisno, A. D., Lee, C. H., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2024). Examining community desire to change for adaptive transition in post-mining ecological sustainability: Community transition in post-mining sustainability. Extractive Industries and Society, 20(August), 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2024.101537
Toubes, D. R., Araújo-Vila, N., & Fraiz-Brea, J. A. (2021). Organizational learning capacity and sustainability challenges in times of crisis: A study on tourism SMEs in Galicia (Spain). Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111764
Uzkurt, C., Ceyhan, S., Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Akpinar, M. T. (2023). Government support, employee motivation and job performance in the COVID-19 times: evidence from Turkish SMEs during the short work period. International Journal of Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-04-2022-0689
Villena, R., Margarita, M., Velasquez, G., Paola, L., Janampa, G., Orlando, R., Ruiz, L., Valencia, W. A., Alvaro, R., Pancca, A., Adolfo, G., Cárdenas, M., Nacional, U., Villarreal, F., Nacional, U., San, M. De, Presentación, R. V., Margarita, M., Velasquez, G., … Janampa, G. (2024). Desafíos y Perspectivas en la Implementación de CRM en PYMES: Un Enfoque a través del Método de Casos en el Contexto Peruano. 1–9.
Villena, R., Reyes, H., Luján, R., Andia, W., & Soplin, J. (2023). Probability of continuous use of the delivery service in a lima community: an application of the markov chains. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8, 1–14.
Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2025). Enhancing SMEs sustainable innovation and performance through digital transformation: Insights from strategic technology, organizational dynamics, and environmental adaptation. In Socio-Economic Planning Sciences (Vol. 98). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2024.102124
Wang, Z., McNally, R., Lenihan, H., & Li, C. (2025). Social capital as a barrier to innovation: The mediating role of job autonomy. Finance Research Letters, 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106530
Weng, Q., Wang, D., De Lurgio, S., & Schuetz, S. (2024). How do small-to-medium-sized e-commerce businesses stay competitive? Evidence on the critical roles of IT capability, innovation and multihoming. Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-01-2023-0061
Zhang, L., Sindakis, S., Dhaulta, N., & Asongu, S. (2023). Economic Crisis Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Entrepreneurship for Improving the Nigerian Mono-Economy. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 828–859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01117-y
Publicado
2025-07-28
Cómo citar
Villena Presentación, R., & Garcia Janampa, L. P. (2025). Capacidades dinámicas en PYMES para la gestión de crisis y el desempeño operacional. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(13), 233-248. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.especial13.15
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