Políticas públicas en el desarrollo turístico impulsado por los gobiernos locales
Palabras clave:
políticas, turismo, gobernanza, desarrollo turístico
Resumen
El turismo, como actividad económica global, es crucial para el desarrollo socioeconómico, especialmente en países ricos en recursos culturales y naturales como Perú. Este artículo, tomando como caso de estudio las playas de Punta Negra, tuvo como objetivo explorar las interacciones de las políticas públicas en el desarrollo turístico a nivel local. Metodológicamente, se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, encuestando a 45 empresas turísticas. Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas como la correlación de Spearman y el Alfa de Cronbach para asegurar la confiabilidad. Los resultados revelaron una correlación positiva entre la gestión municipal y el diseño organizacional con el desarrollo turístico, mientras que no se encontró relación significativa con las políticas públicas ni la planificación. En conclusión, es esencial adoptar un enfoque de gobernanza colaborativa que integre a los sectores público, privado y comunitario para garantizar un turismo sostenible.
Citas
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Alvarado, J. (2018). La gestión turística municipal y el desarrollo socioeconómico de los pobladores del distrito de Ilabaya, provincia Jorge Basadre, periodo 2017 [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Nacional de Tacna]. Repositorio UPT. https://repositorio.upt.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12969/692/Alvarado-Mamani-Melenia.pdf?sequence=1
Amore, A. (2023). Tourism and accountability: Local governance in the age of overtourism. Routledge.
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032
Baloch, Q. B., Shah, S. N., Iqbal, N., Sheeraz, M., Asadullah, M., Mahar, S., & Khan, A. U. (2023). Impact of tourism development upon environmental sustainability: a suggested framework for sustainable ecotourism. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 30(3), 5917–5930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22496-w
Bevir, M. (2011). Governance: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Bianchi, R. (2018). The political economy of tourism development: A critical review. Annals of tourism research, 70, 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.08.005
Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586
Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586
Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003
Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00095-3
Dredge, D., & Jamal, T. (2015). Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.002
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Fletcher, R. (2019). Ecotourism after nature: Anthropocene tourism as a new capitalist “fix”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(4), 522–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1471084
Hernández, R., y Mendoza, C. P. (2018). Metodología de la investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta (6.ª ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x
Kingdon, J. W. (1995). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies (2nd ed.). HarperCollins.
Kolmogorov, A. (1933). Sulla determinazione empirica di una legge di distribuzione. Giornale dell’Istituto Italiano degli Attuari, 4, 83–91.
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Mitchell, J. (2024). Tourism and inequality: Lessons from Machu Picchu. Routledge.
Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2016). Tourism and Sustainability: Development, Globalisation and New Tourism in the Third World. Routledge.
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2019). Baseline report on the integration of sustainable consumption and production patterns into tourism policies. https://www.unwto.org
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2021). Reporte anual. https://turismo.gob.es/cooperacion/omt/Paginas/organizacion-mundial-turismo.aspx
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2023). Financing sustainable tourism: Local governance tools. https://www.unwto.org
Peeters, P. (2017). Tourism’s impact on climate change and its mitigation challenges: How can tourism become ‘climatically sustainable’? [Dissertation (TU Delft), Delft University of Technology]. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:615ac06e-d389-4c6c-810e-7a4ab5818e8d
Rhodes, R. A. W. (1996). The new governance: Governing without government. Political Studies, 44(4), 652–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb01747.x
Rivera, M., Croes, R., & Lee, S. H. (2016). Tourism development and happiness: A residents’ perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.04.002
Rojas, P. E., y Sánchez, A. J. (2022). Gestión municipal y desarrollo turístico sostenible en el distrito de Cerro Azul, 2020 [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión]. Repositorio UNJFSC. http://repositorio.unjfsc.edu.pe/handle/20.500.14067/6359
Ruhanen, L. (2013). Local Government: Facilitator or Inhibitor of Sustainable Tourism Development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21, 80-98.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.680463
Saarinen, J. (2013). Critical sustainability: Setting the limits to growth and responsibility in tourism. Sustainability, 6(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6010001
Schönherr, S., Peters, M., & Kuščer, K. (2023). Sustainable tourism policies: From crisis-related awareness to agendas towards measures. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 27(100762), 100762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2023.100762
Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015
Simon, H. A. (1957). Models of man: Social and rational. Wiley.
Velasco, M. (2008). Gestión de destinos: ¿gobernabilidad del turismo o gobernanza del destino? En M. Velasco (Ed.), Dinámicas recientes y estrategias de intervención en destinos patrimoniales (pp. 95–109). Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia.
Velasco, M. (2019). Gobernanza local y desarrollo turístico. Síntesis.
Wanner, A., Seier, G., & Pröbstl-Haider, U. (2020). Policies related to sustainable tourism – An assessment and comparison of European policies, frameworks and plans. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 29(100275), 100275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2019.100275
Weaver, D. B., Moyle, B., & McLennan, C.-L. J. (2022). The citizen within: positioning local residents for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(4), 897–914. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1903017
World Wildlife Fund- WWF (2025). Combatiendo la contaminación por plásticos en Galápagos. https://www.wwf.mg/?343790/plasticoGalapagos
Zenker, S., & Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic - A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81(104164), 104164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104164
Aguinis, H., Kraus, S., Poček, J., Meyer, N., & Jensen, S. H. (2023). The why, how, and what of public policy implications of tourism and hospitality research. Tourism Management, 97(104720), 104720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104720
Alvarado, J. (2018). La gestión turística municipal y el desarrollo socioeconómico de los pobladores del distrito de Ilabaya, provincia Jorge Basadre, periodo 2017 [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Nacional de Tacna]. Repositorio UPT. https://repositorio.upt.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12969/692/Alvarado-Mamani-Melenia.pdf?sequence=1
Amore, A. (2023). Tourism and accountability: Local governance in the age of overtourism. Routledge.
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032
Baloch, Q. B., Shah, S. N., Iqbal, N., Sheeraz, M., Asadullah, M., Mahar, S., & Khan, A. U. (2023). Impact of tourism development upon environmental sustainability: a suggested framework for sustainable ecotourism. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 30(3), 5917–5930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22496-w
Bevir, M. (2011). Governance: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Bianchi, R. (2018). The political economy of tourism development: A critical review. Annals of tourism research, 70, 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.08.005
Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586
Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586
Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003
Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00095-3
Dredge, D., & Jamal, T. (2015). Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.002
Dredge, D., & Jenkins, J. (2007). Tourism planning and policy. Wiley.
Dwyer, L. (2023). Sustainable development of tourism: Research and policy challenges. Highlights of Sustainability, 2(2), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.54175/hsustain2020008
Fletcher, R. (2019). Ecotourism after nature: Anthropocene tourism as a new capitalist “fix”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(4), 522–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1471084
Hernández, R., y Mendoza, C. P. (2018). Metodología de la investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta (6.ª ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x
Kingdon, J. W. (1995). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies (2nd ed.). HarperCollins.
Kolmogorov, A. (1933). Sulla determinazione empirica di una legge di distribuzione. Giornale dell’Istituto Italiano degli Attuari, 4, 83–91.
Kulshrestha, A., Krishnaswamy, V., & Sharma, M. (2020). Bayesian BILSTM approach for tourism demand forecasting. Annals of Tourism Research, 83(102925), 102925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102925
Lasswell, H. (1956). The Decision Processes. Seven Categories of Functional Analysis. University of Maryland Press, College Park.
Lindblom, C. (2018). The science of “muddling through”. In J. Stein (Ed.), Classic readings in urban planning (pp. 31–40). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351179522-4
Meijer, A. J., Curtin, D., & Hillebrandt, M. (2012). Open government: connecting vision and voice. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311429533
Mitchell, J. (2024). Tourism and inequality: Lessons from Machu Picchu. Routledge.
Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2016). Tourism and Sustainability: Development, Globalisation and New Tourism in the Third World. Routledge.
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2019). Baseline report on the integration of sustainable consumption and production patterns into tourism policies. https://www.unwto.org
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2021). Reporte anual. https://turismo.gob.es/cooperacion/omt/Paginas/organizacion-mundial-turismo.aspx
Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2023). Financing sustainable tourism: Local governance tools. https://www.unwto.org
Peeters, P. (2017). Tourism’s impact on climate change and its mitigation challenges: How can tourism become ‘climatically sustainable’? [Dissertation (TU Delft), Delft University of Technology]. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:615ac06e-d389-4c6c-810e-7a4ab5818e8d
Rhodes, R. A. W. (1996). The new governance: Governing without government. Political Studies, 44(4), 652–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb01747.x
Rivera, M., Croes, R., & Lee, S. H. (2016). Tourism development and happiness: A residents’ perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.04.002
Rojas, P. E., y Sánchez, A. J. (2022). Gestión municipal y desarrollo turístico sostenible en el distrito de Cerro Azul, 2020 [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión]. Repositorio UNJFSC. http://repositorio.unjfsc.edu.pe/handle/20.500.14067/6359
Ruhanen, L. (2013). Local Government: Facilitator or Inhibitor of Sustainable Tourism Development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21, 80-98.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.680463
Saarinen, J. (2013). Critical sustainability: Setting the limits to growth and responsibility in tourism. Sustainability, 6(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6010001
Schönherr, S., Peters, M., & Kuščer, K. (2023). Sustainable tourism policies: From crisis-related awareness to agendas towards measures. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 27(100762), 100762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2023.100762
Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015
Simon, H. A. (1957). Models of man: Social and rational. Wiley.
Velasco, M. (2008). Gestión de destinos: ¿gobernabilidad del turismo o gobernanza del destino? En M. Velasco (Ed.), Dinámicas recientes y estrategias de intervención en destinos patrimoniales (pp. 95–109). Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia.
Velasco, M. (2019). Gobernanza local y desarrollo turístico. Síntesis.
Wanner, A., Seier, G., & Pröbstl-Haider, U. (2020). Policies related to sustainable tourism – An assessment and comparison of European policies, frameworks and plans. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 29(100275), 100275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2019.100275
Weaver, D. B., Moyle, B., & McLennan, C.-L. J. (2022). The citizen within: positioning local residents for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(4), 897–914. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1903017
World Wildlife Fund- WWF (2025). Combatiendo la contaminación por plásticos en Galápagos. https://www.wwf.mg/?343790/plasticoGalapagos
Zenker, S., & Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic - A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81(104164), 104164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104164
Publicado
2025-07-28
Cómo citar
Ríos Mayorga, M. (2025). Políticas públicas en el desarrollo turístico impulsado por los gobiernos locales. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(13), 249-266. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.especial13.17
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